δίδωμι

δίδωμι — dídōmi

δίδωμι (διδῶ, Rev 3:9 L T WH; (διδῶ Tr, yet see WH Appendix, p. 167)), 3 person plural διδοασι (Rev 17:13 (not Rec.)), imperative δίδου (Mat 5:42 R G); imperfect 3 person singular ἐδίδου, 3 person plural ἐδίδουν (ἐδίδοσαν, Joh 19:3 L T Tr WH (see ἔχω)); future δώσω; 1 aorist ἔδωκα (2 person singular ἐδωκες, Joh 17:7 Tr marginal reading, 8 Tr marginal reading; cf. references under the word κοπιάω), subjunctive δώσῃ (and δώσωμεν) from an imaginary indicative form ἐδωσα (Mar 6:37 T Tr marginal reading); Joh 17:2 (Tr marginal reading WH δώσει); Rev 8:3 (L T Tr WH δώσει; cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 720f; Buttmann, 36 (31); Winers Grammar, 79 (76); (Veitch, under the word δίδωμι at the end, also Sophocles Lexicon, under the word, and especially the Introduction, p. 40; WH's Appendix, p. 172)); perfect δέδωκα (on the interchange between the forms of the pf and of the aorist in this verb cf. Buttmann, 199 (172)); pluperfect ἐδεδώκειν and without augment (Winers Grammar, § 12, 9; Buttmann, 33 (29)) δεδώκειν, Mar 14:44; and L text T Tr WH in Luk 19:15; Luk 3:1-38 person plural δεδώκεισαν, Joh 11:57; Joh 2:1-25 aorist subjunctive 3 person singular δῷ (δῴη, Joh 15:16 Tr marginal reading; Eph 1:17 WH marginal reading; 2Ti 2:25 L WH marginal reading; δοῖ, Mar 8:37 T Tr WH; cf. Buttmann, 46 (40); WH's Appendix, p. 168; Kuenen and Cobet, praef., p. lxi.), plural δῶμεν, δῶτε, δῶσιν, optative 3 person singular δῴη for δοιή, Rom 15:5; (2Th 3:16); 2Ti 1:16; 2Ti 1:18; ( T Tr WH text; Eph 1:17 R G; R G) and elsewhere among the variants ((cf. Winers Grammar, § 14, 1 g.; Buttmann, 46 (40), cf. § 139, 37 and 62); see (WHs Appendix, as above; Tdf. Proleg., p. 122;) Lob. ad Phryn., p. 346; (Kühner, § 282 Anm. 2; Veitch, under the word δίδωμι at the end)), imperative δός, δότε, infinitive δοῦναι, participle δούς; passive, perfect δέδομαι; 1 aorist ἐδοθην; 1 future δοθήσομαι; cf. Buttmann, 45f (39f); (WH as above): In the Sept. times without number for נָתַן, sometimes for שׂוּם; and for Chaldean יְהַב; (from Homer down); to give;

A. absolutely and generally: μακάριον ἐστι μᾶλλον διδόναι, ἡ λαμβάνειν, Act 20:35.

B. In construction;

I. τίνι τί, to give something to some one — in various senses;

1. of one's own accord to give one something, to his advantage; to bestow, give as a gift: Mat 4:9; Luk 1:32; Luk 12:32, and often δόματα (cf. Buttmann, 148 (129)), Mat 7:11; Luk 11:13; Eph 4:8 (Psalm 67:19 ); τά ὑπάρχοντα what thou hast τοῖς πτωχοῖς, Mat 19:21; χρήματα, Act 24:26.

2. to grant, give to one asking, let have: Mat 12:39; Mat 14:7; Mat 16:4; Mat 20:23; Mar 6:22; Mar 6:25; Mar 8:12; Mar 10:40; Luk 11:29; Luk 15:16; Joh 11:22; Joh 14:16; Joh 15:16; Joh 16:23; Act 3:6; Jas 1:5; (noteworthy is 1Jn 5:16 δώσει (namely, probably ὁ Θεός) αὐτῷ ζωήν τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν, etc., where αὐτῷ seems to be an ethical dative and τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν dependent on the verb; see Buttmann, 133 (116) note, cf. 179 (156); Winer's Grammar, 523 (487), cf. 530 (494)); in contradistinction from what one claims: Joh 3:27; Joh 19:11.

