Leadership and Humility

¹ Therefore I, your fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and¹ also a sharer of the glory that is going to be revealed, exhort the elders among you:

1. *The conjunction “and” is supplied here to make it clear that the following phrase refers also to the author of the letter and not to Christ

² shepherd the flock of God among you, exercising oversight not by compulsion but willingly, in accordance with God, and not greedily but eagerly,

³ and not as lording it over ⌞those under your care⌟¹, but being examples for the flock.

1. Literally “the portion”

⁴ And when¹ the chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the unfading crown of glory.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“appears”)

⁵ In the same way, younger men, be subject to the elders, and all of you clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.

⁶ Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, so that he may exalt you at the right time,

⁷ casting all your cares on him, because ⌞he cares⌟¹ for you.

1. Literally “it is a care to him”

⁸ Be sober; be on the alert. Your adversary the devil walks around like a roaring lion, looking for someone to devour.

⁹ ⌞Resist him⌟¹, steadfast in your² faith, because you³ know the same kinds of sufferings are being accomplished by your community of believers in the world.

1. Literally “to whom resist”
2. Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“know”) which is understood as causal

¹⁰ And the God of all grace, who called you to his eternal glory in Christ,¹ after you² have suffered for a short time, will himself restore, confirm, strengthen, and establish you.

1. Some manuscripts have “in Christ Jesus”
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“have suffered”) which is understood as temporal

¹¹ To him be the power ⌞forever and ever⌟¹.² Amen.

1. Literally “to the ages of the ages”
2. Some manuscripts have “forever” (literally “to the ages”)

Conclusion and Final Greetings

¹² Through Silvanus, the faithful brother (as I consider him), I have written to you ⌞briefly⌟¹ to encourage you and to attest that this is the true grace of God. Stand firm in it.

1. Literally “by a few”

¹³ She who is in Babylon, chosen the same as you, greets you, and so does my son Mark.

¹⁴ Greet one another with a loving kiss. Peace to all of you who are in Christ.