ἔχω

ἔχω — échō

ἔχω; future ἕξω; imperfect εἶχον (1 person plural ἐιχαμεν, 2Jn 1:5 T Tr WH), 3 person plural ἐιχαν (Mar 8:7 L T Tr WH; Rev 9:8 L T Tr WH; but cf. (Sophocles Lexicon, Introduction, p. 38; Tdf. Proleg., p. 123; WHs Appendix, p. 165); Buttmann, 40 (35)) and εἴχοσαν (L T Tr WH in Joh 15:22; Joh 15:24; but cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) in Theol. Studien und Kritiken 1858, pp. 485ff 491; see his N. T. Gr., p. 43 (37); (Sophocles Lexicon, Introduction, p. 39; Tdf. Proleg., p. 124; WHs Appendix, p. 165; cf. δολιόω)); present middle participle ἐχόμενος; to have — with 2 aorist active ἔσχον; perfect ἔσχηκα;

I. Transitively.

1. to have equivalent to to hold;

a. to have (hold) in the hand: τί ἐν τῇ χειρί, Rev 1:16; Rev 6:5; Rev 10:2; Rev 17:4; and simply, Rev 5:8; Rev 8:3; Rev 8:6; Rev 14:6, etc.; Heb 8:3.

b. in the sense of wearing (Latingestare); of garments, arms and the like: τό ἔνδυμα, Mat 3:4; Mat 22:12; κατά κεφαλῆς ἔχων, namely, τί, having a covering hanging down from the head, i. e. having the head covered (Buttmann, § 130, 5; Winer's Grammar, § 47, k. cf. 594 (552)), 1Co 11:4; θώρακας, Rev 9:17; μάχαιραν, Joh 18:10; add Mat 26:7; Mar 14:3; of a tree having (bearing) leaves, Mar 11:13; ἐν γαστρί ἔχειν, namely, ἔμβρυον, to be pregnant (cf. Winers Grammar, 594 (552); Buttmann, 144 (126)) (see γαστήρ, 2). Metaphorically, ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν τό ἀπόκριμα, 2Co 1:9; τήν μαρτυρίαν, 1Jn 5:10; ἐν καρδία ἔχειν τινα, to have (carry) one in one's heart, to love one constantly, Php 1:7.

c. tropically, to have (hold) possession of the mind; said of alarm, agitating emotions, etc.: ἐίχειν αὐτάς τρόμος καί ἔκστασις, Mar 16:8 (Job 21:6; Isa 13:8, and often in secular authors; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1294f; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. 8)).

d. to hold fast, keep: ἡ μνᾶ σου, ἥν εἶχον ἀποκειμένην ἐν σουδαρίῳ, Luk 19:20; tropically, τόν Θεόν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, Rom 1:28; to keep in mind, τάς ἐντολάς, Joh 14:21 (see ἐντολή, under the end); τήν μαρτυρίαν, Rev 6:9; Rev 12:17; Rev 19:10; τό μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως ἐν καθαρά συνειδήσει, 1Ti 3:9; ὑποτύπωσιν ὑγιαινόντων λόγων, 2Ti 1:13.

e. to have (in itself or as a consequence), comprise, involve: ἔργον, Jas 1:4; Jas 2:17; κόλασιν, 1Jn 4:18; μισθαποδοσίαν, Heb 10:35 (Wis 8:16). See examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1296f; (Liddell and Scott, see A. I. 8 and 10).

f. by a Latinism equivalent toaestimo, to regard, consider, hold as (but this sense is still denied by Meyer, on Luke as below; Mat 14:5): τινα with the accusative of the predicate, ἔχε με παρῃτημένον, have me excused, Luk 14:18; τινα ὡς προφήτην, Mat 14:5; Mat 21:26 (ἔχειν Ἰαννην καί Ἰαμβρην ὡς Θεούς, Ev. Nicod. 5); τινα ἔντιμον (see ἔντιμος), Php 2:29; τήν ψυχήν μου (G omits μου) τιμίαν ἐμαυτῷ, Act 20:24 R G; τινα εἰς προφήτην (a Hebraism (see εἰς, B. II. 3 c. Ψ. at the end)), for a prophet, Mat 21:46 L T Tr WH, cf. Buttmann, § 131, 7; τινα, ὅτι ὄντως (T Tr WH ὄντως, ὅτι etc.) προφήτης ἦν, Mar 11:32, cf. Buttmann, § 151, 1 a.; (Winer's Grammar, § 66, 5 a.).

