πολύς

πολύς — polýs

πολύς, πολλή (from an older form πολλός, found in Homer, Hesiod, Pindar), πολύ; ((cf. Curtius, § 375)); the Sept. chiefly for רַב; much; used a. of multitude, number, etc., many, numerous, great: ἀριθμός, Act 11:21; λαός, Act 18:10; ὄχλος, Mar 5:24; Mar 6:34; ( L T Tr WH); Luk 7:11; Luk 8:4; Joh 6:2; Joh 6:5; Rev 7:9; Rev 19:6, etc.; πλῆθος, Mar 3:7; Luk 5:6; Act 14:1, etc.; equivalent to abundant, plenteous (A. V. often much), καρπός, Joh 12:24; Joh 15:5; Joh 15:8; θερισμός (the harvest to be gathered), Mat 9:37; Luk 10:2; γῆ, Mat 13:5; Mar 4:5; χόρτος, Joh 6:10; οἶνος, 1Ti 3:8; plural πολλοί τελῶναι, Mat 9:10; Mar 2:15; πολλοί προφῆται, Mat 13:17; Luk 10:24; σοφοί, 1Co 1:26; πατέρες, 1Co 4:15; δυνάμεις, Mat 7:22; Mat 13:58, etc.; ὄχλοι, Mat 4:25; Mat 8:1; Mat 12:15 (but here L T WH omit; Tr brackets ὄχλοι); Luk 5:15, etc.; δαιμόνια, Mar 1:34; and in many other examples; with participles used substantively, Mat 8:16; 1Co 16:9, etc.; with the article prefixed: αἱ ἁμαρτίαι αὐτῆς αἱ πολλαί, her sins which are many, Luk 7:47; τά πολλά γράμματα, the great learning with which I see that you are furnished, Act 26:24; ὁ πολύς ὄχλος, the great multitude of common people present, Mar 12:37 (cf. ὁ ὄχλος πολύς, Joh 12:9 T Tr marginal reading WH; see ὄχλος, 1). Plural masculine πολλοί, absolutely and without the article, many, a large part of mankind: πολλοί simply, Mat 7:13; Mat 7:22; Mat 20:28; Mat 26:28; Mar 2:2; Mar 3:10; Mar 10:45; Mar 14:24; Luk 1:1; Luk 1:14; Heb 9:28, and very often; opposed to ὀλίγοι, Mat 20:16 (T WH omit; Tr brackets the clause); ἕτεροι πολλοί, Act 15:35; ἄλλαι πολλαί, Mar 15:41; ἕτεραι πολλαί, Luk 8:3; πολλοί followed by a partitive genitive, as τῶν Φαρισαίων, Mat 3:7; add, Luk 1:16; Joh 12:11; Act 4:4; Act 13:43; 2Co 12:21; Rev 8:11, etc.; followed by ἐκ with a genitive of class, as πολλοί ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, Joh 6:60; add,; Act 17:12; πολλοί ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, Joh 4:39. with the article prefixed, οἱ πολλοί, the many (cf. Winer's Grammar, 110 (105)): those contrasted with ὁ εἷς (i. e. both with Adam and with Christ), according to the context equivalent to the rest of mankind, Rom 5:15; Rom 5:19, cf. Rom 5:12; Rom 5:18; we the (i. e. who are) many, Rom 12:5; 1Co 10:17; the many whom ye know, 2Co 2:17; the many i. e. the most part, the majority, Mat 24:12; 1Co 10:33.

b. with nouns denoting an action, an emotion, a state, which can be said to have as it were measure, weight, force, intensity, size, continuance, or repetition, much equivalent to great, strong, intense, large: ἀγάπη, Eph 2:4; ὀδύνη, 1Ti 6:10; θρῆνος, κλαυθμός, ὀδυρμός, Mat 2:18; χαρά (Rec.st χάρις), Phm 1:7; ἐπιθυμία, 1Th 2:17; μακροθυμία, Rom 9:22; ἔλεος, 1Pe 1:3; γογγυσμός, Joh 7:12; τρόμος, 1Co 2:3; πόνος (Rec. ζῆλος), Col 4:13; ἀγών, 1Th 2:2; ἄθλησις, Heb 10:32; θλῖψις, 2Co 2:4; 1Th 1:6; καύχησις, 2Co 7:4; πεποίθησις, 2Co 8:22; πληροφορία, 1Th 1:5; παρρησία, 2Co 3:12; 2Co 7:4; 1Ti 3:13; Phm 1:8; παράκλησις, 2Co 8:4; συζήτησις (T WH Tr text ζήτησις), Act 15:7; Act 28:29 (Rec.); στάσις, Act 23:10; ἀσιτία, Act 27:21; βία, Act 24:7 (Rec.); διακονία, Luk 10:40; σιγή, deep silence, Act 21:40 (Xenophon, Cyril 7, 1, 25); φαντασία, Act 25:23; δύναμις καί δόξα, Mat 24:30; Luk 21:27; μισθός, Mat 5:12; Luk 6:23; Luk 6:35; εἰρήνη, Act 24:2 (3); περί οὗ πολύς ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος, about which (but see λόγος, I. 3 a.) we have much (in readiness) to say, Heb 5:11 (πολύν λόγον ποιεῖσθαι περί τίνος, Plato, Phaedo, p. 115{d}; cf. Lex. Plato, iii., p. 148).

