τε

τέ — té

τέ (as δέ comes from δή, μέν from μήν, so τέ from the adverb τῇ, properly, as; (others ally it with καί, cf. Curtius, §§ 27, 647; Vanicek, p. 95; Fick Part i., 32; Donaldson, New Crat. § 195)), a copulative enclitic particle (on the use of which cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 833; Klotz ad Devar. II. 2, pp. 739ff); in the N. T. it occurs most frequently in the Acts, then in the Epistle to the Hebrews, somewhat rarely in the other books (in Matt. three or four times, in Mark once, viz. Mar 15:36 R G; in John's Gospel three times; nowhere in the Epistles to the Galatians, Thessalonians, or Colossians, nor in the Epistles of John and Peter; twice in text. Rec. of Revelation, viz. Rev 1:2; Rev 21:12); and, Latinque, differing from the particle καί in that the latter is conjunctive, τέ adjunctive (Winers Grammar, § 53, 2; according to Bäumlein (Griech. Partikeln, p. 145), καί introduces something new under the same aspect yet as an external addition, whereas τέ marks it as having an inner connection with what precedes; hence, καί is the more general particle, τέ the more special and precise; καί may often stand for τέ, but not τέ for καί. (Cf. Ebeling, Lex. Homer, under the word καί, at the beginning)).

1. τέ, standing alone (i. e. not followed by another τέ, or by καί, or other particle), joins a. parts of one and the same sentence, as συναχθέντες συμβούλιον τέ λαβόντες, Mat 28:12; ἐν ἀγάπη πνεύματι τέ πρᾳότητος, 1Co 4:21; add, Act 2:33; Act 10:22; Act 11:26; Act 20:11; Act 23:10 (WH text omits),;; Heb 1:3; Heb 6:5; Heb 9:1.

b. complete sentences: Joh 4:42; Joh 6:18; Act 2:37; Act 4:33; Act 5:19; Act 5:35; Act 5:42; Act 6:7; Act 6:12; Act 8:3; Act 8:13; Act 8:25; Act 8:31; Act 10:28; Act 10:33; Act 10:48 (here T Tr WH δέ (see 6 below)); (L Tr WH; (see 6 below)),.; (WH text δέ; (see 6 below)),; (R G), (Tr text WH δέ (see 6 below)),; (R G),;; 21:(a Tdf.), (not Lachmann),; (Tr marginal reading δέ (see 6 below)),; Rom 2:19; Heb 12:2; introduces a sentence serving to illustrate the matter in hand, Act 1:15; Act 4:13.

2. τέ... καί, and τέ καί, not only... but also, as well... as, both... and; things are thus connected which are akin, or which are united to each other by some inner bond, whether logical or real; (according to Winers Grammar, 439 (408); Bäumlein as above, p. 224f, these particles give no intimation respecting the relative value of the two members; but according to Rost, Griech. Gram. § 134,4; Donaldson, Gr. Gram. § 551; Jelf, § 758; Klotz ad Devar. II. 2, p. 740, the member with καί is the more emphatic);

