The Preface

¹ I produced the former account, O Theophilus, about all ⌞that⌟¹ Jesus began to do and to teach,

1. Literally “of what”

² until the day he was taken up, after he¹ had given orders through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he had chosen,

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had given orders”) which is understood as temporal

³ to whom he also presented himself alive after he suffered, with many convincing proofs, appearing to them over a period of forty days and speaking the things about the kingdom of God.

⁴ And while he¹ was with² them,³ he commanded them, “Do not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for what was promised by the Father, which you heard about from me.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was with”) which is understood as temporal
2. Or “was assembling with,” or “was sharing a meal with”
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵ For John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit ⌞not many days from now⌟.”¹

1. Literally “not many days after these”

The Ascension

⁶ So when¹ they had come together, they began asking² him, saying, “Lord, is it at this time you are restoring the kingdom to Israel?”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had come together”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began asking”)

⁷ But he said to them, “It is not for you to know the times or seasons that the Father has set by his own authority.

⁸ But you will receive power when¹ the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the farthest part of the earth.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“has come”)

⁹ And after he¹ had said these things, while² they were watching, he was taken up, and a cloud received him from their sight.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had said”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were watching”)

¹⁰ And as they were staring into the sky while¹ he was departing, behold, two men in white clothing stood by them

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was departing”)

¹¹ who also said, “Men ⌞of Galilee⌟,¹ why do you stand there looking² into the sky? This Jesus who was taken up from you into heaven like this will come back in the same way you saw him departing into heaven!”

1. Literally “Galileans”
2. Some manuscripts have “gazing”

Matthias Chosen to Replace Judas

¹² Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mountain that is called Olive Grove¹ which is near Jerusalem, ⌞a Sabbath day’s journey away⌟.²

1. This is a variation of the name “Mount of Olives”
2. Literally “having a journey of a Sabbath”

¹³ And when they had entered, they went up to the upstairs room where they were staying—Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James son of Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot and Judas son of James.

¹⁴ All these were busily engaged with one mind in prayer, together with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus and with¹ his brothers.

1. Some manuscripts omit “with”

¹⁵ And in those days Peter stood up in the midst of the brothers (and it was a crowd of persons of about one hundred twenty at the same place) and¹ said,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood up”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁶ “Men and brothers, it was necessary that the scripture be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit proclaimed beforehand through the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide to those who arrested Jesus,

¹⁷ because he was counted among us and received a share in this ministry.”

¹⁸ (Now this man acquired a field for the wages of his wickedness, and falling headlong, he burst open in the middle and all his intestines spilled out.

¹⁹ And it became known to all who live in Jerusalem, so that that field was called in their own language¹ “Akeldama,” that is, “Field of Blood.”)

1. That is, Aramaic

²⁰ “For it is written in the book of Psalms, ‘Let his residence become deserted, and let there be no one to live in it,’¹ and, ‘Let another person take his position.’²

1. A quotation from Ps 69:25
2. A quotation from Ps 109:8

²¹ Therefore it is necessary for one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time in which the Lord Jesus went in and went out among us,

²² beginning from the baptism of John until the day on which he was taken up from us—one of these men must become a witness of his resurrection together with us.”

²³ And they proposed two men, Joseph called Barsabbas (who was called Justus) and Matthias.

²⁴ And they prayed and¹ said, “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all, show clearly which one of these two you have chosen

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“prayed”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁵ to take the place in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas turned aside to depart to his own place.”

²⁶ And they cast lots for them, and the lot fell on Matthias, and he was added to serve¹ with the eleven apostles.

1. *The words “to serve” are not in the Greek text, but are implied

Pentecost and the Coming of the Holy Spirit

¹ And when the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in the same place.

² And suddenly a sound like a violent rushing wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting.

³ And divided¹ tongues like fire appeared to them and rested on each one of them.

1. Or perhaps “distributed”

⁴ And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages¹ as the Spirit gave them ability to speak out.

