φῶς

φῶς — phōs

φῶς, φωτός, τό (contracted from φάος, from φάω to shine), from Homer (who (as well as Pindar) uses the form φάος) down, Hebrew אור, light (opposed to τό σκότος, ἡ σκοτία);

1. properly,

a. universally: ὁ Θεός ὁ εἰπών ἐκ σκότους φῶς λάμψαι, 2Co 4:6 (Gen 1:3); λευκά ὡς τό φῶς, Mat 17:2; νεφέλη φωτός (Griesbach text) i. e. consisting of light, equivalent to φωτεινεη in R L T Tr WH, Mat 17:5; τό φῶς τοῦ κόσμου, of the sun, Joh 11:9; τό φῶς οὐκ ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῷ, the light (i. e. illumining power) is not in him, consequently he does not see or distinguish the filings about him, Joh 11:10; the light emitted by a lamp, Luk 8:16; ( L Tr text WH). a heavenly light, such as surrounds angels when they appear on earth: hence, ἄγγελος φωτός, 2Co 11:14, and illumines the place where they appear, Act 12:7; a light of this kind shone around Paul when he was converted to Christ, Act 22:6,, (Winer's Grammar, 371 (348)); with the addition of οὐρανόθεν, Act 26:13; of ἀπό (or ἐκ) τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Act 9:3.

b. by metonymy, anything emitting light: a heavenly luminary (or star), plural Jas 1:17 (see πατήρ, 3 a.); fire, because it is light and gives light: Luk 22:56; θερμαίνεσθαι πρός τό φῶς, Mar 14:54 (1Ma 12:29; Xenophon, Hell. 6, 2, 29; Cyril 7, 5, 27); a lamp or torch: plural φῶτα, Act 16:29 (φῶς ἔχειν, Xenophon, Hell. 5, 1, 8; in plural often in Plutarch).

c. light i. e. brightness (Latinsplendor) (see a. above), ἡλίου, Rev 22:5; of a lamp, Joh 5:35 (where it symbolizes his rank, influence, worth, mighty deeds); with the addition of λύχνου, Rev 18:23 (Jer 25:10); of the divine Shechinah (see δόξα, III. 1), Rev 21:24 (Psa 88:16; Isa 60:1; Isa 60:19 f).

2. φῶς is often used in poetic discourse, in metaphor, and in parable;

a. The extremely delicate, subtile, pure, brilliant quality of light has led to the use of φῶς as an appellation of God, i. e. as by nature incorporeal, spotless, holy (cf. Westcott, Epistles of St. John, p. 15ff): 1Jn 1:5 (Wis 7:26 where cf. Grimm); he is said εἶναι ἐν τῷ φωτί, in a state of supreme sanctity, 1Jn 1:7; φῶς οἴκων ἀπρόσιτον, a figure describing his nature as alike of consummate majesty and inaccessible to human comprehension, 1Ti 6:16 (Psa 103:2 ); used of that heavenly state, consummate and free from every imperfection, to which the true disciples of Christ will be exalted, equivalent to the kingdom of light, Col 1:12.

b. By a figure frequently in the N. T. (cf. in classic Greek τῆς ἀληθείας τό φῶς, Euripides, L T. 1046 etc.; see Liddell and Scott, under the word, II. 2), φῶς is used to denote truth and its knowledge, together with the spiritual purity congruous with it (opposed to τό σκότος b., ἡ σκοτία, which see): ἡ ζωή ἦν τό φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, had the nature of light in men, i. e. became the source of human wisdom, Joh 1:4; especially the saving truth embodied in Christ and by his love and effort imparted to mankind, Mat 4:16; Joh 1:5; Joh 3:19-21; Act 26:18; Act 26:23; 2Co 6:14; Eph 5:13{a} (cf. below); τό φῶς τό ἀληθινόν, 1Jn 2:8; τό θαυμαστόν τοῦ Θεοῦ φῶς, 1Pe 2:9 (Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 36, 2 [ET] cf. 59, 2 [ET]); τό φῶς ὑμῶν, the divine truth with which ye are imbued, Mat 5:16; ἔχειν τό φῶς τῆς ζωῆς, the light by which the true life is gained, Joh 8:12; τά ὅπλα (Lachmann marginal reading ἔργα) τοῦ φωτός, Rom 13:12; καρπός τοῦ φωτός, Eph 5:9 G L T Tr WH; ἐν τῷ φωτί περιπατεῖν, to live agreeably to saving wisdom, 1Jn 1:7; ἐν τῷ φωτί εἶναι, to be imbued with saving wisdom, μένειν, to continue devoted to it, to persevere in keeping it, 1Jn 2:9 f; οἱ υἱοί τοῦ φωτός (see υἱός, 2, p. 635{a}), Luk 16:8; Joh 12:36; 1Th 5:5; τέκνα φωτός (see τέκνον, c. β., p. 618^a), Eph 5:8. by metonymy, φῶς; is used of one in whom wisdom and spiritual purity shine forth, and who imparts the same to others: φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει, Rom 2:19; (φῶς ἐθνῶν, Act 13:47); in a pre-eminent sense is Jesus the Messiah called φῶς and τό φῶς: Luk 2:32; Joh 1:7; John 12:35f, 46; τό φῶς τοῦ κόσμου, Joh 8:12; Joh 9:5 (τό φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τό δοθέν ἐν ὑμῖν εἰς φωτισμόν παντός ἀνθρώπου, Test xii. Patr. test. Levi § 14); τό φῶς τό ἀληθινόν, Joh 1:9; by the same name the disciples of Jesus are distinguished, Mat 5:14; Christians are called φῶς ἐν κυρίῳ, having obtained saving wisdom in communion with Christ, Eph 5:8. πᾶν τό φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν, everything made manifest by the aid of Christian truth has taken on the nature of light, so that its true character and quality are no longer hidden, Eph 5:13{b} (others take φῶς here in an outward or physical sense, and regard the statement as a general truth confirmatory of the assertion made respecting spiritual 'φωτός just before (cf. above)).

c. By a figure borrowed from daylight φῶς is used of that which is exposed to the view of all: ἐν τῷ φωτί (opposed to ἐν τῇ σκοτία), openly, publicly (ἐν φαει, Pindar Nem. 4, 63), Mat 10:27; Luk 12:3.

d. reason, mind; the power of understanding especially moral and spiritual truth: τό φῶς τό ἐν σοι, Mat 6:23; Luk 11:35. (Synonym: see φέγγος, at the end.)