2. to have equivalent to to own, possess;

a. external things such as pertain to property, riches, furniture, utensils, goods, food, etc.: as τόν βίον, Luk 21:4; 1Jn 3:17; κτήματα, Mat 19:22; Mar 10:22; θησαυρόν, Mat 19:21; Mar 10:21; ἀγαθά, Luk 12:19; πρόβατα Luk 15:4; Joh 10:16; δραχμάς, Luk 15:8; πλοῖα, Rev 18:19; κληρονομίαν, Eph 5:5; (cf. Mat 21:38 LT Tr WH, where R G κατάσχωμεν); μέρος followed by ἐν with the dative of the thing, Rev 20:6; θυσιαστήριον, Heb 13:10; ὅσα ἔχεις, Mar 10:21; Mar 12:44; Mat 13:44; Mat 13:46; Mat 18:25; μηδέν, 2Co 6:10; τί δέ ἔχεις, ὁ etc. 1Co 4:7; with a predicate accusative added, εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά, Act 2:44; absolutely ἔχειν, to have property, to be rich: οὐκ and μή ἔχειν (A. V. to have not), to be destitute, be poor, Mat 13:12; Mat 25:29; Mar 4:25; Luk 8:18; Luk 19:26; 1Co 11:22; 2Co 8:12 (Neh 8:10; 1Es 9:51; 1Es 9:54; Sir 13:5; examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1295b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. l; cf. Winer's Grammar, 594 (552))); ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν, in proportion to your means (see ἐκ, II. 13 at the end), 2Co 8:11.

b. Under the head of possession belongs the phrase ἔχειν τινα as commonly used of those joined to anyone by the bonds of nature, blood, marriage, friendship, duty, law, compact, and the like: πατέρα, Joh 8:41; ἀδελφούς, Luk 16:28; ἄνδρα (a husband), Joh 4:17; Gal 4:27; γυναῖκα, 1 Corinthians 7:2, 12f, 29; τέκνα, Mat 21:28; Mat 22:24; 1Ti 3:4; Tit 1:6; υἱούς, Gal 4:22; σπέρμα, offspring, Mat 22:25; χήρας, 1Ti 5:16; ἀσθενοῦντας, Luk 4:40; φίλον, Luk 11:5; παιδαγωγούς, 1Co 4:15; ἔχειν κύριον, to have (be subject to) a master, Col 4:1; δεσπότην, 1Ti 6:2; βασιλέα, Joh 19:15; with ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν added, Rev 9:11; ἔχει τόν κρίνοντα αὐτόν, Joh 12:48; ἔχειν οἰκονόμον, Luk 16:1; δοῦλον, Luk 17:7; ἀρχιερέα, Heb 4:14; Heb 8:1; ποιμένα, Mat 9:36; ἔχων ὑπ' ἐμαυτόν στρατιώτας, Luk 12:8; ἔχειν τόν υἱόν καί τόν πατέρα, to be in living union with the Son (Christ) and the Father by faith, knowledge, profession, 1Jn 2:23; (1Jn 5:12); 2Jn 1:9. With two accusatives, one of which serves as a predicate: πατέρα τόν Ἀβραάμ, Abraham for our father, Mat 3:9; add, Act 13:5; Php 3:17; Heb 12:9; ἔχειν τινα γυναῖκα, to have (use) a woman (unlawfully) as a wife, Mat 14:4; Mar 6:18; 1Co 5:1 (where see Meyer) (of lawful marriage, Xenophon, Cyril 1, 5, 4).

c. of attendance or companionship: ἔχειν τινα μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ, Mat 15:30; Mat 26:11; Mar 2:19; Mar 14:7; Joh 12:8.

d. ἔχειν τί to have a thing in readiness, have at hand, have in store: οὐκ ἔχομεν εἰ μή πέντε ἄρτους, Mat 14:17; add, Mat 15:34; Joh 2:3 (not Tdf.);; 1Co 11:22; 1Co 14:26; οὐκ ἔχω, ὁ παραθήσω αὐτῷ, Luk 11:6; ποῦ συνάξω τούς καρπούς μου, Luk 12:17; τί (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 58) φάγωσι, Mar 8:1 f; ἔχειν τινα, to have one at hand, be able to make use of: Μωϋσέα καί τάς προφήτας, Luk 16:29; παράκλητον, 1Jn 2:1; μάρτυρας, Heb 12:1; οὐδένα ἔχω etc. Php 2:20; ἄνθρωπον, ἵνα etc. Joh 5:7.