1. Or “tongues”

⁵ Now there were Jews residing in Jerusalem, devout men from every nation under heaven.

⁶ And when¹ this sound occurred, the crowd gathered and was in confusion, because each one was hearing them speaking in his own language.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“happened”)

⁷ And they were astounded and astonished, saying, “Behold, are not all these who are speaking Galileans?

⁸ And how do we hear, each one of us, in ⌞our own native language⌟?¹

1. Literally “our own language in which we were born”

⁹ Parthians and Medes and Elamites and those residing in Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia,¹

1. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)

¹⁰ Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya toward Cyrene, and the Romans who were in town,

¹¹ both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabs—we hear them speaking in our own languages the great deeds of God!”

¹² And all were amazed and greatly perplexed, saying ⌞to one another⌟,¹ “⌞What can this mean?⌟”²

1. Literally “one to the other”
2. Literally “what does this want to be”

¹³ But others jeered and¹ said, “They are full of sweet new wine!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“jeered”) has been translated as a finite verb

Peter’s Sermon on the Day of Pentecost

¹⁴ But Peter, standing with the eleven, raised his voice and declared to them, “Judean men, and all those who live in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and pay attention to my words!

¹⁵ For these men are not drunk, as you assume, because it is the third hour of the day.

¹⁶ But this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel:

¹⁷ ‘And it will be in the last days,’ God says, ‘I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh, and your sons and your daughters will prophesy, and your young men will see visions, and your old men will dream dreams.

¹⁸ And even on my male slaves and on my female slaves I will pour out my Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy.

¹⁹ And I will cause wonders in the heaven¹ above and signs on the earth below, blood and fire and vapor of smoke.

1. Or “sky”

²⁰ The sun will be changed to darkness and the moon to blood, before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes.

²¹ And it will be that everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord will be saved.’¹

1. A quotation from Joel 2:28–32

²² “Israelite men, listen to these words! Jesus the Nazarene, a man attested to you by God with deeds of power and wonders and signs that God did through him in your midst, just as you yourselves know—

²³ this man, delivered up by the determined plan and foreknowledge of God, you executed by¹ nailing to a cross² through the hand of lawless men.

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“nailing to”) which is understood as means
2. *The words “a cross” are not in the Greek text but are implied by the nature of the verb

²⁴ God raised ⌞him⌟¹ up, having brought to an end the pains of death, because it was not possible for him to be held by it.

1. Literally “whom”; it is necessary to specify “him” in the translation to avoid confusion with the “lawless men” in the previous verse

²⁵ For David says with reference to him, ‘I saw the Lord before me ⌞continually⌟,¹ for he is at my right hand so that I will not be shaken.

1. Literally “through everything”

²⁶ For this reason my heart was glad and my tongue rejoiced greatly, furthermore also my flesh will live in hope,

²⁷ because you will not abandon my soul in Hades, nor will you permit your Holy One to experience decay.

²⁸ You have made known to me the paths of life; you will fill me with gladness with your presence.’¹

1. A quotation from Ps 16:8–11

²⁹ “Men and brothers, it is possible to speak with confidence to you about the patriarch David, that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us until this day.

³⁰ Therefore, because he¹ was a prophet and knew that God had sworn to him with an oath to seat ⌞one of his descendants⌟² on his throne,

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was”) which is understood as causal
2. Literally “from the fruit of his loins”

³¹ by¹ having foreseen this,² he spoke about the resurrection of the Christ,³ that neither was he abandoned in Hades nor did his flesh experience decay.

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“having foreseen”) which is understood as means
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Or “Messiah”

³² This Jesus God raised up, of which¹ we all are witnesses.

1. Or “of whom,” referring to Jesus

³³ Therefore, having been exalted to the right hand of God and having received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father, he has poured out this that you see and hear.¹

1. Some manuscripts have “both see and hear”

³⁴ For David did not ascend into heaven, but he himself says, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand,

³⁵ until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” ’¹

1. A quotation from Ps 110:1

³⁶ Therefore let all the house of Israel know beyond a doubt, that God has made him both Lord and Christ—this Jesus whom you crucified!”

