Paul Appeals to Caesar

¹ Now when¹ Festus set foot in the province, after three days he went up to Jerusalem from Caesarea.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“set foot in”) which is understood as temporal

² And the chief priests and the most prominent men of the Jews brought charges against Paul to him, and were urging him,

³ asking for a favor against him, that he summon him to Jerusalem, because they¹ were preparing an ambush to do away with him along the way.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were preparing ”) which is understood as causal

⁴ Then Festus replied that Paul was being kept at Caesarea, and he himself was about to go there¹ in a short time.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵ So he said, “Let those among you who are prominent go down with me,¹ and² if there is any wrong in the man, let them bring charges against him.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go down with”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶ And after he¹ had stayed among them not more than eight or ten days, he went down to Caesarea. On the next day he sat down on the judgment seat and² gave orders for Paul to be brought.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had stayed”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sat down”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁷ And when¹ he arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many and serious charges that they were not able to prove,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“arrived”)

⁸ while¹ Paul said in his defense, “Neither against the law of the Jews nor against the temple nor against Caesar have I sinned with reference to anything!”

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“said in his defense”)

⁹ But Festus, because he¹ wanted to do a favor for the Jews, answered and² said to Paul, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem to be tried before me there concerning these things?”

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“wanted”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁰ But Paul said, “I am standing before the judgment seat of Caesar, where it is necessary for me to be judged. I have done no wrong to the Jews, as you also know very well.

¹¹ If then I am doing wrong¹ and have done anything deserving death, I am not trying to avoid² dying. But if there is nothing true of the things which these people are accusing me, no one can give me up to them. I appeal to Caesar!”

1. Or “I am in the wrong”
2. *Here the present tense has been translated as conative (“trying to avoid”)

¹² Then Festus, after¹ discussing this² with his³ council, replied, “You have appealed to Caesar—to Caesar you will go!”

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“discussing”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

Festus Asks King Agrippa for Advice

¹³ Now after¹ some days had passed, King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea to welcome Festus.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had passed”)

¹⁴ And while they were staying there many days, Festus laid out the case against Paul to the king, saying, “There is a certain man left behind by Felix as a prisoner,

¹⁵ concerning whom when¹ I was in Jerusalem the chief priests and the elders of the Jews presented evidence, asking for a sentence of condemnation against him.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)

¹⁶ To ⌞them⌟¹ I replied that it was not the custom of the Romans to give up any man before the one who had been accused met his² accusers face to face and received an opportunity for a defense concerning the accusation.

1. Literally “whom”
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁷ Therefore, when¹ they had assembled here, I made² no delay; on the next day I sat down on the judgment seat and³ gave orders for the man to be brought.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had assembled”)
2. *Here this participle (“made”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the two previous participles (“made” and “sat down”) have been translated as finite verbs

¹⁸ When they¹ stood up, his² accusers began bringing³ no charge concerning ⌞him⌟⁴ of the evil deeds that I was suspecting,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“stood up”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began bringing”)
4. Literally “whom”

¹⁹ but they had some issues with him concerning their own religion, and concerning a certain Jesus, who was dead, whom Paul claimed to be alive.

²⁰ And because¹ I was at a loss with regard to the investigation concerning these things, I asked if he was willing to go to Jerusalem and to be judged there concerning these things.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was at a loss”) which is understood as causal

²¹ But when¹ Paul appealed that he be kept under guard for the decision of His Majesty the Emperor, I gave orders for him to be kept under guard until I could send him to Caesar.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“appealed”)

²² So Agrippa said to Festus, “I want to hear the man myself also.” “Tomorrow,” he said, “you will hear him.”

²³ So on the next day, Agrippa and Bernice came with great pageantry and entered into the audience hall, along with military tribunes and the most prominent men of the city. And when¹ Festus gave the order, Paul was brought in.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“gave the order”)

²⁴ And Festus said, “King Agrippa and all who are present with us, you see this man about whom the whole population of the Jews appealed to me, both in Jerusalem and here, shouting that he must not live any longer.

²⁵ But I understood that he had done nothing deserving death himself, and when¹ this man appealed to His Majesty the Emperor, I decided to send him.²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“appealed to”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁶ I do not have anything definite to write to my¹ lord about ⌞him⌟.² Therefore I have brought him before you all³—and especially before you, King Agrippa—so that after⁴ this preliminary hearing has taken place, I may have something to write.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. Literally “whom”
3. *Here “all” is supplied in the translation to indicate that the pronoun (“you”) is plural
4. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“has taken place”)

²⁷ For it seems unreasonable to me to send a prisoner and not to indicate the charges against him.”