e. a person or thing is said ἔχειν those things which are its parts or are members of his body: as χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς, Mat 18:8; Mar 9:43; Mar 9:45; Mar 9:47; οὖς, Rev 2:7; Rev 2:11, etc.; ὦτα, Mat 11:15; Mar 7:16 (T WH omit; Tr brackets the verse); Mar 8:18; μέλη, Rom 12:4; 1Co 12:12; σάρκα καί ὀστέα, Luk 24:39; ἀκροβυστίαν, Act 11:3; an animal is said ἔχειν head, horns, wings, etc.: Rev 4:7; Rev 5:6; Rev 8:9; Rev 9:8 ff; Rev 12:3, etc.; a house, city, or wall, ἔχειν θεμελίους, Heb 11:10; Rev 21:14; στάσιν, Heb 9:8; (add ἐπιστολήν ἔχουσαν (R G περιέχουσαν) τόν τύπον τοῦτον, Act 23:25).

f. one is said to have the diseases or other ills with which he is affected or afflicted: μάστιγας, Mar 3:10; ἀσθενείας, Act 28:9; wounds, Rev 13:14; θλῖψιν, Joh 16:33; 1Co 7:28; Rev 2:10. Here belong the expressions δαιμόνιον ἔχειν, to be possessed by a demon, Mat 11:18; Luk 7:33; Luk 8:27; Joh 7:20; John 8:48f, 52; Joh 10:20; Βηλζεβουλ, Mar 3:22; πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον, Mar 3:30; Mar 7:25; Luk 4:33; Act 8:7; πνεῦμα πονηρόν, Act 19:13; πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας, i. e. a demon causing infirmity, Luk 13:11; πνεῦμα ἄλαλον, Mar 9:17; λεγεῶνα, Mar 5:15.

