Some Nations Remain in the Land

¹ These are the nations that Yahweh left, to test Israel by them (that is, to test all those who ⌞had not experienced⌟¹ any of the wars of Canaan,

1. Literally “did not know”

² in order that the generations of Israel would know war, to teach those ⌞who had not experienced it⌟¹ before):

1. Literally “who had not known it”

³ the five rulers of the Philistines, all the Canaanites,¹ the Sidonians,² and the Hivites³ living on Mount Lebanon, from Mount Baal Hermon up to Lebo-Hamath.

1. Hebrew “Canaanite”
2. Hebrew “Sidonian”
3. Hebrew “Hivite”

⁴ They were left for testing Israel, to know whether they would keep the commands of Yahweh that he commanded their ancestors¹ through the hand of Moses.

1. Or “fathers”

⁵ And the ⌞Israelites⌟¹ lived in the midst of the Canaanites,² the Hittites,³ the Amorites,⁴ the Perizzites,⁵ the Hivites,⁶ and the Jebusites.⁷

1. Literally “sons/children of Israel”
2. Hebrew “Canaanite”
3. Hebrew “Hittite”
4. Hebrew “Amorite”
5. Hebrew “Perizzite”
6. Hebrew “Hivite”
7. Hebrew “Jebusite”

⁶ And they took their daughters as wives for themselves, and they gave their daughters to their sons, and they served their gods.¹

1. Or “worshiped their gods”

Othniel

⁷ The ⌞Israelites⌟¹ did evil in the eyes of Yahweh. They forgot Yahweh their God, and they served the Baals and the Asheroth.²

1. Literally “sons/children of Israel”
2. Asheroth are cultic poles set up next to an altar symbolizing the goddess Asherah

⁸ And ⌞the anger of Yahweh was kindled⌟¹ against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim, the king of Aram Naharaim; and the ⌞Israelites⌟² served Cushan-Rishathaim eight years.

1. Literally “the nose of Yahweh became hot”
2. Literally “sons/children of Israel”

⁹ The ⌞Israelites⌟¹ cried out to Yahweh, and Yahweh raised up a deliverer for the ⌞Israelites⌟² who delivered them, Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother.

1. Literally “sons/children of Israel”
2. Literally “sons/children of Israel”

¹⁰ And the spirit of Yahweh came upon him, and he judged Israel. He went out to war, and Yahweh gave Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram into his hand, and ⌞he prevailed over⌟¹ Cushan-Rishathaim.

1. Literally “his hand was strong over”

¹¹ So the land rested forty years. Then Othniel son of Kenaz died.

Ehud

¹² And again the ⌞Israelites⌟¹ did evil in the eyes of Yahweh. So Yahweh strengthened Eglon king of Moab against Israel, because they did evil in the eyes of Yahweh.

1. Literally “sons/children of Israel”

¹³ He gathered to himself the ⌞Ammonites and Amalekites⌟,¹ and he went and defeated Israel, and they took possession of the city of palms.

1. Literally “sons of Ammon and Amalek” or “children of Ammon and Amalek”

¹⁴ And the ⌞Israelites⌟¹ served Eglon king of Moab eighteen years.

1. Literally “sons/children of Israel”

¹⁵ And the ⌞Israelites⌟¹ cried out to Yahweh, and Yahweh raised up for them a deliverer, Ehud son of Gera, a Benjaminite and ⌞a left-handed man⌟.² And the ⌞Israelites⌟³ sent a tribute to Eglon king of Moab ⌞through him⌟.⁴

1. Literally “sons/children of Israel”
2. Literally “a man bound by his right hand”
3. Literally “sons/children of Israel”
4. Literally “in his hand”

¹⁶ Ehud made for himself a short, ⌞two-edged⌟¹ sword (a cubit in length), and he fastened it under his clothes on his right thigh.

1. Literally “with two mouths”

¹⁷ Then he presented the tribute to Eglon king of Moab. Now Eglon was a very fat man.

¹⁸ When Ehud¹ had finished presenting the tribute, he sent away the people who carried the tribute.

1. That is, Eglon

¹⁹ But he turned back from the sculptured stones¹ that were near Gilgal, and he said, “I have ⌞a secret message⌟² for you, O king.” And he³ said, “Silence!” So all those standing in his presence went out,

1. Or “Pesilim”; some translations translate the phrase as a proper name
2. Literally “a word of secrecy”
3. Hebrew “he”

²⁰ and Ehud came to him while he was sitting alone in his cool upper room. And Ehud said, “I have a ⌞message from God⌟¹ for you.” So he got up from his seat.

1. Literally “word of God”

²¹ Then Ehud reached with his left hand for the sword on his right thigh, and he thrust it into his¹ stomach.

1. That is, Eglon’s

²² And the handle also went in after the blade, and the fat closed over the blade because he did not draw back the sword from his stomach; and it went protruding out the back.¹

1. The Hebrew is uncertain; some translations have “and the dirt/entrails came out”

²³ And Ehud went out the vestibule, and he closed the doors of the upper room and locked them behind him.

²⁴ After he left, his servants returned. When they saw that the doors of the upper room were locked, ⌞they thought⌟,¹ “Surely he is ⌞relieving himself⌟² in the cool inner room.”

1. Hebrew “they said”
2. Literally “covering his feet”

²⁵ And they waited so long they became embarrassed because he did not open the doors of the upper room. So they took the key and opened the doors, and there their lord was lying on the ground dead.

²⁶ And Ehud escaped while they delayed. He passed by the sculptured stones¹ and escaped to Seirah.

1. Or “Pesilim;” some translations to translate the phrase as a proper name

²⁷ And when he arrived he sounded the trumpet in the hill country of Ephraim, and the ⌞Israelites⌟¹ went down from the hill country with him leading them.

1. Literally “sons/children of Israel”

²⁸ And he said to them, “Follow after me! Yahweh has given Moab your enemies into your hand.” So they went down after him, and they captured the fords of the Jordan toward Moab; and they did not allow anyone to cross over.

²⁹ And they struck Moab at that time, about ten thousand men, ⌞all strong and able men⌟;¹ no one escaped.

1. Literally “all fat and men of strength”

³⁰ And Moab was subdued on that day under the hand of Israel. And the land rested eighty years.¹

1. Hebrew “year”

Shamgar

³¹ And Shamgar son of Anath came after him, and he killed six hundred Philistines with the goad of an ox; he also delivered Israel.