πικραίνω

πικραίνω — pikraínō

πικραίνω: future πικράνω; passive, present πικραίνομαι; 1 aorist ἐπικρανθην; (πικρός, which see);

1. properly, to make bitter: τά ὕδατα, passive, Rev 8:11; τήν κοιλίαν, to produce a bitter taste in the stomach (Vulg.amarico), Rev 10:9 f.

2. tropically, to embitter, exasperate, i. e. render angry, indignant; passive, to be embittered, irritated (Plato, Demosthenes, others): πρός τινα, Col 3:19 (Athen. 6, p. 242 c.; ἐπί τινα, Exo 16:20; Jer 44:15; 1Es 4:31; (ἐν τίνι, Rth 1:20)); contextually equivalent to to visit with bitterness, to grieve (deal bitterly with), Job 27:2; Macc. 3:7. (Compare: παραπικραίνω.)