g. one is said to have intellectual or spiritual faculties, endowments, virtues, sensations, desires, emotions, affections, faults, defects, etc.: σοφίαν, Rev 17:9; γνῶσιν, 1Co 8:1; 1Co 8:10; χαρίσματα, Rom 12:6; προφητείαν, 1Co 13:2; πίστιν, Mat 17:20; Mat 21:21; Mar 11:22; Luk 17:6; Act 14:9; Rom 14:22; 1Ti 1:19; Phm 1:5; πεποίθησιν, 2Co 3:4; Php 3:4; παρρησίαν, Phm 1:8; Heb 10:19; 1Jn 2:28; 1Jn 3:21; 1Jn 4:17; 1Jn 5:14; ἀγάπην, Joh 5:42; Joh 13:35; Joh 15:13; 1Jn 4:16; 1Co 13:1 ff; 2Co 2:4; Php 2:2; Phm 1:5; 1Pe 4:8; ἐλπίδα (see ἐλπίς, 2, p. 206a middle); ζῆλον, zeal, Rom 10:2; envy, jealousy (ἐν τῇ καρδία), Jas 3:14; χάριν τίνι, to be thankful to one, Luk 17:9; 1Ti 1:12; 2Ti 1:3; θυμόν, Rev 12:12; ὑπομονήν, Rev 2:3; φόβον, 1Ti 5:20; χαράν, Phm 1:7 (Rec.st χάριν); 3Jn 1:4 (WH text χάριν); λύπην, Joh 16:21; 2Co 2:3; Php 2:27; ἐπιθυμίαν, Php 1:23; ἐπιποθίαν, Rom 15:23; μνείαν τίνος, 1Th 3:6. συνείδησιν καλήν, ἀγαθήν, ἀπρόσκοπον: Act 24:16; 1Ti 1:19; 1Pe 3:16; Heb 13:18; συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν, Heb 10:2; ἀγνωσίαν Θεοῦ, 1Co 15:34; ἀσθένειαν, Heb 7:28; ἁμαρτίαν, Joh 9:41; Joh 15:22, etc. h. of age and time: ἡλικίαν, mature years (A. V. to be of age), Joh 9:21; Joh 9:23; ἔτη, to have (completed) years, be years old, Joh 8:57; with ἐν τίνι added: in a state or condition, Joh 5:5 (Winers Grammar, 256 (240) note{3}; Buttmann, § 147, 11); in a place, τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ, Joh 11:17; beginning or end, or both, Heb 7:3; Mar 3:26; Luk 22:37 (see τέλος, 1 a.). i. ἔχειν τί is said of opportunities, benefits, advantages, conveniences, which one enjoys or can make use of: βάθος γῆς, Mat 13:5; γῆν πολλήν, Mar 4:5; ἰκμάδα, Luk 8:6; καιρόν, Gal 6:10; Heb 11:15; Rev 12:12; ἐξουσίαν, see ἐξουσία, passim; εἰρήνην διά τίνος, Rom 5:1 (where we must read ἔχομεν, not (with T Tr WH L marginal reading (cf. WH. Introductory § 404)) ἔχωμεν); ἐλευθερίαν, Gal 2:4; πνεῦμα Θεοῦ, 1Co 7:40; πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ, Rom 8:9; νοῦν Χριστοῦ, 1Co 2:16; ζωήν, Joh 5:40; Joh 10:10; Joh 20:31; τήν ζωήν, 1Jn 5:12; ζωήν αἰώνιον, Mat 19:16; John 3:15f, 36 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 266 (249));; 1Jn 5:13; ἐπαγγελίας, 2Co 7:1; Heb 7:6; μισθόν, Mat 5:46; Mat 6:1; 1Co 9:17; τά αἰτήματα, the things which we have asked, 1Jn 5:15; ἔπαινον, Rom 13:3; τιμήν, Joh 4:44; Heb 3:3; λόγον σοφίας, a reputation for wisdom, Col 2:23 (see λόγος, I. 5 at the end); καρπόν, Rom 1:13; Rom 6:21 f; χάριν, benefit, 2Co 1:15 (where Tr marginal reading WH text χαράν); χάρισμα, 1Co 7:7; προσαγωγήν, Eph 2:18; Eph 3:12; ἀνάπαυσιν, Rev 4:8; Rev 14:11; ἀπόλαυσιν τίνος, Heb 11:25; πρόφασιν, Joh 15:22; καύχημα, that of which one may glory, Rom 4:2; Gal 6:4; καύχησιν, Rom 15:17. k. ἔχειν τί is used of one on whom something has been laid, on whom it is incumbent as something to be borne, observed, performed, discharged: ἀνάγκην, 1Co 7:37; ἀνάγκην followed by an infinitive, Luk 14:18; Luk 23:17 (R L brackets Tr marginal reading brackets); Heb 7:27; χρείαν τίνος (see χρεία, 1); εὐχήν ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν, Act 21:23; νόμον, Joh 19:7; ἐντολήν, 2Jn 1:5; Heb 7:5; ἐπιταγήν, 1Co 7:25; διακονίαν, 2Co 4:1; πρᾶξιν, Rom 12:4; ἀγῶνα, Php 1:30; Col 2:1; ἔγκλημα, Act 23:29; κρίμα, 1Ti 5:12. l. ἔχειν τί is used of one to whom something has been intrusted: τάς κλείς, Rev 1:18; Rev 3:7; τό γλωσσόκομον, Joh 12:6; Joh 13:29. m. in reference to complaints and disputes the following phrases are used: ἔχω τί (or without an accusative, cf. Buttmann, 144 (126)) κατά τίνος, to have something to bring forward against one, to have something to complain of in one, Mat 5:23; Mar 11:25; followed by ὅτι, Rev 2:4; ἔχω κατά σου ὀλίγα, ὅτι etc. Rev 2:14 (here L WH marginal reading omit ὅτι), Rev 2:20 (here G L T Tr WH omit ὀλίγα); ἔχω τί πρός τινα, to have some accusation to bring against one, Act 24:19; συζήτησιν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, Act 28:29 (Rec.); ζητήματα πρός τινα, Act 25:19; λόγον ἔχειν πρός τινα, Act 19:38; πρᾶγμα πρός τινα, 1Co 6:1; μομφήν πρός τινα, Col 3:13; κρίματα μετά τίνος, 1Co 6:7. n. phrases of various kinds: ἔχειν τινα κατά πρόσωπον, to have one before him, in his presence (A. V. face to face; see πρόσωπον, 1 a.), Act 25:16; κοίτην ἐκ τίνος, to conceive by one, Rom 9:10; τοῦτο ἔχεις, ὅτι etc. thou hast this (which is praiseworthy (cf. Winer's Grammar, 595 (553))) that etc. Rev 2:6; ἐν ἐμοί οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν, hath nothing in me which is his of right, equivalent to no power over me (German erhatmirnichtsan), Joh 14:30; ὁ ἐστιν... σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν, a sabbath-day's journey distant (for the distance is something which the distant place has, as it were), Act 1:12; cf. Kypke at the passage o. ἔχω, with an infinitive (Winers Grammar, 333 (313); Buttmann, 251 (216)), α. like the Latinhabeoquod with the subjunctive, equivalent to to be able: ἔχω ἀποδοῦναι, Mat 18:25; Luk 7:42; Luk 14:14; τί ποιῆσαι, Luk 12:4; οὐδέν εἶχον ἀντειπεῖν, they had nothing to oppose (could say nothing against it), Act 4:14; κατ' οὐδενός εἶχε μείζονος ὀμόσαι, Heb 6:13; add, Joh 8:6 (Rec.); Act 25:26 (cf. Buttmann, as above); Eph 4:28; Tit 2:8; 2Pe 1:15; the infinitive is omitted and to be supplied from the context: ὁ ἔσχεν, namely, ποιῆσαι, Mar 14:8; see examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1297a; (Liddell and Scott, see A. III. 1). β. is used of what there is a certain necessity for doing: βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι, Luk 12:50; ἔχω σοι τί εἰπεῖν,; ἀπαγγεῖλαι, Act 23:17; Act 23:19; λαλῆσαι,; κατηγορῆσαι, Act 28:19; πολλά γράφειν, 2Jn 1:12; 3Jn 1:13.