The Response to Peter’s Sermon

³⁷ Now when they¹ heard this,² they were pierced to the heart and said to Peter and the other apostles, “What should we do, men and brothers?”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁸ And Peter said¹ to them, “Repent and be baptized, each one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

1. Some manuscripts explicitly add “said”

³⁹ For the promise is for you and for your children, and for all those who are far away, as many as the Lord our God calls to himself.”

⁴⁰ And with many other words he solemnly urged and exhorted them, saying, “Be saved from this crooked generation!”

⁴¹ So those who accepted his message were baptized, and on that day about three thousand souls were added.

The Fellowship of the First Believers

⁴² And they were devoting themselves to the teaching of the apostles and to fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayers.

⁴³ And fear came on every soul, and many wonders and signs were being performed by the apostles.

⁴⁴ And all who believed were in the same place, and had everything in common.

⁴⁵ And they began selling¹ their² possessions and property, and distributing these things to all, to the degree that anyone had need.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began selling”)
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁴⁶ And every day, devoting themselves to meeting¹ with one purpose in the temple courts² and breaking bread from house to house, they were eating their food with joy and simplicity of heart,

1. *The words “to meeting” are not in the Greek text but are implied
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

⁴⁷ praising God and having favor with all the people. And the Lord was adding every day to the total of those who were being saved.

A Lame Beggar Healed at the Temple

¹ Now Peter and John were going up to the temple at the hour of prayer, the ninth hour.

² And a certain man was being carried who was lame ⌞from birth⌟.¹ ⌞He⌟² was placed every day at the gate of the temple called “Beautiful,” so that he could ask for charitable gifts from those who were going into the temple courts.³

1. Literally “from his mother’s womb”
2. Literally “who,” but a new sentence was begun here in the translation in keeping with English style
3. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

³ When he¹ saw Peter and John about to go into the temple courts,² he began asking to receive alms.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

⁴ And Peter looked intently at him, together with John, and¹ said, “Look at us!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“looked intently”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵ So he fixed his attention on them, expecting to receive something from them.

⁶ But Peter said, “Silver and gold ⌞I do not possess⌟,¹ but what I have, this I give to you—in the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarene, walk!”²

1. Literally “is not to me”
2. Some manuscripts have “get up and walk”

⁷ And taking hold of him by the right hand, he raised him up, and immediately his feet and ankles were made strong.

⁸ And leaping up, he stood and began walking around¹ and entered into the temple courts² with them, walking and leaping and praising God.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began walking around”)
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

⁹ And all the people saw him walking and praising God,

¹⁰ And they recognized him, that this one¹ was the one who used to sit asking for alms at the Beautiful Gate of the temple, and they were filled with awe and astonishment at what had happened to him.

1. Some manuscripts have “that he himself”

Peter’s Sermon in Solomon’s Portico

¹¹ And while¹ he was holding fast to Peter and John, all the people ran together to them in the portico called Solomon’s, utterly astonished.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was holding fast to”)

¹² And when he¹ saw it,² Peter replied to the people, “Men and Israelites, why are you astonished at this? Or why are you staring at us, as if by our own power or godliness we have made him walk?

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹³ The God of Abraham and of Isaac¹ and of Jacob,² the God of our fathers, has glorified his servant Jesus, whom you handed over and denied in the presence of Pilate, after³ he had decided to release him.⁴

1. Some manuscripts have “the God of Isaac”
2. Some manuscripts have “the God of Jacob”
3. Or “although”; this genitive absolute construction can be understood as either temporal “after” or concessive “although”
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁴ But you denied the Holy and Righteous One and demanded that a man—a murderer—be granted to you.

¹⁵ And you killed the originator of life, whom God raised from the dead, of which we are witnesses!

¹⁶ And on the basis of faith in his name, his name has made this man strong, whom you see and know, and the faith that is through him has given him this perfect health in the presence of you all.

