ἁμαρτωλός

ἁμαρτωλός — hamartōlós

ἁμαρτωλός, (from the form ἁμάρτω, as φειδωλός from φείδομαι), devoted to sin, a (masculine or feminine) sinner. In the N. T. distinctions are so drawn that one is called ἁμαρτωλός who is,

a. not free from sin. In this sense all men are sinners; as, Mat 9:13; Mar 2:17; Luk 5:8; Luk 5:32; Luk 13:2; Luk 18:13; Rom 3:7; Rom 5:1-21 :(8),19; 1Ti 1:15; Heb 7:26.

b. pre-eminently sinful, especially wicked; (α.). universally: 1Ti 1:9; Jud 1:15; Mar 8:38; Luk 6:32-34; Luk 7:37; Luk 7:39; Luk 15:7; Luk 15:10; Joh 9:16; Joh 9:24 f. Joh 9:31; Gal 2:17; Heb 12:3; Jas 4:8; Jas 5:20; 1Pe 4:18; ἁμαρτία itself is called ἁμαρτωλός, Rom 7:13. (β.) specifically, of men stained with certain definite vices or crimes, e. g. the tax-gatherers: Luk 15:2; Luk 18:13; Luk 19:7; hence, the combination τελῶναι καί ἁμαρτωλοί, Mat 9:10; Mat 11:19; Mar 2:15; Luk 5:30; Luk 7:34; Luk 15:1. heathen, called by the Jews sinners κατ' ἐξοχήν (1Ma 1:34 1Ma 2:48; 1Ma 2:62; Tob 13:6): Mat 26:45 (?); Mar 14:41; Luk 24:7; Gal 2:15. (The word is found often in the Sept., as the equivalent of חֹטֵא and רָשָׁע, and in the O. T. Apocrypha; very seldom in Greek writings, as Aristotle, eth. Nic. 2, 9, p. 1109, 33; Plutarch, de audiend. poët. 7, p. 25 c.)