σπέρμα

σπέρμα — spérma

σπέρμα, σπέρματος, τό (σπείρω, which see), from Homer down, Hebrew זֶרַע, the seed (from which anything springs);

a. from which a plant germinates; α. properly, the seed i. e. the grain or kernel which contains within itself the germ of the future plant: plural, Mat 13:32; Mar 4:31; 1Co 15:38 (Exo 16:31; 1Sa 8:15); the singular is used collectively of the grains or kernels sown: Mat 13:24; Mat 13:27; Mat 13:37; 2Co 9:10 (here L Tr σπόρος). β. metaphorically, a seed i. e. a residue. or a few survivors reserved as the germ of a new race (just as seed is kept from the harvest for the sowing), Rom 9:29 after Isa 1:9, where the Sept. for שַׂרִיד (so also Wis 14:6; 1Es 8:85 (87); Josephus, Antiquities 11, 5, 3; 12, 7, 8; Plato, Tim., p. 23{c}).

b. the semen virile; α. properly: Lev 15:16-18; Lev 18:20 f, etc.; (probably also Heb 11:11, cf. καταβολή 1, and see below); often in secular writings. By metonymy the product of this semen, seed, children, offspring, progeny; family, race, posterity (so in Greek chiefly in the tragic poets, cf. Passow, under the word, 2 b. ii., p. 1498 (Liddell and Scott, under the word, II. 3); and זֶרַע very often in the O. T. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 17, 30)); so in the singular, either of one, or collectively of many: Rom 9:7 f; εἰς καταβολήν σπέρματος (see (above, and) καταβολή, 2) Heb 11:11; ἀνισταναι and ἐξανισταναι σπέρμα τίνι, Mat 22:24; Mar 12:19; Luk 20:28 (Gen 38:8); ἔχειν σπέρμα, Mat 22:25; ἀφιέναι σπέρμα τίνι, Mar 12:20-22; τό σπέρμα τίνος, Luk 1:55; Joh 7:42; Joh 8:33; Joh 8:37; Act 3:25; Act 7:5; Act 13:23; Rom 1:3;;; 2Co 11:22; 2Ti 2:8; Heb 2:16; Heb 11:18; in plural: παῖς ἐκ βαιλικων σπερμάτων, of royal descent, Josephus, Antiquities 8, 7, 6; τῶν Αβραμιαίων σπερμάτων ἀπόγονοι, 4Ma 18:1; equivalent to tribes, races, ἄνθρωποι τέ καί ἀνθρώπων σπερμασι νομοθετουμεν τά νῦν, Plato, legg. 9, p. 853 c. By a rabbinical method of interpreting, opposed to the usage of the Hebrew זֶרַע, which signifies the offspring whether consisting of one person or many, Paul lays such stress on the singular number in Gen 13:15; Gen 17:8 as to make it denote but one of Abraham's posterity, and that the Messiah: Gal 3:16, also Gal 3:19; and yet, that the way in which Pard presses the singular here is not utterly at variance with the genius of the Jewish-Greek language is evident from Αβραμιαίων σπερμάτων ἀπόγονοι, 4Ma 18:1, where the plural is used of many descendants ((cf. Delitzsch, Br. a. d. Röm., p. 16 note 2; Lightfoot on Galatians, the passage cited)). τό σπέρμα (Ἀβραάμ) τό ἐκ τοῦ νόμου, the seed which is such according to the decision of the law, physical offspring (see νόμος, 2, p. 428{a}), τό ἐκ πίστεως Ἀβραάμ, those who are called Abraham's posterity on account of the faith by which they are akin to him (see πίστις, 1 b. ἆ., p. 513{b} and ἐκ, II. 7), Rom 4:16; add,;; Gal 3:29; similarly, Christians are called, in Rev 12:17, the σπέρμα of the church (which is likened to a mother, Gal 4:26). β. whatever possesses vital force or life-giving power: τό σπέρμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ((but anarthrous)), the Holy Spirit, the divine energy operating within the soul by which we are regenerated or made the τέκνα τοῦ Θεοῦ, 1Jn 3:9.