¹⁷ And now, brothers, I know that you acted in ignorance, just as your rulers did also.

¹⁸ But the things which God foretold through the mouth of all the prophets, that his Christ¹ would suffer, he has fulfilled in this way.

1. Or “Messiah”

¹⁹ Therefore repent and turn back, so that your sins may be blotted out,

²⁰ so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord, and he may send the Christ¹ appointed for you—Jesus,

1. Or “Messiah”

²¹ whom heaven must receive until the times of the restoration of all things, about which God spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from earliest times.

²² Moses said, ‘The Lord God¹ will raise up for you a prophet like me from your brothers. You will listen to him in everything that he says to you.²

1. Some manuscripts have “The Lord your God”
2. A quotation from Deut 18:15

²³ And it will be that every soul who does not listen to that prophet will be destroyed utterly from the people.’¹

1. A quotation from Deut 18:19 and Lev 23:29

²⁴ And indeed, all the prophets from Samuel and all those who followed him¹ have spoken about and proclaimed these days.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁵ You are the sons of the prophets and of the covenant that God ordained with your fathers, saying to Abraham, ‘And in your offspring all the nations of the earth will be blessed.’¹

1. A quotation from Gen 22:18

²⁶ God, after he¹ had raised up his servant, sent him to you first, to bless you by turning each of you back from your wickedness!”

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had raised up”) which is understood as temporal

Peter and John Arrested

¹ And while¹ they were speaking to the people, the priests and the captain of the temple and the Sadducees approached them,

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were speaking”)

² greatly annoyed because they were teaching the people and proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead.

³ And they laid hands on them and put them¹ in custody until the next day, because it was already evening.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴ But many of those who listened to the message believed, and the number of the men was approximately five thousand.

Peter and John on Trial Before the Sanhedrin

⁵ And it happened that on the next day, their rulers and elders and scribes came together in Jerusalem,

⁶ and Annas the high priest, and Caiaphas and John and Alexander, and all those who were from the high priest’s family.

⁷ And they made them stand in their¹ midst and² began to ask,³ “By what power or by what name did you do this?”

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stand”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to ask”)

⁸ Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, “Rulers of the people and elders,

⁹ if we are being examined today concerning a good deed done to a sick man—by what means¹ this man was healed—

1. Or “through whom”

¹⁰ let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel that by the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarene, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead—by him this man stands before you healthy!

¹¹ This one¹ is the stone that was rejected by you, the builders, that has become ⌞the cornerstone⌟.²

1. “This one” refers to Jesus
2. Literally “the head of the corner”; this verse is an allusion to Ps 118:22

¹² And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven that is given among people by which we must be saved.”

¹³ Now when they¹ saw the boldness of Peter and John, and understood that they were uneducated and untrained men, they were astonished, and recognized them, that they had been with Jesus.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁴ And because they¹ saw the man who had been healed standing there with them, they had nothing to say in return.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as causal

¹⁵ But after they¹ had ordered them to go outside the Sanhedrin,² they began to confer³ with one another,

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had ordered”) which is understood as temporal
2. Or “council”
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to confer”)

¹⁶ saying, “What should we do with these men? For that a remarkable sign has taken place through them is evident to all those who live in Jerusalem, and we are not able to deny it!¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁷ But in order that it may not spread much further among the people, let us warn them to speak no more in this name ⌞to anyone at all⌟.”¹

1. Literally “to no man”

¹⁸ And they called them back and¹ commanded them² not to speak or to teach at all in the name of Jesus.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“called”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁹ But Peter and John answered and¹ said to them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than God, you decide!

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁰ For we are not able to refrain from speaking about the things that we have seen and heard.”

²¹ So after¹ threatening them² further, they released them, finding no way to punish them on account of the people, because they were all praising God for what had happened.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“threatening … further”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²² For the man on whom this sign of healing had been performed was more than forty years old.