a. parts of one and the same sentence (which is completed by a single finite verb): ἐσθίειν τέ καί πίνειν, Luk 12:45; φόβητρά τέ καί σημεῖα, Luk 21:11 : ἀρχιερεῖς τέ καί γραμματεῖς, Luk 22:66; πονηρούς τέ καί ἀγαθούς, Mat 22:10; Ἡρῴδης τέ καί Πόντιος Πιλᾶτος, Act 4:27; ἄνδρες τέ καί γυναῖκες, Act 8:12; Act 9:2; Act 22:4; πάντῃ τέ καί πανταχοῦ, Act 24:3; ἀσφαλῆ τέ καί βεβαίαν, Heb 6:19; add, Act 1:1; Act 2:9; Act 9:29; Act 14:1; Act 14:5; Act 15:9; Act 18:4; Act 19:10; Act 19:17; Act 20:21; Act 21:12; Act 26:22; Rom 1:12; Rom 1:14; Rom 1:16; Rom 3:9; Rom 10:12; 1Co 1:2 (R G),; Heb 4:12{a} Rec., 12{b}; (here L omits; Tr WH brackets τέ),;; Jas 3:7; τέ is annexed to the article, which is — either repeated after the teal before the following noun, Luk 2:16; Luk 23:12; Joh 2:15; Act 5:24; Act 8:38; Act 17:10; Act 18:5; Act 21:25 (R G);; — or (less commonly) omitted, Act 1:13; Act 13:1; ( L T Tr WH); Rom 1:20. τέ is annexed to a preposition, which after the following καί is — either repeated, Act 1:8 where L omits; Tr brackets the repeated ἐν; Php 1:7 (R omits; L brackets the second ἐν): — or omitted, Act 10:39 (Tr text WH);. τέ is annexed to a relative pronoun, although it does not belong so much to the pronoun as to the substantive connected with it, Act 26:22. it is annexed to an adverb, ἔτι τέ καί (and moreover), Act 21:28. When more than two members are joined together, the first two are joined by τέ καί or τέ... καί, the rest by καί: Luk 12:45; Act 1:13; Act 5:24 (R G);; 1Co 1:30; Heb 2:4.

b. τέ... καί connect whole sentences (each of which has its own finite verb, or its own subject): Act 2:3 f R G; R G; τέ... καί... καί, Act 21:30.

3. τέ... δέ are so combined that τέ adds a sentence to what has been previously said, and δέ introduces something opposed to this added sentence (Winer's Grammar, 439 (409)): Act 19:2 L T Tr WH; Act 19:3 R G L Tr text WH text; Act 22:28 R G.

4. τέ... τέ presents as parallel (or coordinate) the ideas or sentences which it connects, as... so (cf. kühner § 520; (Jelf, § 754, 3; Winers Grammar, § 53,4); on the Latinque... que cf. Herzog on Sallust, Cat. 9, 3): Act 2:46; Act 16:11 f R G; L T Tr WH text; Act 26:16; Heb 6:2 (Tr brackets; WH text omits second τέ) (Wis 7:13 Wis 15:7); τέ καί τέ, Act 9:15 (L T Tr WH); τέ καί... τέ... καί, Act 26:20 (L T Tr WH). εἴτε... εἴτε, see εἰ, III. 15; ἐάν τέ... ἐάν τέ, see ἐάν, I. 3 e. μήτε... μήτε... τέ, neither... nor... and, Act 27:20 (Xenophon, an. 4, 4, 6).

5. τέ γάρ (which began to be frequent from Aristotle down), Latinnamque, etenim, for also, for indeed (Winer's Grammar, 448 (417)), are so used that the former particle connects, the latter gives the reason: Rom 1:26 (so that in Rom 1:27 we must read ὁμοίως δέ καί (with L Tr marginal reading), see in 6 below); Rom 7:7 (4Ma 5:22); τέ γάρ... καί, Heb 2:11; ἐάν τέ γάρ... ἐάν τέ, for whether... or (whether), Rom 14:8; ἐάν τέ γάρ καί, for although (Latinnamque etiamsi), 2Co 10:8 (R G).

6. The reading often varies in manuscripts and editions between τέ and δέ; as, Mat 23:6; Act 3:10; Act 4:14; Act 8:1; Act 8:6; Act 9:24; Act 13:46; Jud 1:6, etc. (see in 1 b. above). In Rom 1:27, following Lachmann (Tr marginal reading), we ought certainly to read ὁμοίως δέ καί; cf. Fritzsche at the passage, p. 77; (Buttmann, 361 (309) n.).

7. As respects position (cf. Kühner, § 520 Anm. 5; Winer's Grammar, 559f (520)), τέ is properly annexed to that word or idea which is placed in parallelism with another (as Ἰουδαῖοι τέ καί Ἕλληνες); but writers also take considerable liberty in placing it, and readily subjoin it to an article or a preposition; for examples see in 2 a. above.