God’s Full and Final Revelation in the Son

¹ Although¹ God spoke long ago in many parts² and in many ways to the fathers by the prophets,

1. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“spoke”) which is understood as concessive
2. Or “portions”

² in these last days he has spoken to us by a Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom also he made the world,¹

1. Or “the universe”; literally “the ages”

³ who is the radiance of his glory and the representation of his essence, sustaining all things by the word of power.¹ When he² had made purification for sins through him, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,

1. Some manuscripts have “by the word of his power. When he had made purification for sins, he sat down”
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had made”) which is understood as temporal

⁴ having become by so much better than the angels, by as much as he has inherited a more excellent name than theirs.

The Son Superior to the Angels

⁵ For to which of the angels did he ever say, “You are my son, today I have begotten you,”¹ and again, “I will be ⌞his father⌟², and he will be ⌞my son⌟³”?⁴

1. A quotation from Ps 2:7
2. Literally “to him for a father”
3. Literally “to me for a son”
4. A quotation from 2 Sam 7:14 (cf. 1 Chr 17:13)

⁶ And again, when he brings the firstborn into the world, he says, “And let all the angels of God worship him.”¹

1. A quotation from Deut 32:43 and Ps 97:7

⁷ And concerning the angels he says, “The one who makes his angels winds, and his servants a flame of fire,”¹

1. A quotation from Ps 104:4

⁸ but concerning the Son, “Your throne, O God, is ⌞forever and ever⌟¹, and the scepter of righteous is the scepter of your kingdom.

1. Literally “for the age of the age”

⁹ You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness; because of this God, your God, has anointed you with the olive oil of joy more than your companions.¹

1. A quotation from Ps 45:6–7

¹⁰ And, “You, Lord, laid the foundation of the earth in the beginning, and the heavens are the works of your hands;

¹¹ they will perish, but you continue, and they will all become old like a garment,

¹² and like a robe you will roll them up, and like a garment they will be changed; but you are the same, and your years will not run out.”¹

1. A quotation from Ps 102:25–27

¹³ But to which of the angels has he ever said, “Sit down at my right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.”¹

1. A quotation from Ps 110:1

¹⁴ Are they not all spirits engaged in special service, sent on assignment for the sake of those who are going to inherit salvation?