3. to supply, furnish, necessary things: as ἄρτον τίνι, Mat 6:11; Luk 11:3; Joh 6:32; Joh 6:51; τροφήν, Mat 24:45; βρῶσιν, Joh 6:27; besides in Mat 25:15; Mat 25:28; Mar 2:26; Mar 4:25; Luk 6:4; Luk 8:18; Luk 12:42; Luk 19:24; Luk 19:26; Joh 4:10; Joh 4:14-15; Eph 6:19.

4. to give over, deliver, i. e., a. to reach out, extend, present: as Mat 14:19; Mat 17:27; Mar 6:41; Mar 14:22; Luk 9:16; Luk 22:19; τό ψωμίον, Joh 13:26; τό ποτήριον, Joh 18:11; Rev 16:19; τάς χεῖρας διδόναι, to give one the hand, Act 9:41; Gal 2:9.

b. of a writing: ἀποστάσιον, Mat 5:31.

c. to give to one's care, intrust, commit; aa. something to be administered; universally: παντί ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, Luk 12:48; property, money, Mat 25:15; Luk 19:13; Luk 19:15; ἀμπελῶνα, a vineyard to be cultivated, Mar 12:9; Luk 20:16; τάς κλείς (κλεῖδας) τεσς βασιλείας. Mat 16:19; τήν κρίσιν, Joh 5:22; κρίμα, Rev 20:4; τήν ἐξουσίαν ἑαυτῶν, Rev 17:13 (not Rec.); τά ἔργα, ἵνα τελειώσω αὐτά, Joh 5:36; τό ἔργον, ἵνα ποιήσω, Joh 17:4; τό ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ, to be declared, Joh 17:11 (not Rec., Joh 17:12 T Tr WH). bb. to give or commit to some one something to be religiously observed: διαθήκην περιτομῆς, Act 7:8; τήν περιτομήν, the ordinance of circumcision, Joh 7:22; τόν νόμον, Joh 7:19; λόγια ζῶντα, Act 7:38.

5. to give what is due or obligatory, to pay: wages or reward, Mat 20:4; Mat 20:14; Mat 26:15; Rev 11:18; ἀργύριον, as a reward, Mar 14:11; Luk 22:5; taxes, tribute, tithes, etc.: Mat 17:27; Mat 22:17; Mar 12:14 (15); Luk 20:22; Luk 23:2; Heb 7:4; θυσίαν namely, τῷ κυρίῳ, Luk 2:24 (θυσίαν ἀποδοῦναι τῷ Θεῷ, Josephus, Antiquities 7, 9, 1); λόγον, render account, Rom 14:12 (L text Tr text ἀποδοῦναι).

