εἴδω

εἴδω — eídō

εἰδῶ, ἴδω, Latinvideo (Sanskritvid, perfectveda know,vind-a-mi find, (cf. Vedas); Curtius, § 282), an obsolete form of the present tense, the place of which is supplied by ὁράω. The tenses coming from εἰδῶ and retained by usage form two families, of which one signifies to see, the other to know.

I. 2 aorist εἶδον, the common form, with the term. of the 1 aorist (see references under the word ἀπέρχομαι, at the beginning) ἐιδα, Rev 17:3 L, 6 L T Tr; 1 person plural εἴδαμεν, L T Tr WH in Act 4:20; Mar 2:12; Tr WH in Mat 25:37; WH in Mat 25:38; Mar 9:38; Luk 9:49; Luk 3:1-38 person plural εἶδαν, T WH in Luk 9:32; Tr WH in Luk 10:24; Act 6:15; Act 28:4; T Tr WH in Mar 6:50; L T Tr WH in Joh 1:39 (40); Act 9:35; Act 12:16; WH in Mar 6:33; add ἰδαν Tdf. in Mat 13:17; Luk 10:24; ἴδον (an epic form, cf. Matthiae, i., p. 564; (Veitch, p. 215); very frequent in the Sept. and in 1 Macc., cf. Grimm on 1 Macc., p. 54; on the frequent interchange of ἴδον and ἴδον in manuscripts, cf. Jacobs ad Achilles Tatius 2, 24; (WHs Appendix, pp. 162, 164; Tdf. the Sept. Proleg., p. ix.; N. T. Proleg., p. 89; Buttmann, 39 (34))), Tdf. in Rev 4:1; Rev 6:1-2; Rev 6:5; Rev 6:8-9; Rev 6:12; Rev 7:1, etc.; 3 person singular ἰδεν, Tdf. in Luk 5:2; Rev 1:2; Rev 2:1-29 person plural ἴδετε, Php 1:30 Rec.; 3 person plural ἴδον, Tdf. in (Luk 2:20); Joh 19:6; subjunctive ἴδω; imperative ἴδε (Attic ἴδε cf. Winers Grammar, § G, 1 a.; (Buttmann, 62 (54); Göttling, Accentl. 52)) (2 person plural ἴδετε, Joh 1:39-40 R G L); infinitive ἰδεῖν; participle ἰδών; (the Sept. mostly for רָאָה sometimes for חָזָה and יָדַע ); to see (have seen), be seeing (saw), i. e.

1. to perceive (with the eyes; Latinconspicere, German erblicken);

a. universally, τινα or τί: Mat 2:2; Mat 4:16; Mat 14:14; Mat 28:6; Mar 1:10; Mar 1:16; Mar 2:14; Luk 5:26; Luk 7:22; Joh 1:47 f (f);; Act 9:35; Act 12:16; Gal 1:19; 1Ti 6:16, and very often. οὐδέποτε οὕτως εἴδομεν we never saw in such fashion, i. e. such a sight never befell us, Mar 2:12, old German alsohat man nicht gesehen, seit etc.; cf. Kuinoel ad Mat., p. 280 edition 4. ἰδεῖν τί and ἀκοῦσαι τί are conjoined in Luk 7:22; Act 22:14; 1Co 2:9; Jas 5:11; ἰδεῖν and ἰδεῖν τί are also used by those to whom something is presented in vision, as the author of the Apocalypse relates that he saw this or that: Rev 1:12; Rev 1:17; Rev 4:1 (here εἶδον καί ἰδού a formula peculiar to Rev.; see ἰδού, at the end);, etc.; Joh 12:41; ἰδεῖν ὅραμα Act 10:17; Act 16:10; ἰδεῖν ἐν ὁράματι, Act 9:12 (R G);; ἐν τῇ ὁράσει, Rev 9:17; elliptically ἰδεῖν τί τίνος namely, ἐκπορευθεν, Rev 16:13, cf. Rev 1:16; Hebraistically (on which see Winers Grammar, § 45, 8; Buttmann, § 144, 30) ἰδών εἶδον I have surely seen: Act 7:34 after Exo 3:7. Frequent in the historical books of the N. T. is the participleἰδών, ἰδόντες, continuing the narrative, placed before a finite verb, and either having an accusative added, as in Mat 2:10; Mat 3:7; Mat 5:1; Mat 8:34; Mar 5:22; Mar 9:20; Luk 2:48; Luk 7:13; Joh 5:6; Joh 6:14; Act 13:12; Act 14:11, etc.; or the accusative is omitted, as being evident from the context: Mat 9:8; Mat 9:11; Mat 21:20; Mar 10:14; Luk 1:12; Luk 2:17; Act 3:12; Act 7:31, etc.