The Believers Pray for Continued Bold Witness

²³ And when they¹ were released, they went to their own people and reported all that the chief priests and the elders had said to them.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were released”) which is understood as temporal

²⁴ And when they¹ heard it,² they lifted their voices with one mind to God and said, “Master, you are the one who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all the things in them,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁵ the one who said by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of our father David, your servant, ‘Why do the nations¹ rage, and the peoples conspire in vain?

1. Or “Gentiles”; the same Greek word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context

²⁶ The kings of the earth stood opposed, and the rulers assembled together at the same place, against the Lord and against his Christ.’¹

1. Or “Messiah”; this is a quotation from Ps 2:1–2

²⁷ For in truth both Herod and Pontius Pilate, together with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, assembled together in this city against your holy servant Jesus whom you anointed,

²⁸ to do all that your hand and plan¹ had predestined to take place.

1. Some manuscripts have “and your plan”

²⁹ And now, Lord, concern yourself with their threats and grant your slaves to speak your message with all boldness,

³⁰ as you extend your hand to heal and signs and wonders are performed through the name of your holy servant Jesus.”

³¹ And when¹ they had prayed, the place in which they were gathered was shaken, and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak² the word³ of God with boldness.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had prayed”)
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to speak”)
3. Or “message”

The Believers Share All Things in Common

³² Now the group of those who believed were one heart and soul, and no one said anything of what belonged to him was his own, but all things were theirs in common.

³³ And with great power the apostles were giving testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was on them all.

³⁴ For there was not even anyone needy among them, because all those who were owners of plots of land or houses were selling them¹ and² bringing the proceeds of the things that were sold

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“were selling”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁵ and placing them¹ at the feet of the apostles. And it was being distributed to each as anyone had need.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁶ So Joseph, who was called Barnabas by the apostles (which is translated “son of encouragement”), a Levite of Cyprus by nationality,

³⁷ sold a field¹ that belonged to him and² brought the money and placed it³ at the feet of the apostles.

1. Or “a farm”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sold”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Ananias and Sapphira Lie to the Holy Spirit

¹ Now a certain man ⌞named⌟¹ Ananias, together with his wife Sapphira, sold a piece of property,

1. Literally “by name”

² and he kept back for himself some of the proceeds, and his¹ wife was aware of it.² And he brought a certain part and³ placed it⁴ at the feet of the apostles.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here the participle “was aware of” in this genitive absolute construction has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“brought”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³ But Peter said, “Ananias, for what reason has Satan filled your heart, that you lied to the Holy Spirit and kept back for yourself some of the proceeds of the piece of land?

⁴ When it¹ remained to you, did it not remain yours? And when it² was sold, was it at your disposal? How is it that you have contrived this deed in your heart? You have not lied to people, but to God!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“remained”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was sold”) which is understood as temporal

⁵ And when¹ Ananias heard these words, he fell down and² died. And great fear came on all those who heard about it.³

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“fell down”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶ So the young men stood up, wrapped him up, and carried him¹ out and² buried him.³

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“carried … out”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁷ And it happened that there was an interval of about three hours, and his wife came in, not knowing what had happened.

⁸ And Peter said to her, “Tell me whether you both¹ were paid this much for the piece of land.” And she said, “Yes, this much.”

1. *Here “both” reflects the second person plural verb, which refers to both Ananias and Sapphira

⁹ So Peter said to her, “How is it that it was agreed by you two¹ to test the Spirit of the Lord? Behold, the feet of those who buried your husband are at the door, and they will carry you out!”

1. *Here “two” is supplied in the translation to indicate that the pronoun (“you”) is plural in the Greek text

¹⁰ And immediately she fell down at his feet and died. So when¹ the young men came in, they found her dead, and carried her² out and³ buried her⁴ with her husband.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came in”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“carried … out”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹¹ And great fear came on the whole church and on all who heard about these things.

Many Signs and Wonders Are Performed by the Apostles

¹² Now many signs and wonders were being performed among the people through the hands of the apostles. And they were all together¹ in Solomon’s Portico.

