Jonathan Leads the Counterattack

¹ ⌞One day⌟¹ Jonathan the son of Saul said to ⌞his armor bearer⌟,² “Come and let us go over to the garrison of the Philistines which is over there.” But he did not tell his father.

1. Literally “And it happened the day”
2. Literally “the young man carrying his weapons”

² Now Saul was staying at the outskirts of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree that was in Migron, and the troops that were with him were about six hundred men.

³ Now Ahijah, the son of Ahitub (the brother of Ichabod), the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of Yahweh at Shiloh, was carrying an ephod. The troops did not know that Jonathan had gone.

⁴ Now between the passes where Jonathan sought to go over to the garrison of the Philistines there was a crag of rock ⌞on one side⌟¹ and a crag of rock ⌞on the other⌟.² The name of the one was Bozez and the name of the other was Seneh.

1. Literally “from the beyond from this”
2. Literally “from the beyond from this”

⁵ The one crag on the north was opposite Micmash and the other on the south was opposite Geba.

⁶ So Jonathan said to ⌞his armor bearer⌟,¹ “Come, let us go over to the garrisons of these uncircumcised; perhaps Yahweh will act for us, for there is no hindrance for Yahweh to save by many or by few.”

1. Literally “the young man carrying his weapons”

⁷ And ⌞his armor bearer⌟¹ said, “Do all that is in your heart ⌞that you are inclined to do⌟.² ⌞I am with you all of the way⌟!³

1. Literally “the one carrying his weapons”
2. Literally “turn/incline for yourself”
3. Literally “Behold, I am with you according to your heart”

⁸ Then Jonathan said, “Look, we are about to go over to the men; and we will show ourselves to them.

⁹ If they say to us: ‘Wait until we reach you,’ ⌞then we will stand as we are⌟¹ and not go up to them.

1. Literally “and we will stand under us”

¹⁰ But if they say, ‘Come up to us,’ then we will go up, for Yahweh has given them into our hand, and this will be the sign for us.”

¹¹ So the two of them showed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines, and the Philistines said, “The Hebrews are coming out from the holes in which they have hidden themselves.”

¹² Then the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and ⌞his armor bearer⌟,¹ “Come up to us and we will show you something!” Then Jonathan said to ⌞his armor bearer⌟,² “Come up after me, for Yahweh has given them into the hand of Israel!”

1. Literally “the one carrying his weapons”
2. Literally “the one carrying his weapons”

¹³ So Jonathan went up on his hands and his feet, with ⌞his armor bearer⌟¹ after him. They fell before Jonathan and then ⌞his armor bearer⌟² would kill them after him.

1. Literally “the one carrying his weapons”
2. Literally “the one carrying his weapons”

¹⁴ So was the first attack in which Jonathan and ⌞his armor bearer⌟¹ killed about twenty men within about half of a furrow in an acre of an open field.

1. Literally “the one carrying his weapons”

¹⁵ Then there was terror¹ in the camp, in the open field, and among all the army of the garrison. Even the ⌞raiders⌟² trembled. The earth shook, and it became ⌞a very great panic⌟.³

1. Or “panic”
2. Literally “destroyers”
3. Literally “like the panic/terror of God”; some interpreters understand this to be a panic caused by God, while others understand the expression merely as a superlative (“a very great panic”)

¹⁶ And the lookouts of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin saw ⌞that⌟¹ the multitude ⌞surged back and forth⌟.²

1. Literally “and look”
2. Literally “waved, going here and there”

¹⁷ Saul said to the troops that were with him, “Please call the roll and see who has gone from us.” So they called the roll ⌞and found that⌟¹ Jonathan and ⌞his armor bearer⌟² were not present.

1. Literally “and look”
2. Literally “the one carrying his weapons”

¹⁸ Then Saul said to Ahijah, “Bring near the ark of God”¹ (for the ark of God was ⌞at that time⌟² with the ⌞Israelites⌟).³

1. LXX reads “bring near the ephod”
2. Literally “on that day”
3. Literally “sons/children of Israel”

¹⁹ While¹ Saul was still speaking to the priest, the tumult in the camp of the Philistines ⌞increased more and more⌟,² so Saul said to the priest, “Withdraw your hand!”

1. Hebrew “And”
2. Literally “and it went, going and increasing”

²⁰ Then Saul and all the troops who were with him were assembled on command and came up to the battle, and look! Each Philistine’s sword was against his friend; and there was a very great confusion.

²¹ The Hebrews who had been for the Philistines ⌞previously⌟,¹ who had gone up with them into the camp all around, even they ⌞joined the Israelites⌟² who were with Saul and Jonathan.

1. Literally “as yesterday three days ago”
2. Literally “were with Israel”

²² All the men of Israel who had hidden themselves in the hill country of Ephraim heard that the Philistines had fled, so even they pursued them closely in the battle.

²³ So on that day Yahweh delivered Israel, and the battle shifted to Beth Aven.

Saul’s Oath Leads to Trouble

²⁴ Now the men of Israel were hard pressed on that day, because Saul had made the army take an oath, saying, “Cursed be the man who eats any food until evening, when I will have avenged myself on my enemies!” So none of the army tasted any food.

²⁵ (Now all the people of the land used to go into the forest, for there was honey on the surface of the ground.)

²⁶ When the army came to the forest, look! There was honey flowing, but no one put his hand to his mouth, for the army was afraid of the solemn oath.

²⁷ However, Jonathan had not heard about the oath of his father with the army, so he extended the end of the staff which was in his hand, and he dipped it into the honeycomb.¹ Then he put his hand to his mouth and his eyes gleamed.²

1. Hebrew “the honeycomb of the honey”
2. The Masoretic Hebrew text (Kethib) reads “saw”; the reading tradition (Qere) reads “gleamed”

²⁸ Then a man from the army informed him and said, “Your father made the army swear a solemn oath, saying, ‘Cursed be the man who eats food today,’ ” so the army is exhausted.

²⁹ Then Jonathan said, “My father has brought trouble on the land! See now that my eyes have brightened because I have tasted a little of this honey.

³⁰ ⌞How much more could have been done⌟¹ if the troops had eaten freely today from the plunder of their enemies that they had found! For now the loss among the Philistines is not great.”

1. Literally “even that if”

³¹ They defeated the Philistines that day from Micmash to Aijalon, and the troops were very weary.

³² Then the troops took the plunder: they took sheep and cattle and ⌞calves⌟¹ and slaughtered them on the ground and the troops ate them all with the blood.

1. Literally “the children of cattle”

³³ So they reported it to Saul, saying, “Look! The troops are sinning against Yahweh by eating the animals with the blood!” And he said, “You have dealt treacherously! Roll to me a large stone ⌞today⌟!”¹

1. Literally “the day”

³⁴ Then Saul said, “Disperse yourselves among the troops and say to them, ‘Bring to me each one his ox and each his sheep and slaughter them in this place and eat, but do not sin against Yahweh by eating the animals with the blood.’ ” So all the troops brought them, each leading his ox in his hand that night, and slaughtered it there.

Jonathan Rescued from His Father Saul

³⁵ Then Saul built an altar to Yahweh; ⌞it was the first altar he built⌟¹ to Yahweh.

1. Literally “with it he began to build an altar”

³⁶ Saul said, “Let us go down after the Philistines by night, and let us plunder them until the morning light, and let us not leave alive a man among them.” So they said, “Do all that is good in your eyes.” But the priest said, “Let us draw near to God here.”

³⁷ So Saul inquired of God, “Should I go down after the Philistines? Will you give them into the hand of Israel?” But he did not answer him on that day.