b. with the accusative of a person or a thing, and a participle (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 45, 4 a.): Mat 3:7; Mat 3:16; Mat 8:14; Mar 1:16; Mar 6:33; Luk 9:49; Luk 21:2; Joh 1:33; Joh 1:47 f (f); Act 3:9; Act 11:13; 1Co 8:10; 1Jn 5:16; Rev 9:1, and often.

c. followed by ὅτι: Mar 2:16 L T Tr WH;; Joh 6:22; Joh 6:24, etc.

d. followed by an indirect question with the indicative: with τίς, Luk 19:3; with τί, Mar 5:14; with πηλίκος, Gal 6:11.

e. ἔρχου καί ἴδε, a formula of invitation, the use of which leaves the object of the seeing to be inferred by the hearers from the matter under consideration: Joh 11:34; (here ἴδε is equivalent to by seeing learn, namely, that Jesus is the Messiah), and Griesbach in Rev 6:1; Rev 6:5; plural Joh 1:39 (40) (where T Tr WH ἔρχεσθε καί ὄψεσθε). The rabbis use the phrases וחזי תא and וראה בא to command attention.

f. ἰδεῖν used absolutely and πιστεύειν are contrasted in Joh 20:29.

2. like the Latinvideo, to perceive by any of the senses: Mat 27:54; Mar 15:39; Luk 17:15.

3. universally, to perceive, notice, discern, discover: τήν πίστιν αὐτῶν, Mat 9:2; τάς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν, Mat 9:4 (where L Tr WH text εἰδώς for ἰδών); τόν διαλογισμόν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν, Luk 9:47 (T WH text Tr marginal reading εἰδώς); ἴδε with the accusative of the thing, Rom 11:22; followed by ὅτι, Mat 27:3; Mat 27:24; Act 12:3; Act 14:9; Act 16:19; Gal 2:7; Gal 2:14; ἴδε, ὅτι, Joh 7:52; ἰδεῖν τινα, ὅτι, Mar 12:34 (Tr brackets the accusative).

4. to see, i. e. to turn the eyes, the mind, the attention to anything;

a. to pay attention, observe: followed by εἰ intertog. Mat 27:49; by ποταπός, 1Jn 3:1.

b. περί τίνος (cf. Latinvidere de allqua re), to see about something (A. V. to consider of), i. e. to ascertain what must be done about it, Act 15:6.

c. to inspect, examine: τί, Luk 14:18.

d. τινα, to look at, behold: Joh 21:21; Mar 8:33.