II. Intransitively.

a. (Latinmehabeo) to hold oneself or find oneself so and so, to be in such or such a condition: ἑτοίμως ἔχω, to be ready, followed by an infinitive, Act 21:13; 2Co 12:14; 1Pe 4:5 (not WH); ἐσχάτως (see ἐσχάτως), Mar 5:23; κακῶς, to be sick, Mat 4:24; Mat 8:16; Mat 9:12; ( L Tr text WH text), etc.; καλῶς, to be well, Mar 16:18; κομψότερον, to be better, Joh 4:52; πῶς, Act 15:36; ἐν ἑτοίμῳ, followed by an infinitive, 2Co 10:6.

b. impersonally: ἄλλως ἔχει, it is otherwise, 1Ti 5:25; οὕτως, Act 7:1; Act 12:15; Act 17:11; Act 24:9; τό νῦν, ἔχον, as things now are, for the present, Act 24:25 (Tob 7:11, and examples from later secular authors in Kypke, Observations, 2, p. 124; cf. Vig. ed. Herm., p. 9; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 463 (432))).

III. Middle έ᾿χομαι τίνος (in Greek writings from Homer down), properly, to hold oneself to a thing, to lay hold of a thing, to adhere or cling to; to be closely joined to a person or thing (cf. Winers Grammar, 202 (190); Buttmann, 192 (166f), 161 (140)): τά ἐχόμενα τῆς σωτηρίας, Vulg.viciniorasaluti, connected with salvation, or which lead to it, Heb 6:9, where cf. Bleek; ὁ ἐχόμενος, near, adjoining, neighboring, bordering, next: of place, κωμοπόλεις, Mar 1:38 (νῆσος, Isocrates paneg. § 96; οἱ ἐχόμενοι, neighbors, Herodotus 1, 134); of time, τῇ ἐχομένῃ namely, ἡμέρα, the following day, Luk 13:33; Act 20:15 (1Ma 4:28; Polybius 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9); with ἡμέρα added, Act 21:26; σαββάτῳ, Act 13:44 (where R T Tr WH text ἐρχομένῳ); ἐνιαυτῷ, 1Ma 4:28 (with variant ἐρχομένῳ ἐνιαυτῷ); τοῦ ἐχομενου ἔτους, Thucydides 6, 3. (Compare: ἀνέχω, προσανέχω, ἀντέχω, ἀπέχω, ἐνέχω, ἐπέχω, κατέχω, μετέχω, παρέχω, περιέχω, προέχω, προσέχω, συνέχω, ὑπέρχω, ὑπέχω.)