6. δίδωμι is joined with nouns denoting an act or an effeet; and a. the act or effect of him who gives, in such a sense that what he is said διδόναι (either absolutely or with the dative of person) he is conceived of as effecting, or as becoming its author. Hence, δίδωμι joined with a noun can often be changed into an active verb expressing the effecting of that which the noun denotes. Thus, διδόναι αἶνον τῷ Θεῷ is equivalent to αἰνεῖν τόν Θεόν, Luk 18:43; ἀπόκρισιν τίνι equivalent to ἀποκρίνεσθαι, Joh 1:22; Joh 19:9; ἐγκοπήν δοῦναι τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ equivalent to ἐνκόπτειν τό εὐαγγέλιον, to hinder (the progress of) the gospel, 1Co 9:12; ἐντολήν τίνι equivalent to ἐντέλλεσθαι τίνι Joh 11:57; Joh 12:49; Joh 13:34; 1Jn 3:23; δόξαν τίνι equivalent to δοξάζειν τίνι (see δόξα, II.); ἐργασίαν, after the Latinoperam dare, take pains, (A. V. give diligence), equivalent to ἐργάζεσθαι, Luk 12:58 (συμβούλιον, cf. the Latinconsilium dare, equivalent to συμβουλεύεσθαι, Mar 3:6 Tr text WH text); διαστολήν τίνι i. q διαστέλλειν τί, 1Co 14:7; παραγγελίαν, 1Th 4:2 παράκλησιν, 2Th 2:16; ἔλεος equivalent to ἐληιν, 2Ti 1:16; 2Ti 1:18 ἀγάπην, show (A. V. bestow), 1Jn 3:1; ἐκδίκησιν 2Th 1:8; βασανισμόν, Rev 18:7; ῤάπισμα equivalent to ῥαπίζειν τινα, Joh 18:22; Joh 19:3; φίλημα equivalent to φιλεῖν τινα, Luk 7:45. or b. the noun denotes something to be done by him to whom it is said to be given: διδόναι τίνι μετάνοιαν, to cause him to repent, Act 5:31; Act 11:18; γνῶσιν σωτηρίας,Luk 1:77; ἐλπίδα τίνι, 2Th 2:16.

7. Joined with nouns denoting strength, faculty, power, virtue, δίδωμι (τίνι τί) is equivalent to: to furnish, endue, (one with a thing): Luk 21:15 (δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα καί σοφίαν); Act 7:10; ἐξουσίαν, Mat 9:8; Mat 10:1; Luk 10:19; Joh 17:2; Rev 2:26; Rev 6:8; Rev 13:7; διάνοιαν, 1Jn 5:20; σύνεσιν, 2Ti 2:7; and in the very common phrase διδόναι τό πνεῦμα. (I'. διδόναι τίνι τίνος to give to one (a part) of etc.: Rev 2:17 (G L T Tr WH) δώσω αὐτῷ τοῦ μάννα, cf. Winers Grammar, 198 (186); Buttmann, 159 (139).)

II. δίδωμι τί without a dative, and δίδωμι τινα.

1. δίδωμι τί;

a. with the force of to cause, produce, give forth from oneself: ὑετόν, from heaven, Jas 5:18; καρπόν, Mat 13:8; Mar 4:7-8 f (Deu 25:19; Sir 23:25); σημεῖα, Mat 24:24; Mar 13:22 (not Tdf.); Act 2:19 (Exo 7:9; Deu 13:1, etc.); ὑπόδειγμα, Joh 13:15; φέγγος, Mat 24:29; Mar 13:24 (φῶς, Isa 13:10); φωνήν, 1Co 14:7 f; διά τῆς γλώσσης λόγον, 1Co 14:9; γνώμην, to give one's opinion, to give advice, 1Co 7:25; 2Co 8:10.

b. διδόναι κλήρους (גּורָל נָתַן, Lev 16:8), to give, i. e. hand out lots, namely, to be cast into the urn (see κλῆρος, 1), Act 1:26.

c. δίδωμι τί with the predicate accusative: Mat 20:28; Mar 10:45 (to give up as a λύτρον); Mat 16:26; Mar 8:37 (to pay as an equivalent).

2. δίδωμι τινα;

a. where the noun refers to the office one bears, to appoint: κριτάς, Act 13:20.

b. to cause to come forth: δίδωμι ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς τοῦ Σατανᾶ τῶν λεγόντων (namely, τινας (cf. Buttmann, 158 (138); Winer's Grammar, § 59, 4 b.)), Rev 3:9; so also the sea, death, Hades, are said to give (up) the dead who have been engulfed or received by them, Rev 20:13.