5. to experience, τί, any state or condition (cf. Winer's Grammar, 17): as τόν θάνατον, Luk 2:26; Heb 11:5 (Josephus, Antiquities 9, 2, 2 (οἶδεν) cf. Joh 8:51 (Psalm 88:49; τήν διαφθοράν, to pass into a state of corruption, be dissolved, Act 2:27; Act 2:31; Act 13:35-37 (Psalm 15:10 ); τήν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, to partake of salvation in the kingdom of God, Joh 3:3; πένθος, Rev 18:7; τήν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, by some marvelous event get a signal experience of the beneficent power of God, Joh 11:40; στενοχωρίας, 1Ma 13:3 (ἀλοχου χάριν, Homer, Iliad 11, 243); on the same use of the verb רָאָה and the Latinvidere, cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus 3, p. 1246. ἡμέραν, to live to see a day (a time) and enjoy the blessings it brings: ἡμέρας ἀγαθάς, 1Pe 3:10 from Psa 33:13; τήν ἡμέραν ἐμήν (Christ's language) the time when I should exercise my saving power on earth, Joh 8:56; εἶδε namely, τήν ἡμέραν τήν ἐμήν, from the abode of the blessed in paradise he in spirit saw my day, ibid. (see ἀγαλλιάω, under the end); ἐπιθυμήσετε μίαν τῶν ἡμερῶν... ἰδεῖν, ye will wish that even a single day of the blessed coming age of the Messiah may break upon your wretched times, Luk 17:22; so in Greek writings, especially the poets, ἦμαρ, ἡμέραν ἰδεῖν, in Latinvidere diem; cf. Kuinoel on Joh 8:56.

6. with the accusative of person to see i. e. have an interview with, to visit: Luk 8:20; Joh 12:21; Act 16:40; Act 28:20; Rom 1:11; 1Co 16:7; Php 1:27; 1Th 3:6; 2Ti 1:4; 3Jn 1:14; τό πρόσωπον τίνος: 1Th 2:17; 1Th 3:10 (Lucian, dial. d. 24, 2 (cf. Rutherford on Babrius 11, 9)); with an accusative of place, to visit, go to: Act 19:21. (Synonyms: 'When εἶδον, ἰδεῖν are called momentary preterites, it must not be supposed that thereby a quickly-past action is designated; these forms merely present the action without reference to its duration... The unaugmented moods, too, are not exclusively past, but present or future as well — the last most decidedly in the imperative. Now it is obvious that when a perception is stated without regard to its duration, its form or mode cannot have prominence; hence ἰδεῖν is much less physical than ὁρᾶν. ἰδεῖν denotes to perceive with the eyes; ὁρᾶν (which see), on the other hand, to see, i. e. it marks the use and action of the eye as the principal thing. Perception as denoted by ἰδέαν when conceived of as completed, permits the sensuous element to be forgotten and abides merely as an activity of the soul; for οἶδα, εἰδέναι, signifies not to have seen, but to know Schmidt, chapter 11. Compare: ἀπεῖδον, ἐπεῖδόν, προεῖδον, συνεῖδον εἶδον)

II. 2 perfect οἶδα, οἶδας (1Co 7:16; Joh 21:15, for the more common οἶσθα, οἴδαμεν (for ἰσμεν, more common in Greek), οἴδατε (ἴστε, the more usual classic form, is found only in Eph 5:5 G L T Tr WH and Heb 12:17 (probably also in Jas 1:19 according to the reading of L T Tr WH; but see below)), ὀισασι (and once the Attic ἴσασι, Act 26:4), imperative ἴστε, once, Jas 1:19 L T Tr WH (but see above), subjunctive εἰδῶ, infinitive εἰδέναι, participle εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα (Mar 5:33; Act 5:7); pluperfect ᾔδειν, 2 person everywhere ᾔδεις, 3 person ᾔδει, plural 2 person ᾔδειτε, 3 person ᾔδεισαν (for the more common ἠδεσαν (Veitch, p. 218; Buttmann, 43 (38))); future ἐιδήσω (Heb 8:11); cf. Winers Grammar, 84 (81); Buttmann, 51 (44); the Sept. chiefly for ψααδα>; like the Latinnovi it has the signification of a present to know, understand; and the pluperfect the significance of an imperfect; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 274 (257)).

