ἵστημι

ἵστημι — hístēmi

ἵστημι, more rarely ἱστάω (((from Herodotus down; cf. Veitch, under the word)) ἱστῶμεν, Rom 3:31 R G) and ἱστάνω (((late; cf. Veitch, under the word)) ἱστάνομεν, Rom 3:31 L T Tr WH) (cf. Buttmann, 44f (38f); Winers Grammar, § 14,1f.; 87 (83); WHs Appendix, p. 168; Veitch, p. 337f); future στήσω; 1 aorist ἔστησα; 2 aorist ἔστην, imperative στῆθι, infinitive στῆναι, participle στάς; perfect ἕστηκα (with present force; Winer's Grammar, 274 (257)), infinitive ἑστάναι (Relz st bez G Tr ἑστάναι in Act 12:14) (nowhere ἑστηκεναι), participle masculine ἑστηκώς with neuter ἑστηκός, and in the shorter form ἑστώς, ἑστῶσα (Joh 8:9), with neuter ἑστώς and (L T Tr WH in Mat 24:15 (here Rst also); Rev 14:1) ἑστός (cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. ii., p. 208; (Rutherford, Babrius, p. 39f; Winers Grammar, § 14, 1 i.; Buttmann, 48 (41))); pluperfect εἱστήκειν ((but WH uniformly ἱστ.; see Iota) with force of imperfect Winer's Grammar, 274 (257)), 3 person plural εἱστήκεισαν (Mat 12:46; Joh 18:18; Act 9:7 and L T Tr WH in Rev 7:11) and ἑστήκεσαν (Rev 7:11 R G (cf. Winers Grammar, § 14, 1 a.; yet Buttmann, 43 (38))); passive, 1 aorist ἐστάθην; 1 future σταθήσομαι; 1 future middle στήσομαι (Rev 18:15);

I. Transitively in the present, imperfect, future, and 1 aorist active; likewise in the tenses of the passive (cf. Buttmann, 47 (41) contra Winers Grammar, 252 (237)) (the Sept. for הֶעֱמִיד, הֵקִים, הִצִּיב); (from Homer down); to cause or make to stand; to place, put, set;

1. universally, α. properly, τινα, to bid to stand by (set up): Act 1:23; Act 6:13; in the presence of others: ἐν μέσῳ, in the midst, Joh 8:3, and ἐν τῷ μέσῳ, Act 4:7; ἐνώπιον τίνος, Act 6:6; before judges: εἰς αὐτούς, before the members of the Sanhedrin, Act 22:30; ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ, Act 5:27; ἐπί with the genitive of the judge, passive σταθήσεσθε, Mar 13:9; τινα ἄμωμον κατενώπιον τίνος, to (set one i. e.) cause one to make his appearance faultless before etc. Jud 1:24; to place (i. e. designate the place for one to occupy): ἐν μέσῳ τινων, Mat 18:2; Mar 9:36; παῥ ἑαυτῷ, Luk 9:47; ἐκ δεξιῶν, Mat 25:33; ἐπί τί (accusative of place), Mat 4:5; Luk 4:9. Middle to place oneself, to stand (German sichhinstellen,hintreten): ἀπό μακρόθεν, Rev 18:15; likewise in the passive: σταθείς, Luk 18:11; Luk 18:40; Luk 19:8; (ἐστάθησαν σκυθρωποί they stood still, looking sad, Luk 24:17 T WH Tr text (cf. II. 1 b. β.)); Act 2:14; Act 11:13; with ἐν μέσῳ τίνος, τινων, added, Act 17:22; Act 27:21; σταθέντες, when they had appeared (before the judge), Act 25:18. β. tropically, to make firm, fix, establish: τί, τινα, to cause a person or thing to keep his or its place; passive to stand, be kept intact (of a family, a kingdom): Mat 12:25 ff; Luk 11:18; equivalent to to escape in safety, Rev 6:17; with ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου added, Luk 21:36; στῆσαι τινα, to cause one to preserve a right state of mind, Rom 14:4 (see Meyer); passive σταθήσεται, shall be made to stand, i. e. shall be kept from falling, ibid. τί, to establish a thing, cause it to stand, i. e. to uphold or sustain the authority or force of anything: Heb 10:9 (opposed to ἀναιρεῖν); τήν παράδοσιν, Mar 7:9; τήν ἰδίαν δικαιοσύνην, Rom 10:3; τόν νόμον (opposed to κατάργω), Rom 3:31 (τόν ὅρκον, Gen 26:3; τήν διαθήκην, Exo 6:4; 1Ma 2:27). equivalent to to ratify, confirm: σταθῇ, σταθήσεται πᾶν ῤῆμα, Mat 18:16; 2Co 13:1. to appoint (cf. colloquial English set): ἡμέραν, Act 17:31; cf. Grimm on 1Ma 4:59.

2. to set or place in a balance; to weigh: money to one (because in very early times, before the introduction of coinage, the metals used to be weighed) i. e. to pay, Mat 26:15 (so in Greek writings from Homer down; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1508b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word A. IV.); the Sept. for שָׁקַל, Isa 46:6; Jer 39:9 ff (ff); Zec 11:12; 1Es 8:25 ff; etc.); this furnishes the explanation of the phrase μή στήσῃς αὐτοῖς τήν ἁμαρτίαν ταύτην, do not reckon to them, call them to account for, this sin (A. V. lay not this sin to their charge), Act 7:60 ((cf. Meyer at the passage)).