1. Or perhaps “by common consent”

¹³ And none of the rest dared to join them, but the people spoke highly of them.

¹⁴ And even more believers in the Lord¹ were being added, large numbers of both men and women,

1. Or “even more believers were being added to the Lord”

¹⁵ so that they even carried out the sick into the streets and put them¹ on cots and mats² so that when³ Peter came by, at least his⁴ shadow would fall on some of them.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Or “mattresses”
3. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“came by”)
4. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁶ And the people of the towns around Jerusalem also came together, bringing the sick and those tormented by unclean spirits, who were all being healed.

The Apostles Arrested and Imprisoned

¹⁷ Now the high priest rose up and all those who were with him (that is, the party of the Sadducees), and¹ they were filled with jealousy.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“rose up”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁸ And they laid hands on the apostles and put them in the public prison.

¹⁹ But during the night an angel of the Lord opened the doors of the prison and led them out and¹ said,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the two previous participles (“opened” and “led”) have been translated as finite verbs

²⁰ “Go and stand in the temple courts¹ and² proclaim to the people all the words of this life.”

1. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stand”) has been translated as a finite verb

²¹ And when they¹ heard this,² they entered at daybreak into the temple courts³ and began teaching.⁴ Now when⁵ the high priest and those with him arrived, they summoned the Sanhedrin—even the whole council of elders of the sons of Israel—and sent to the prison to have them brought.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself
4. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began teaching”)
5. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal

²² But the officers who came¹ did not find them in the prison, and they returned and² reported,

1. Or “when they came”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“returned”) has been translated as a finite verb

²³ saying, “We found the prison locked with all security and the guards standing at the doors, but when we¹ opened them,² we found no one inside!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“opened”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁴ Now when both the captain of the temple and the chief priests heard these words, they were greatly perplexed concerning them, as to what this might be.

²⁵ But someone came and¹ reported to them, “Behold, the men whom you put in prison are standing in the temple courts² and teaching the people!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

²⁶ Then the captain went with the officers and¹ brought them, not with force (for they were afraid of the people, lest they be stoned by them).²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *The words “by them” are not in the Greek text but are implied

The Apostles on Trial Before the Sanhedrin

²⁷ And when they¹ had brought them, they made them² stand in the Sanhedrin,³ and the high priest put a question to them,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had brought”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Or “council”

²⁸ saying, “⌞We strictly commanded⌟¹ you² not to teach in this name? And behold, you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching! And you are intending to bring upon us the blood of this man!”

1. Literally “we commanded with a commandment”
2. Some manuscripts have “Did we not strictly command you”

²⁹ But Peter and the apostles answered and¹ said, “It is necessary to obey God rather than men!

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁰ The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you killed by¹ hanging him² on a tree.

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“hanging”) which is understood as means
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³¹ This one God has exalted to his right hand as Leader and Savior to grant repentance to Israel and forgiveness of sins.

³² And we are witnesses of these things, and so is¹ the Holy Spirit whom God has given to those who obey him.”

1. *The words “so is” are not in the Greek text but are implied

³³ Now when¹ they heard this,² they were infuriated, and were wanting to execute them.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁴ But a certain man stood up in the Sanhedrin,¹ a Pharisee ⌞named⌟² Gamaliel, a teacher of the law respected by all the people, and³ gave orders to put the men outside for a short time.

1. Or “council”
2. Literally “by name”
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood up”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁵ And he said to them, “Men and Israelites, take care for yourselves what you are about to do to these men!

³⁶ For before these days, Theudas rose up saying he was somebody. A number of men, about four hundred, joined ⌞him⌟.¹ ⌞He⌟² was executed, and all who followed him were dispersed and came to nothing.

1. Literally “to whom”
2. Literally “who”

³⁷ After this man, Judas the Galilean rose up in the days of the census and ⌞caused people to follow him in revolt⌟.¹ And that one perished, and all who followed him were scattered.

