All our good comes through Christ. He is our peace.

¹ And you were once dead in your sins and offenses,

² in which you walked in times past, according to the age of this world, according to the prince of the power of this sky, the spirit who now works in the sons of distrust.¹

1. 2:2The word ‘aeris’ can refer to sky or atmosphere or to the elements of this world (air, fire, earth, water). The prince referred to is the devil, a spirit who works in those who reject faith and trust in God.(Conte)

³ And we too were all conversant in these things, in times past, by the desires of our flesh, acting according to the will of the flesh and according to our own thoughts. And so we were, by nature, sons of wrath, even like the others.

⁴ Yet still, God, who is rich in mercy, for the sake of his exceedingly great charity with which he loved us,

⁵ even when we were dead in our sins, has enlivened us together in Christ, by whose grace you have been saved.

⁶ And he has raised us up together, and he has caused us to sit down together in the heavens, in Christ Jesus,

⁷ so that he may display, in the ages soon to arrive, the abundant wealth of his grace, by his goodness toward us in Christ Jesus.

⁸ For by grace, you have been saved through faith. And this is not of yourselves, for it is a gift of God.

⁹ And this is not of works, so that no one may glory.¹

1. 2:9Not of works: as of our own growth, or from ourselves; but as from the grace of God.(Challoner)

¹⁰ For we are his handiwork, created in Christ Jesus for the good works which God has prepared and in which we should walk.

¹¹ Because of this, be mindful that, in times past, you were Gentiles in the flesh, and that you were called uncircumcised by those who are called circumcised in the flesh, something done by man,¹

1. 2:11The implication of this last phrase is that circumcision itself is merely the work of human persons, by itself an external act and sign.(Conte)

¹² and that you were, in that time, without Christ, being foreign to the way of life of Israel, being visitors to the testament, having no hope of the promise, and being without God in this world.

¹³ But now, in Christ Jesus, you, who were in times past far away, have been brought near by the blood of Christ.

¹⁴ For he is our peace. He made the two into one, by dissolving the intermediate wall of separation, of opposition, by his flesh,

¹⁵ emptying the law of commandments by decree, so that he might join these two, in himself, into one new man, making peace

¹⁶ and reconciling both to God, in one body, through the cross, destroying this opposition in himself.

¹⁷ And upon arriving, he evangelized peace to you who were far away, and peace to those who were near.

¹⁸ For by him, we both have access, in the one Spirit, to the Father.

¹⁹ Now, therefore, you are no longer visitors and new arrivals. Instead, you are citizens among the saints in the household of God,

²⁰ having been built upon the foundation of the Apostles and of the Prophets, with Jesus Christ himself as the preeminent cornerstone.

²¹ In him, all that has been built is framed together, rising up into a holy temple in the Lord.

²² In him, you also have been built together into a habitation of God in the Spirit.