αἰδώς

αἰδώς — aidṓs

αἰδώς ((όος) (οῦς, ἡ; from Homer down; a sense of shame, modesty: 1Ti 2:9; reverence, Heb 12:28 (λατρεύειν, Θεῷ μετά αἰδοῦς καί εὐλαβείας, but L T Tr WH εὐλαβείας καί δέους). (Synonyms: αἰδώς, αἰσχύνη: Ammonius distinguishes the words as follows: αἰδώς καί αἰσχύνη διαφέρει, ὅτι ἡ μέν αἰδώς ἐστιν ἐντροπή πρός ἕκαστον, ὡς σεβομένως τίς ἔχει. αἰσχύνη δ' ἐφ' οἷς ἕκαστος ἁμαρτών σιαχύνεται, ὡς μή δέον τί πράξας. καί ἀιδεῖται μέν τίς τόν πατέρα. αἰσχύνεται δέ ὅς μεθύσκεται, etc., etc.; accordingly, αἰδώς is prominently objective in its reference, having regard to others; while αἰσχύνη is subjective, making reference to oneself and one's actions. Cf. Schmidt, chapter 140. It is often said that αἰδώς precedes and prevents the shameful act, αἰσχύνη reflects upon its consequences in the shame it brings with it' (Cope, Aristotle, rhet. 5, 6, 1). αἰδώς is the nobler word, αἰσχύνη the stronger; while "αἰδώς would always restrain a good man from an unworthy act, αἰσχύνη would sometimes restrain a bad one." Trench, §§ 19, 20.)