θυμός

θυμός — thymós

θυμός, θυμοῦ, ὁ (from θύω to rush along or on, be in a heat, breathe violently; hence, Plato correctly says, Cratyl., p. 419 e., θυμός ἀπό τῆς θυσεως καί ζεσεως τῆς ψυχῆς; accordingly it signifies both the spirit panting as it were in the body, and the rage with which the man pants and swells) (from Homer down), the Sept. often for אַף anger, and חֵמָהexcandescentia; also for חָרוןaestus. In the N. T.:

1. passion, angry heat (excandescentia, Cicero, Tusc. 4, 9, 21), anger forthwith boiling up and soon subsiding again (ὀργή, on the other hand, denotes indignation which has arisen gradually and become more settled; (cf. (Plato) deff. 415 e. θυμός. ὁρμή βίαιος ἄνευ λογισμοῦ. νόσος τάξεως ψυχῆς ἀλογιστου. ὀργή. παράκλησις τοῦ θυμικου εἰς τό τιμωρεῖσθαι, Gregory of Nazianzus, carm. 34 θυμός μέν ἐστιν ἀθρως ζεσις φρενος, ὀργή δέ θυμός ἐμμένων, Hermas, mand. 5, 2, 4 [ET] ἐκ δέ τῆς πικρίας θυμός, ἐκ δέ τοῦ θυμοῦ ὀργή; cf. Aristotle, rhet. 2, 2, 1 and Cope's note); hence, we read in Sir 48:10 κοπάσαι ὀργήν πρό θυμοῦ, before it glows and bursts forth; (see further, on the distinction between the two words, Trench, § xxxvii., and especially Schmidt vol. iii., chapter 142)): Luk 4:28; Act 19:28; Eph 4:31; Col 3:8; Heb 11:27; ὁ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, Rev 14:19; Rev 15:1; Rev 15:7; Rev 16:1; ἔχειν θυμόν, to be in a passion, Rev 12:12 (Aelian v. h. 1, 14); ὀργή καί θυμός (as the Sept. Mic 5:15; Isocrates, p. 249 c.; Herodian, 8, 4, 1; others): Rom 2:8 (Rec. in the inverse order; so Deu 9:19; Deu 29:23; Deu 29:28 (cf. Trench, as above)); plural θυμοί impulses and outbursts of anger (Winers Grammar, 176 (166); Buttmann, 77 (67)): 2Co 12:20; Gal 5:20 (2Ma 4:25; 2Ma 4:38 2Ma 9:7 2Ma 10:35 2Ma 14:45; 4Ma 18:20; Wis 10:3; Sophocles Aj. 718 (where see Lob.); Plato, Protag., p. 323 e.; (Phileb., p. 40 e.; Aristotle, rhet. 2, 13, 13); Polybius 3, 10, 5; Diodorus 13, 28; Josephus, b. j. 4, 5, 2; Plutarch, Cor. 1; others).

2. glow, ardor: ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ (see οἶνος, b.) the wine of passion, inflaming wine, German Glutwein (which either drives the drinker mad or kills him with its deadly heat; cf. Isa 51:17; Isa 51:22; Jer 32:1 (ff): Rev 14:8; Rev 18:3; with τοῦ Θεοῦ added, which God gives the drinker, Rev 14:10; with τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ added (A. V. fierceness), Rev 16:19; Rev 19:15; cf. Ewald, Johann. Schriften, Bd. ii., p. 269 note.