ἄρχων

ἄρχων — árchōn

ἄρχων, ἄρχοντος, ὁ (present participle of the verb ἄρχω) (from Aeschylus down), a ruler, commander, chief, leader: used of Jesus, ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς, Rev 1:5; of the rulers of nations, Mat 20:25; Act 4:26; Act 7:35; universally, of magistrates, Rom 13:3; Act 23:5; especially judges, Luk 12:58; Act 7:27; Act 7:35 (where note the antithesis: whom they refused as ἄρχοντα καί δικαστήν, him God sent as ἄρχοντα — leader, ruler — καί λύτρῳ — τήν); Act 16:19. οἱ ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου those who in the present age (see αἰών, 3) by nobility of birth, learning and wisdom, power and authority, wield the greatest influence, whether among Jews or Gentles, 1Co 2:6; 1Co 2:8; cf. Neander at the passage, p. 62ff Of the members of the Jewish Sanhedrin: Luk 23:13; Luk 23:35; Luk 24:20; Joh 3:1; Joh 7:26; Joh 7:48; Joh 12:42; Act 3:17; Act 4:5; Act 4:8; Act 13:27; Act 14:5. of the officers presiding over synagogues: Mat 9:18; Mat 9:23; Luk 8:41 (ἄρχων τῆς συναγωγῆς, cf. Mar 5:22 ἀρχισυνάγωγος), and perhaps also Luk 18:18; ἄρχων τῶν Φαρισαίων, one who has great influence among the Pharisees, Luk 14:1. of the devil, the prince of evil spirits: (ὁ) ἄρχων τῶν δαιμονίων, Mat 9:34; Mat 12:24; Mar 3:22; Luk 11:15; ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου, the ruler of the irreligious mass of mankind, Joh 12:31; Joh 14:30; Joh 16:11 (in rabbinical writings הָעולָה שַׂר; ἄρχων τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, Ignatius, ad Eph. 19, 1 [ET] (ad Magn. 1, 3 [ET]); ἄρχων τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς ἀνομίας, the Epistle of Barnabas 18, 2 [ET]); τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος, Eph 2:2 (see ἀήρ). (See Hort in Dict. of Chris. Biog., under the word Archon.)