II. Intransitively in the perfect and pluperfect (having the sense of a present and an imperfect (see above)), also in 2 aorist active, to stand; the Sept. for נִצַּב עָמַד קוּם;

1. properly,

a. followed by prepositions or adverbs of place: followed by ἐν with the dative of place (cf. Buttmann, 329 (283)), Mat 6:5; Mat 20:3; Mat 24:15; Luk 24:36; Joh 8:9; Joh 11:56; Act 5:25; Act 7:33 (L T Tr WH ἐπί with the dative); Rev 5:6; Rev 19:17; ἐνώπιον τίνος, Act 10:30; Rev 7:9; Rev 8:2; Rev 11:4; Rev 12:4; πρός with the dative of place, Joh 18:16; ἐπί with the genitive of place (German auf, upon), Luk 6:17; Act 21:40; Rev 10:5; Rev 10:8; with the genitive of the judge or tribunal, before (cf. ἐπί, A. I. 2 b.), Act 24:20; Act 25:10; πέραν with the genitive of place, Joh 6:22; πρό, Act 5:23 (R G; but L T Tr WH ἐπί τῶν θυρῶν (at, German an; cf. above and see ἐπί, A. I. 2 a.));; ἔμπροσθεν τίνος, before one as judge, Mat 27:11; κύκλῳ (τίνος), around, Rev 7:11; μέσος ὑμῶν, in the midst of you, living among you, Joh 1:26; ἐκ δεξιῶν τίνος, Luk 1:11; Act 7:55 f; ἐν μέσῳ, Joh 8:9; πρός with the accusative (G L T Tr WH with the dative (see πρός, II.)) of place, Joh 20:11; ἐπί with the accusative of place (see ἐπί, C. I.), Mat 13:2; Rev 3:20; Rev 7:1; Rev 14:1; Rev 15:2; ἐπί τούς πόδας, to stand upright, Act 26:16; Rev 11:11; παρά with the accusative, Luk 5:2; Luk 7:38; εἰς, Joh 21:4 (L T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading ἐπί (see ἐπί, C. I. 1 d.)); ἐκεῖ, Mat 27:47; Mar 11:5; Jas 2:3; ὧδε, Mat 16:28; Mat 20:6; Mar 9:1; Luk 9:27 (here T Tr WH αὐτοῦ, which see); ὅπου, Mar 13:14; ἔξω, Mat 12:46-47 (here WH in marginal reading only); Mar 3:31; Luk 8:20; Luk 13:25; μακρόθεν, Luk 18:13; Luk 23:49 (R G Tr text); ἀπό, μακρόθεν, Rev 18:10; Rev 18:17; (Luk 23:49 L T WH Tr marginal reading (but ἀπό in brackets)); πόρρωθεν, Luk 17:12.

b. absolutely; α. to stand by, stand near (in a place already mentioned, so that the reader readily understands where): Mat 26:73; Joh 1:35; Joh 3:29; Joh 7:37; Joh 12:29; Joh 18:18; Joh 18:25; Joh 20:14; Act 16:9; Act 22:25; with a participle or adjective (indicating the purpose or act or condition of the one standing): Mat 20:6; Luk 23:10; Act 1:11; Act 9:7; Act 26:6; opposed to καθίζειν, Heb 10:11 f β. if what is said to stand had been in motion (walking, flowing, etc.), to stop, stand still: Mat 2:9 (Rec. ἔστη, L T Tr WH ἐστάθη (cf. I. 1 a.)); Mat 20:32; Mar 10:49; Luk 8:44; Act 8:38. γ. contextually, to stand immutable, stand firm, of the foundation of a building: 2Ti 2:19.

2. metaphorically,

a. to stand, i. e. continue safe and sound, stand unharmed: Act 26:22.

b. to stand ready or prepared: with a participle, Eph 6:14.

c. to be of a steadfast mind; so in the maxim in 1Co 10:12.

d. followed by a participle of quality, Col 4:12; ὅς ἕστηκεν ἑδραῖος, who does not hesitate, does not waver, 1Co 7:37; in a figure, of one who vanquishes his adversaries and holds the ground, Eph 6:13; also of one who in the midst of the fight holds his position πρός τινα, against the foe, Eph 6:11 (cf. Exo 14:13; Psa 35:13. to persist, continue, persevere: τῇ πίστει, dative commodi (so as not to fall from thy faith (others take the dative instrumentally, by thy faith; cf. Winers Grammar, § 31, 6 c.; Buttmann, § 133, 24)), Rom 11:20; ἐν τῇ ἀλήθεια, Joh 8:44 (where the meaning is, his nature abhors, is utterly estranged from, the truth; Vulg. incorrectly,inveritatenonstetit; Luther,istnichtbestanden (A. V. abode not etc.); but the Zürich version correctly,bestehtnicht (WH read ἔστηκεν, imperfect of στήκω, which see)); ἐν τῇ χάριτι, Rom 5:2; ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, 1Co 15:1; εἰς ἥν (namely, χάριν) ἑστήκατε, into which ye have entered, that ye may stand fast in it, 1Pe 5:12 (but L T Tr WH read στῆτε (2 aorist active imperative 2 person plural) enter and stand fast; Buttmann, § 147, 16, cf. p. 329 (283)). Note: From ἕστηκα is formed the verb στήκω, which see in its place. (Compare: ἀνίστημι, ἐπανίστημι, ἐξανίστημι, ἀνθίστημι, ἀφίστημι, διΐστημι, ἐνίστημι, ἐξίστημι, ἐπιστημι (ἐπίστημαι), ἐφίστημι, κατεφιστημι, συνεφίστημι, καθίστημι, ἀντικαθίστημι, ἀποκαθίστημι, μεθίστημι, παρίστημι, περιΐστημι, προστημι, συνίστημι.)