1. to know: with the accusative of the thing, Mat 25:13; Mar 10:19; Joh 10:4; Joh 13:17; Joh 14:4; Act 5:7; Rom 7:7; 1Co 2:2; Rev 2:2; Rev 2:9, etc.; τοῦτο (Rec.; others have πάντα) followed by ὅτι, etc. Jud 1:5; with the accusative of person, Mat 26:72; Mat 26:74; Joh 1:31; Joh 6:42; Act 3:16; 2Co 5:16, etc.; τόν Θεόν, Tit 1:16, cf. Joh 8:19; Joh 15:21; Gentiles are called οἱ μή εἰδότες τόν Θεόν in 1Th 4:5; 2Th 1:8, cf. Gal 4:8; the predicate of the person is added (as often in Attic), εἰδώς αὐτόν ἄνδρα δίκαιον, namely, ὄντα, Mar 6:20 (Buttmann, 304 (261)); in the form of a participle 2Co 12:2. to an accusative of the object by attraction (Winers Grammar, § 66, 5 a.; Buttmann, 377 (323)) an epexegetical clause is added (cf. especially Buttmann, 301 (258)), with ὅτι, 1Co 16:15; 2Co 12:3; Act 16:3; or an indirect question (Buttmann, 250f (215f)), Mar 1:24; Luk 4:34; Luk 13:25; Luk 13:27; Joh 7:27; Joh 9:29. εἰδέναι is used with the accusative and infinitive in Luk 4:41; 1Pe 5:9; followed by ὅτι, Mat 9:6; Joh 19:35; Act 2:30; Rom 5:3, and very often; οἴδαμεν Pollux by ὅτι is not infrequently, so far as the sense is concerned, equivalent to it is well known, acknowledged: Mat 22:16; Luk 20:21; Joh 3:2; Joh 9:31; Rom 2:2; Rom 3:19; Rom 7:14; Rom 8:22; Rom 8:28; 2Co 5:1; 1Ti 1:8; 1Jn 3:2; 1Jn 5:20; cf. Lightfoot (in his Horae Hebrew et Talm.) and Baumg.-Crusius on Joh 3:2. frequent, especially in Paul, is the interrogative formula οὐκ οἴδατε and ἤ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι, by which something well known is commended to one for his thoughtful consideration: Rom 11:2; 1Co 3:16; 1Co 5:6; 1 Corinthians 6:2f, 9, 15f, 19; 1Co 9:13; 1Co 9:24; οὐκ οἴδατε followed by an indirect question. Luk 9:55 (Rec.); οὐκ οἶδας ὅτι, Joh 19:10; οὐκ ᾔδειτε, Luk 2:49; εἰδέναι followed by an indirect question. (cf. Buttmann, as above], Mat 26:70; Joh 9:21; Joh 9:25; Joh 9:30; Joh 14:5; Joh 20:13; 1Co 1:16; 1Co 7:16; 2Co 12:2; Rom 8:26; Eph 6:21; 1Ti 3:15, and very often.

2. to know, i. e. get knowledge of, understand, perceive;

a. any fact: as, τάς ἐνθυμήσεις, Mat 12:25; τήν ὑπόκρισιν, Mar 12:15; τούς διαλογισμούς αὐτῶν, Luk 6:8; Luk 11:17; with the addition of ἐν ἑαυτῷ followed by ὅτι, Joh 6:61.

b. the force and meaning of something, which has a definite meaning: 1Co 2:11 f; τήν παραβολήν, Mar 4:13; μυστήρια, 1Co 13:2; followed by an indirect question. Eph 1:18.

c. as in classical Greek, followed by an infinitive in the sense of to know how (Latincalleo, to be skilled in): Mat 7:11; Luk 11:13; Luk 12:56; Php 4:12; 1Th 4:4; 1Ti 3:5; Jas 4:17; 2Pe 2:9; ὡς οἴδατε, namely, ἀσφαλίσασθαι, Mat 27:65.

3. Hebraistically, εἰδέναι τινα to have regard for one, cherish, pay attention to: 1Th 5:12 (the Sept. Gen 39:6 for יָדַע ). (Synonym: see γινώσκω.)

STRONGS NT 1492: οἶδαοἶδα, see εἰδῶ, II., p. 174.