παρακαλέω

παρακαλέω — parakaléō

παρακαλέω, παρακαλῶ; imperfect 3 person singular παρεκάλει, 1 and 3 person plural παρεκάλουν; 1 aorist παρεκάλεσα; passive, present παρακαλοῦμαι; perfect παρακέκλημαι; 1 aorist παρεκλήθην; 1 future παρακληθήσομαι; from Aeschylus and Herodotus down;

I. as in Greek writings to call to one's side, call for, summon: τινα, with an infinitive indicating the purpose, Act 28:20 (others (less naturally) refer this to II. 2, making the accusative the subjunctive of the infinitive).

II. to address, speak to (call to, call on), which may be done in the way of exhortation, entreaty, comfort, instruction, etc.; hence, result a variety of senses, on which see Knapp, Scripto varii arg. edition 2, p. 117ff; cf. Fritzsche, Ep. ad Romans, i., p. 32f.

1. as in Greek authors, to admonish, exhort: absolutely, Luk 3:18; (Act 20:1 (R G omit)); Rom 12:8; 2Ti 4:2; Heb 10:25; 1Pe 5:12; followed by direct discourse, 2Co 5:20; followed by λέγων with direct discourse, Act 2:40; followed by an infinitive where in Latinut, 1Ti 2:1; τινα, Act 15:32; Act 16:40; 2Co 10:1; 1Th 2:12;; 1Ti 5:1; Heb 3:13; τινα λόγῳ πολλῷ, Act 20:2; ἰντα followed by direct discourse, 1Co 4:16; 1Th 5:14; Heb 13:22 (here L WH marginal reading infinitive); 1Pe 5:1 f; τινα followed by an infinitive where in Latinut (cf. Buttmann, §§ 140, 1; 141, 2; Winer's Grammar, 332 (311); 335 (315) n.): infinitive present, Act 11:23; Act 14:22; Php 4:2; 1Th 4:10; Tit 2:6; 1Pe 2:11 (here Lachmann adds ὑμᾶς to the infinitive, and WH meg. with manuscripts A C L etc. read ἀπέχεσθε); Jud 1:3; infinitive aorist, Act 27:33; Rom 12:1; Rom 15:30; 2Co 2:8; 2Co 6:1; Eph 4:1; 1Ti 1:3; Heb 13:19; τινα followed by ἵνα with subjunctive (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 42; Winer's Grammar, 335 as above), 1Co 1:10; 1Co 16:15; 2Co 8:6; 1Th 4:1; 2Th 3:12; to enjoin a thing by exhortation (cf. Buttmann, § 141, 2), 1Ti 6:2; Tit 2:15.

2. to beg, entreat, beseech (Josephus, Antiquities 6, 7, 4; (11, 8, 5); often in Epictetus cf. Schweighäuser, Index graecit. Epictetus, p. 411; Plutarch, apophth. regum, Mor. ii, p. 30, Tauchn. edition (vi. 695 edition Reiske; examples from Polybius, Diodorus, Philo, others, in Sophocles' Lexicon, under the word); not thus in the earlier Greek authors except where the gods are called on for aid, in the expressions, παρακαλεῖν Θεούς, so Θεόν in Josephus, Antiquities 6, 2, 2 and 7, 4; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 22)): (absolutely, Phm 1:9 (yet see the commentaries at the passage)); τινα, Mat 8:5; Mat 18:32; Mat 26:53; Mar 1:40; Act 16:9; 2Co 12:18; πολλά, much, Mar 5:23 : τινα περί τίνος, Phm 1:10; followed by direct discourse, Act 9:38 L T Tr WH with λέγων added and direct discourse, Mat 18:29; Mar 5:12; (Luk 7:4 (Tdf. ἠρώτων)); without the accusative. Act 16:15; τινα followed by an infinitive (Winers Grammar, and Buttmann's Grammar, as above), Mar 5:17; Luk 8:41; Act 8:31; Act 19:31; Act 28:14 (1Ma 9:35); τινα followed by ὅπως, Mat 8:34 (here Lachmann ἵνα (see above)); Act 25:2 (4Ma 4:11; Plutarch, Demetr c. 38); τινα followed by ἵνα (Winers Grammar, § 44, 8 a.; Buttmann, § 139, 42), Mat 14:36; Mar 5:18; Mar 6:56; Mar 7:32; Mar 8:22; Luk 8:31 f; (2Co 9:5); τινα ὑπέρ τίνος, ἵνα, 2Co 12:8; πολλά (much) τινα, ἵνα, Mar 5:10; 1Co 16:12; followed by τοῦ μή with an infinitive (Buttmann, § 140, 16 δ.; Winer's Grammar, 325 (305)), Act 21:12; by an infinitive Act 9:38 R G; by an accusative with an infinitive, Act 13:42; Act 24:4; (Rom 16:17). to strive to appease by entreaty: absolutely, 1Co 4:13; τινα, Luk 15:28; Act 16:39 (2Ma 13:23).

3. to console, to encourage and strengthen by consolation, to comfort, (the Sept. for נִחַם; very rarely so in Greek authors, as Plutarch, Oth. 16): absolutely, 2Co 2:7; τινα, 2Co 1:6; 2Co 7:6 f; ἐν with a dative of the thing with which one comforts another, 1Th 4:18; τινα διά παρακλήσεως, 2Co 1:4; with an accusative of the contents, διά τῆς παρακληθῆναι ἧς (for ἥν, see ὅς, ἡ, ὁ, II. 2 c. α.) παρακαλούμεθα, ibid.; in the passive, to receive consolation, be comforted, Mat 2:18; 2Co 13:11; ἐπί τίνι over (in) a thing (see ἐπί, B. 2 a. δ.), 2Co 1:4; of the consolation (comfort) given not in words but by the experience of a happier lot or by a happy issue, equivalent to to refresh, cheer: passive, Mat 5:4 (5); Luk 16:25; Act 20:12; 2Co 7:13 (where a full stop must be put after παρακεκλήμεθα; ἐν τίνι, by the help of a thing, 2Co 7:6 f; ἐπί τίνι, 1Th 3:7; with (ἐν) παρακλήσει added, 2Co 7:7.

4. to encourage, strengthen (i. e. in the language of A. V. comfort (see Wright, Bible Word-Book, 2nd edition, under the word)) (in faith, piety, hope): τάς καρδίας, your hearts, Eph 6:22; Col 2:2; Col 4:8; 2Th 2:17, (also χεῖρας ἀσθενεῖς, Job 4:3 for חִזַק; γόνατα παραλελυμένα, Isa 35:3 f (see the Hebrew) for אִמֵּץ).

5. it combines the ideas of exhorting and comforting and encouraging in Rom 12:8; 1Co 14:31; 1Th 3:2.

6. to instruct, teach: ἐν τῇ διδασκαλία, Tit 1:9. (Compare: συμπαρακαλέω.)