δίκαιος

δίκαιος — díkaios

δίκαιος, δίκαια, δίκαιον (from δίκη right) (fr. Homer down), properly, the Hebrew צַדִּיק, "observant of ἡ δίκη, righteous, observing divine and human laws; one who is such as he ought to be; (German rechtbeschaffen; in the earlier language, whence appropriated by Luther,gerecht in a broad sense; in Greek writings used even of physical things, as ἵππος, Xenophon, mem. 4, 4, 5; γήδιον δικαιοτατον, most fertile, Xenophon, Cyril 8, 3, 38; (ἅρμα δίκαιον, ibid. 2, 2, 26));

1. in a wide sense, upright, righteous, virtuous, keeping the commands of God;

a. universally: Mat 1:19 (the meaning is, it was not consistent with his uprightness to expose his betrothed to public reproach); Mat 10:41; Mat 13:43; Mat 13:49; Mat 23:28; Mat 25:37; Mat 25:46; Luk 1:6; Luk 1:17; Luk 14:14; Luk 18:9; Luk 20:20; Rom 5:7 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 117 (111)); 1Ti 1:9; Jas 5:6; Jas 5:16; 1Pe 3:12; 1Jn 3:7 (10 Lachmann); Rev 22:11; opposed to ἁμαρτωλοί καί ἀσεβεῖς, 1Pe 4:18; δίκαιοι καί ἄδικοι, Mat 5:45; Act 24:15; used of O. T. characters noted for piety and probity: Mat 13:17; (Mat 23:29); Heb 12:23; thus of Abel, Mat 23:35; Heb 11:4; of Lot, 2Pe 2:7 f. (Wis 10:4 f); of those who seem to themselves to be righteous, who pride themselves on their virtues, whether real or imaginary: Mat 9:13; Mar 2:17; Luk 5:32; Luk 15:7 (Ecc 7:17 (16)). Joined with εὐλαβής, Luk 2:25 (ἤθη ἐυλαβαη καί δίκαια, τό δίκαιον καί ἐυλαβες, Plato, polit., p. 311 a. b.); with ἅγιος, Mar 6:20; with ἀγαθός, Luk 23:50; with φοβούμενος τόν Θεόν, Act 10:22; ἔργα δίκαια, opposite πονηρά, 1Jn 3:12. Neuter τό δίκαιον, that which regard for duty demands, what is right: 2Pe 1:13; plural Php 4:8; δίκαιον ἐστι, Eph 6:1; Php 1:7; with the addition of ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, God being judge, Act 4:19.

b. the negative idea predominating: innocent, faultless, guiltless, (for נָקִי, Pro 1:11; Job 9:23, etc.); thus used of Christ in the speech of Gentiles: Mat 27:19; Mat 27:24 R G L brackets Tr brackets WH marginal reading; Luk 23:47; αἷμα δίκαιον, (Pro 6:17; Joe 3:19; Jon 1:14), Mat 23:35; ( Tr marginal reading WH text); ἡ ἐντολή ἅγια καί δίκαια (having no fellowship with sin (others besides, see the commentaries at the passage)) καί ἀγαθή, Rom 7:12.

c. preeminently, of him whose way of thinking, feeling, and acting is wholly conformed to the will of God, and who therefore needs no rectification in heart or life; in this sense Christ alone can be called δίκαιος: Act 7:52; Act 22:14; 1Pe 3:18; 1Jn 2:1; ἅγιος καί δίκαιος, Act 3:14; among the rest of mankind it is rightly denied that one δίκαιος can be found, Rom 3:10 (Ecclesiastes 7:21-20ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἐστι δίκαιος ἐν τῇ γῆ, ὅς ποιήσει ἀγαθόν καί οὐχ ἁμαρτήσεται). of God: holy, Rom 3:26 (where it is to be closely rendered just or righteous, on account of the following καί τόν δικαιοῦντα, and the justifier or who pronounces righteous, but the substantial meaning is holy, that quality by virtue of which he hates and punishes sin); 1Jn 2:29.

d. contextually, approved God, acceptable to God, (German gottwohlgefallig): Rom 5:19; with the addition ἐκ πίστεως, acceptable to God by faith (Winer's Grammar, 136 (129)): Rom 1:17; Gal 3:11; Heb 10:38; δίκαιος παρά τῷ Θεῷ, Rom 2:13.

2. In a narrower sense, rendering to each his due; and that in a judicial sense, passing just judgment on others, whether expressed in words or shown by the manner of dealing with them: Tit 1:8; so of God recompensing men impartially according to their deeds, Rev 16:5; in the same sense also in Joh 17:25 (who does not award the same fate to the loving and faithful disciples of Christ and to 'the world'); 1Jn 1:9 (who executes the laws of his government, and therefore also the law concerning the pardon of sins); ὁ δίκαιος κριτής, of Christ, 2Ti 4:8; κρίσις δίκαια, Joh 5:30; Joh 7:24; 2Th 1:5; plural, Rev 16:7; Rev 19:2; αἱ ὁδοί τοῦ Θεοῦ δίκαια καί ἀληθιναί, Rev 15:3; neuter τό δίκαιον, what is due to others, Col 4:1; what is agreeable to justice and law, Luk 12:51; δίκαιον namely, ἐστιν, it is agreeable to justice, 2Th 1:6; accordant with deserts, Mat 20:4, and Rec. (See references under the word δικαιόω, at the end; cf. ἀγαθός, at the end.)