πταίω

πταίω — ptaíō

πταίω; future πταίσω; 1 aorist ἐπταισα; (akin to ΠΑΤΩ and πίπτω (cf. Vanicek, p. 466)); from (Pindar), Aeschylus, and Herodotus down;

1. transitive, τινα, to cause one to stumble or fall.

2. intransitive, to stumble: δίς πρός τόν αὐτόν λίθον, Polybius 31, 19, 5. tropically (cf. English trip, stumble)

a. to err, to make a mistake (Plato, Theact c. 15, p. 160 d.); to sin: absolutely Rom 11:11 (ἴδιον ἀνθρώπου φιλεῖν καί τούς πταιοντας, Antoninus 7, 22); πολλά, in many ways, Jas 3:2; ἐν ἑνί (namely, νόμῳ), to stumble in, i. e. sin against, one law, Jas 2:10 (but see εἷς, 2 a. at the end); ἐν λόγῳ (for the (more common) simple dative), to sin in word or speech, Jas 3:2.

b. to fall into misery, become wretched (often so in Greek writings): of the loss of salvation, 2Pe 1:10.