κακία

κακία — kakía

κακία, κακίας, ἡ (κακός) (from Theognis down), the Sept. chiefly for רַע, and רָעָה;

1. malignity, malice, ill-will, desire to injure: Rom 1:29; Eph 4:31; Col 3:8; Tit 3:3; Jas 1:21; 1Pe 2:1.

2. wickedness, depravity: 1Co 5:8 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 120 (114));; Act 8:22 (cf. ); wickedness that is not ashamed to break the laws, 1Pe 2:16.

3. Hellenistically, evil, trouble: Mat 6:34 (as Amo 3:6; (1Sa 6:9); Ecc 7:15;; Sir 19:6; 1Ma 7:23, etc.). [SYNONYMS: κακία, πονηρία: associated Rom 1:29; 1Co 5:8. According to Trench, Synonyms, § xi., endorsed by Ellicott (on Eph 4:31) and Lightfoot (on Col 3:8), κακία denotes rather the vicious disposition, πονηρία the active exercise of the same; cf. Xenophon, mem. 1, 2, 28 εἰ μέν αὐτός (i. e. Σωκράτης) ἐποίει τί φαῦλον, εἰκότως ἄν ἐδόκει πονηρός εἶναι. Αἰ δ' αὐτός σωφρονων διετελει, πῶς ἄν δικαίως τῆς οὐκ ἐνούσης αὐτῷ κακίας αἰτίαν ἔχοι; But Fritzsche, Meyer (on Romans, the passage cited; yet cf. Weiss in edition 6), others dissent — seeming nearly to reverse this distinction; cf. Suidas under the word κακία. Ἔστιν ἡ τοῦ κακῶσαι τόν πέλας σπουδή, παρά τῷ ἀποστόλω; see πονηρός, 2 b.]