c. of time, much, long: πολύν χρόνον, Joh 5:6; μετά χρόνον πολύν, Mat 25:19; ὥρα πολλή, much time (i. e. a large part of the day) is spent (see ὥρα, 2), Mar 6:35; ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένης (Tdf. γινομένης), of a late hour of the day, ibid. (so πολλῆς ὥρας, Polybius 5, 8, 3; ἐπί πολλήν ὥραν, Josephus, Antiquities 8, 4, 4; Ἐμάχοντο... ἄχρι πολλῆς ὥρας, Dionysius Halicarnassus, 2, 54); πολλοῖς χρόνοις, for a long time, Luk 8:29 (οὐ πολλῷ χρόνῳ, Herodian, 1, 6, 24 (8 edition, Bekker); χρόνοις πολλοῖς ὕστερον, Plutarch, Thes. 6; (see χρόνος, under the end)); εἰς ἔτη πολλά, Luk 12:19; (ἐκ or) ἀπό πολλῶν ἐτῶν, Act 24:10; Rom 15:23 (here WH Tr text ἀπό ἱκανῶν ἐτῶν); ἐπί πολύ, (for) a long time, Act 28:6; μετ' οὐ πολύ, not long after (see μετά, II. 2 b.), Act 27:14.

d. Neuter singular πολύ, much, substantively, equivalent to many things: Luk 12:48; much, adverbially, of the mode and degree of an action: ἠγάπησε, Luk 7:47; πλανᾶσθε, Mar 12:27; namely, ὠφελεῖ, Rom 3:2. πολλοῦ as a genitive of price (from Homer down; cf. Passow, under the word, IV.

b. vol. ii., p. 1013a; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 206 (194))): πραθῆναι, for much, Mat 26:9. ἐν πολλῷ, in (administering) much (i. e. many things), Luk 16:10; with great labor, great effort, Act 26:29 (where L T Tr WH ἐν μεγάλῳ (see μέγας, 1 a. γ.)). with a comparitive (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 35, 1): πολύ σπουδαιότερον, 2Co 8:22 (in Greek writings from Homer down); πολλῷ πλείους, many more, Joh 4:41; πολλῷ (or πολύ) μᾶλλον, see μᾶλλον, 1 a. following with the article, τό πολύ, German das Viele (opposed to τό ὀλίγον), 2Co 8:15 (cf. Buttmann, 395 (338); Winer's Grammar, 589 (548)). Plural, πολλά α. many things; as, διδάσκειν, λαλεῖν, Mat 13:3; Mar 4:2; Mar 6:34; Joh 8:26; Joh 14:30; παθεῖν, Mat 16:21; Mar 5:26; Mar 9:12; Luk 9:22, etc., and often in Greek writings from Pindar Ol. 13, 90 down; ποιεῖν, Mar 6:20 (T Tr marginal reading WH ἀπόρειν); πρᾶξαι, Act 26:9; add as other examples, Mat 25:21; Mat 25:23; Mar 12:41; Mar 15:3; Joh 16:12; 2Co 8:22; 2Jn 1:12; 3Jn 1:13; πολλά καί ἀλλά, Joh 20:30. (On the Greek (and Latin) usage which treats the notion of multitude not as something external to a thing and consisting merely in a comparison of it with other things, but as an attribute inhering in the thing itself, and hence, capable of being co-ordinated with another attributive word by means of καί (which see, I. 3), see Kühner, § 523, 1 (or on Xenophon, mem. 1, 2, 24); Bäumlein, Partikeln, p. 146; Krüger, § 69, 32, 3; Lob. Paral., p. 60; Herm. ad Vig., p. 835; Winers Grammar, § 59, 3 at the end; Buttmann, 362f (311). Cf. Passow, under the word, I. 3 a.; Liddell and Scott, under II. 2.) β. adverbially (cf. Winers Grammar, 463 (432); Buttmann, § 128, 2), much: Mark ( T Tr marginal reading (?) WH (see ἀπορέω));; Rom 16:6; Rom 16:12 (L brackets the clause); in many ways, Jas 3:2; with many words (R. V. much), with verbs of saying; as, κηρύσσειν, παρακαλεῖν, etc., Mar 1:45; Mar 3:12; Mar 5:10; Mar 5:23; Mar 5:43; 1Co 16:12; many times, often, repeatedly: Mat 9:14 (R G Tr WH marginal reading) (and often in Greek writings from Homer down; cf. Passow, under the word, V. 1 a. vol. ii., p. 1013{b}; (Liddell and Scott, III. a.); Stallbaum on Plato, Phaedo, p. 61 c.); with the article πολλά, for the most part (R. V. these many times) (Vulg.plurimum), Rom 15:22 (L Tr marginal reading πολλάκις) (examples from Greek writings are given by Passow, the passage cited (Liddell and Scott, the passage cited), and by Fritzsche, Ep. ad Romans, iii., p. 281).