3. δίδωμι τινα τίνι;

a. to give one to some one as his own: as the object of his saving care, Heb 2:13; to give one to someone, to follow him as a leader and master, Joh 6:37; Joh 6:39; Joh 10:29; Joh 17:6; Joh 17:9; Joh 17:12 (but see B. I. 4.

c. aa. above),;; in these passages God is said to have given certain men to Christ, i. e. to have disposed them to acknowledge Christ as the author and medium of their salvation, and to enter into intimate relations with him, hence Christ calls them 'his own' (τά ἐμά, Joh 10:14).

b. to give one to some one to care for his interests: Joh 3:16 (ἔδωκεν namely, αὐτῷ, i. e. τῷ κόσμῳ); Act 13:21.

c. to give one to some one to whom he already belonged, to return: Luk 7:15 ( ἀπεδωκε (so L marginal reading in Luk 7:15)).

d. δίδωμι ἐμαυτόν τίνι, to one demanding of me something, I give myself up as it were; an hyperbole for disregarding entirely my private interests, I give as much as ever I can: 2Co 8:5.

4. δίδωμι τινα with a predicate accusative: ἑαυτόν τύπον, to render or set forth oneself as an example, 2Th 3:9; with a predicate of dignity, office, function, and a dative of the person added for whose benefit some one invested with said dignity or office is given, that is, is bestowed: αὐτόν ἔδωκεν κεφαλήν ὑπέρ πάντα τῇ ἐκκλησία, head over all things to the church, Eph 1:22; ἔδωκεν τούς μέν ἀποστόλους κτλ., namely, τῇ ἐκκλησία, Eph 4:11. For in neither of these passages are we obliged, with many interpreters, to translate the word appointed, made, after the use of the Hebrew נָתַן; especially since in the second Paul seems wish to confirm the words quoted in Eph 4:8, ἔδωκε δόματα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. Those in the church whom Christ has endued with gifts and functions for the common advantage the apostle reckons among the δόματα given by him after his ascension to heaven.

III. Phrases in which to the verb δίδωμι, either standing alone or joined to cases, there is added:

1. an infinitive, either alone or with an accusative; δίδωμι τίνι followed by an infinitive denoting the object: δίδωμι τίνι φαγεῖν, give, supply, something to eat, give food (Buttmann, 261 (224); Winer's Grammar, 318f (299)), Mat 14:18; Mat 25:35; Mat 25:42; Mar 6:37; Mar 5:43; Luk 8:55; Luk 9:13; Rev 2:7; πιεῖν, Joh 4:7; Joh 4:10; with the addition of an object accusative depending on the φαγεῖν or πιεῖν: Mat 27:34; Mar 15:23 (R G L); with an accusative added depending on the verb δίδωμι: Joh 6:31 Rev 16:6; followed by an infinitive indicating design (cf. Buttmann, as above), to grant or permit one to etc.: Luk 1:73 f (δοῦναι ἡμῖν ἀφόβως λατρεύειν αὐτῷ); Joh 5:26; Act 4:29; Rom 15:5; Eph 3:16; Rev 3:21; Rev 6:4; Rev 7:2; (followed by εἰς, with the infinitive: Rom 15:16, cf. Buttmann, 265 (228)); by a construction borrowed from the Hebrew, καί δώσω τοῖς... καί προφητεύσουσι, Rev 11:3; in the passive, Mat 13:12; Mar 4:11 (ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι (G L T Tr WH omit γνῶναι) to you it has been granted etc.); followed by the accusative and the infinitive: δῴη (L T Tr WH δῷ) ὑμῖν... κατοικῆσαι τόν Χριστόν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν, Eph 3:16 f; ἔδωκεν αὐτόν ἐμφανῆ γενέσθαι, Act 10:40; οὐ δώσεις τόν ὅσιον σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν (from Psalm 15:10, Act 2:27; Act 13:35.

2. δίδωμι τίνι, followed by ἵνα, to grant or permit, that, etc. (Buttmann, 238 (205) Winer's Grammar, 337 (316), cf. 545 (507)): Mar 10:37; Rev 19:8. to commission, Rev 9:5.

