More Laws Regarding Sin Offerings

¹ “ ‘When a person¹ sins in that² he hears the utterance of a curse and he is a witness or he sees or he knows, if he does not make it known, then³ he shall bear his guilt.

1. Or “a soul”
2. Or “and”
3. Or “and”

² Or if a person¹ touches anything unclean, ⌞whether⌟² an unclean wild³ animal’s dead body or an unclean domestic animal’s dead body or an unclean swarmer’s dead body, but⁴ ⌞he is unaware of it⌟,⁵ he is unclean and he is guilty.

1. Or “a soul”
2. Literally “or”
3. Implied by the following phrase specifying domestic animals
4. Or “and”
5. Literally “it is concealed from him”

³ Or when he touches human uncleanness, ⌞namely⌟¹ any uncleanness of his by which he might become unclean, but² ⌞he is unaware of it⌟,³ and he himself finds out, then⁴ he will be guilty.

1. Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510)
2. Or “and”
3. Literally “it is concealed from him”
4. Or “and”

⁴ Or when a person¹ swears, speaking thoughtlessly with his lips, to do evil or to do good ⌞with regard to⌟² anything that ⌞the person⌟³ in a sworn oath speaks thoughtlessly, but⁴ ⌞he is unaware of it⌟,⁵ he will be guilty ⌞in any of⌟⁶ these.

1. Or “a soul”
2. Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510)
3. Literally “the man”
4. Or “and”
5. Literally “it is concealed from him”
6. Literally “for one of”

⁵ When he becomes guilty ⌞in any of⌟¹ these, he shall confess² what he has sinned ⌞regarding⌟³ it,

1. Literally “for one of”
2. Or “and he shall confess”
3. Literally “upon” or “against”

⁶ and he shall bring his guilt offering to¹ Yahweh for his sin that he has ⌞committed⌟:² a female from the flock,³ a ewe-lamb or ⌞a she-goat⌟,⁴ as a sin offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for⁵ his sin.

1. Or “for”
2. Literally “sinned”
3. The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
4. Literally “a she-goat of goats”
5. Hebrew “from”

⁷ “ ‘If¹ ⌞he cannot afford a sheep⌟,² he shall bring as his guilt offering for what he sinned two turtledoves or two ⌞young doves⌟³ for Yahweh, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.

1. Or “And if”
2. Literally “his hand does not touch enough of small livestock”
3. Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove”

⁸ He shall bring¹ them to the priest, and he shall present that which is for the sin offering first, and the priest² shall wring its head off ⌞at the back of its neck⌟,³ but⁴ he must not sever it,

1. Or “And he shall bring”
2. Required by the previous action (see NET)
3. Literally “from opposite its neck”
4. Or “and”

⁹ and he shall spatter ⌞some of⌟¹ the sin offering’s blood on the altar’s side, and the leftover blood must be drained out on the altar’s base; it is a sin offering.

1. Literally “from”

¹⁰ The second¹ bird he must prepare as a burnt offering according to the regulation, and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has ⌞committed⌟,² and he shall be forgiven.

1. Or “And the second”
2. Literally “sinned”

¹¹ “ ‘But¹ if ⌞he cannot afford⌟² two turtledoves or two ⌞young doves⌟,³ then,⁴ because he has sinned, he shall bring as his offering a tenth of an⁵ ephah of finely milled flour as a sin offering. He must not put⁶ oil on it, nor should he put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering.

1. Or “And”
2. Literally “his hand cannot produce for”
3. Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove”
4. Or “and”
5. Hebrew “the”
6. Or “And he must not put”

¹² He shall bring¹ it to the priest, and the priest ⌞shall take a handful of it⌟² for its token portion, and he shall turn it to smoke on the altar ⌞in addition to⌟³ the offerings made by fire to Yahweh; it is a sin offering.

1. Or “And he shall bring”
2. Literally “shall scoop up from it the fullness of his handful”
3. Literally “on” or “upon”

¹³ Thus¹ the priest shall make atonement for him because of the sin that he has ⌞committed⌟² ⌞in any of these⌟,³ and he shall be forgiven. It shall be⁴ for the priest, like the grain offering.’ ”

1. Or “And”
2. Literally “sinned”
3. Literally “from one from these”
4. Or “And it shall be”

Laws for Guilt Offerings

¹⁴ Then¹ Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

1. Or “And”

¹⁵ “When a person¹ ⌞displays infidelity⌟² and he sins in an unintentional wrong ⌞in any of⌟³ Yahweh’s holy things, then⁴ he shall bring his guilt offering to⁵ Yahweh: a ram without defect from the flock⁶ as a guilt offering by your valuation in silver shekels⁷ according to the sanctuary shekel.

1. Or “a soul”
2. Literally “acts unfaithfully infidelity” or “is unfaithful in unfaithfulness”
3. Literally “from”
4. Or “and”
5. Or “for”
6. The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
7. Or “convertible into silver shekels” (NET, NRSV, TNK), “of the proper value in silver” (NIV; cp. ESV “valued in silver shekels,” CSB), or “or you may buy one of equal value with silver” (NLT)

¹⁶ And he shall make restitution for what he sinned ⌞because of⌟¹ a holy thing and shall add one-fifth of ⌞its value⌟² onto it and shall give it to the priest. The priest³ shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he will be forgiven.

1. Literally “from” (see HALOT 598)
2. Literally “it”
3. Or “And the priest”

¹⁷ “If¹ a person² when he sins ⌞violates⌟³ one from all of Yahweh’s commands that should not ⌞be violated⌟,⁴ but⁵ he did not know, then⁶ he is guilty and he shall bear his guilt.

1. Or “And if”
2. Or “a soul”
3. Literally “and she/it does”
4. Literally “they are to be done”
5. Or “and”
6. Or “and”

¹⁸ He shall bring¹ to the priest a ram without defect from the flock² as a guilt offering by your valuation, and the priest shall make atonement for him because of his unintentional wrong (although³ he himself did not know), and he will be forgiven.

1. Or “And he shall bring”
2. The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
3. Or “and”

¹⁹ It is a guilt offering; he certainly was guilty before Yahweh.”