IV. δίδωμι τί, or τίνι τί, or τίνι or τινα, followed by a preposition with a noun (or pronoun);

1. τίνι ἐκ τίνος (cf. Winers Grammar, § 28, 1; Buttmann, 159 (139)): δότε ἡμῖν (a part) ἐκ τοῦ ἐλαίου ὑμῶν, Mat 25:8; ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων, easily to be supplied from the context, Mar 2:26; Luk 6:4; ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν, 1Jn 4:13; otherwise in Joh 3:34 ὁ Θεός οὐ δίδωσι τό πνεῦμα ἐκ μέτρου, by measure, i. e. according to measure, moderately (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 51, 1 d.); otherwise in Rev 3:9 δίδωμι ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς (see II. 2 b. above). τίνι ἀπό τίνος: Luk 20:10 ἵνα ἀπό τί καρποῦ τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος δῶσιν (L T Tr WH δώσουσιν) αὐτῷ, namely, the portion due. Τί followed by εἰς with a noun, to give something to put into, Luk 6:38 μέτρον δώσουσιν εἰς τόν κόλπον ὑμῶν (shall they give, i. e. pour into your bosom), or upon, Luk 15:22 δότε δακτύλιον εἰς τήν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ (put a ring on his hand); εἰς τόν ἀγρόν, for the field, to pay its price, Mat 27:10; τίνι τί εἰς τάς χεῖρας, to commit a thing to one, deliver it into one's power: Joh 13:3 (Hebrew פּ בְּיַד נָתַן, Gen 9:2; Gen 14:20; Exo 4:21); εἰς τήν διάνοιαν, or ἐπί τάς καρδίας (Jeremiah 38:33 ), put into the mind, fasten upon the heart, Heb 8:10; Heb 10:16; or εἰς τῆς καρδίας with an infinitive of the thing, Rev 17:17; (Xenophon, Cyril 8, 2, 20 διδόναι τίνι τί εἰς τήν ψυχήν). ἑαυτόν διδόναι εἰς with the accusative of place, to betake oneself somewhere, to go into some place: Act 19:31 (εἰς τόπους παραβολους, Polybius 5, 14, 9; εἰς τόπους τραχεῖς, Diodorus 14, 81; εἰς τάς ἐρημίας, Diodorus 5, 59; Josephus, Antiquities 15, 7, 7; εἰς κώμην τινα, Josephus, Antiquities 7, 9, 7).

2. δίδωμι τί ἐν τίνι, i. e. to be or remain in, so that it is in (cf. Winers Grammar, 414 (386); Buttmann, 329 (283)): ἐν τῇ χειρί τίνος, Joh 3:35; ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις, 2Co 1:22; ἐν τῇ καρδία τίνος, 2Co 8:16 (cf. 1Ki 10:24); εἰρήνην δοῦναι ἐν τῇ γῆ to bring peace to be on earth, Luk 12:51.

3. δίδωμι τί ὑπέρ τίνος, give up for etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 383f (358f)): Joh 6:51; ἑαυτόν ὑπέρ τίνος, Tit 2:14; ἑαυτόν ἀντίλυτρον ὑπέρ τίνος, 1Ti 2:6; ἑαυτόν περί (R WH text ὑπέρ; cf. περί, the passage cited δ.) τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν, for sins, i. e. to expiate them, Gal 1:4.

4. διδόναι τίνι κατά τά ἔργα, τήν πρᾶξιν, to give one according to his works, to render to one the reward of his deeds: Rev 2:23 (Psa 27:4 ); (cf. ἀποδώσει Mat 16:27; Rom 2:6).

5. Hebraistically, δέδωκα ἐνώπιον σου θύραν ἀνεῳγμένην I have set before thee a door opened, i. e. have caused the door to be open to thee, Rev 3:8. [SYNONYMS: διδόναι, δωρεῖσθαι: διδόναι, to give in general, antithetic to λαμβάνειν; δωρεῖσθαι specific, to bestow, present; διδόναι might be used even of evils, but δωρεῖσθαι could be used of such things only ironically; see δόμα, at the end. Compare: ἀναδίδωμι, ἀποδίδωμι, ἀνταποδίδωμι, διαδιαδωμι, ἐκδίδωμι, ἐπιδίδωμι μεταδίδωμι, παραδίδωμι προδίδωμι.]