1. Literally “caused people to revolt after him”

³⁸ And now I tell you, keep away from these men, and leave them alone, because if this plan or this matter is from people, it will be overthrown.¹

1. Or “it will fail”

³⁹ But if it is from God, you will not be able to overthrow them, lest you even be found fighting against God.” So they were persuaded by him.

⁴⁰ And they summoned the apostles, beat them,¹ commanded them² not to speak in the name of Jesus, and released them.³

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴¹ So they went out from the presence of the Sanhedrin¹ rejoicing, because they had been considered worthy to be dishonored for the sake of the name.

1. Or “council”

⁴² Every day, both in the temple courts¹ and from house to house, they did not stop teaching and proclaiming the good news that the Christ² was Jesus.

1. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself
2. Or “Messiah”

The First Seven Deacons Appointed

¹ Now in these days, as¹ the disciples were increasing in number,² a complaint arose by the ⌞Greek-speaking Jews⌟³ against the ⌞Hebraic Jews⌟⁴ because⁵ their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food.⁶

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were increasing”)
2. *The words “in number” are not in the Greek text but are implied
3. Literally “Hellenists”
4. Literally “Hebrews”
5. Or “that”
6. *The words “of food” are not in the Greek text but are implied

² So the twelve summoned the community of disciples and¹ said, “It is not desirable that we neglect the word of God to serve tables.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“summoned”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ So, brothers, select from among you seven men ⌞of good reputation⌟,¹ full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we will put in charge of this need.

1. Literally “well spoken of”

⁴ But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.”

⁵ And the statement pleased the whole group, and they chose Stephen (a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit), and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolaus (a convert from Antioch),

⁶ whom they stood before the apostles. And they prayed and¹ placed their² hands on them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“prayed”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁷ And the word of God kept spreading, and the number of disciples in Jerusalem was increasing greatly, and a large number of priests began obeying¹ the faith.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began obeying”)

Stephen Arrested

⁸ Now Stephen, full of grace and power, was performing great wonders and signs among the people.

⁹ But some of those from the Synagogue of the Freedmen (⌞as it was called⌟),¹ both Cyrenians and Alexandrians, and those from Cilicia and Asia,² stood up and³ disputed with Stephen.

1. Literally “called”
2. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the participle (“disputed”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style

¹⁰ And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the Spirit with which he was speaking.

¹¹ Then they secretly instigated men who said, “We have heard him speaking blasphemous words against Moses and God!”

¹² And they incited the people and the elders and the scribes, and they came up and¹ seized him and brought him² to the Sanhedrin.³

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Or “council”

¹³ And they put forward false witnesses who said, “This man does not stop speaking words against the holy place¹ and the law!

1. Some manuscripts have “this holy place”

¹⁴ For we have heard him saying that this Nazarene Jesus will destroy this place and will change the customs that Moses handed down to us.”

¹⁵ And as they¹ looked intently at him, all those who were sitting in the Sanhedrin² saw his face was like the face of an angel.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“looked intently”) which is understood as temporal
2. Or “council”

Stephen’s Defense

¹ And the high priest said, “Is it so concerning these things?”

² So he said, “Men—brothers and fathers—listen: The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he¹ was in Mesopotamia, before he settled in Haran,

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was”) which is understood as temporal

³ and said to him, ‘Go out from your land and from your relatives and come to the land that I will show you.’

⁴ Then he went out from the land of the Chaldeans and¹ settled in Haran. And from there, after his father died, he caused him to move to this land in which you now live.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went out”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵ And he did not give him an inheritance in it—not even a footstep¹—and he promised to give it² to him for his possession, and to his descendants after him, ⌞although he did not have⌟³⁴ a child.

1. Literally “a step of a foot”
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “not being to him”
4. *Here “although” is supplied in the translation as a component of the participle (“was”) which is understood as concessive

⁶ But God spoke like this: ‘His descendants will be foreigners in a foreign land, and they will enslave them and mistreat them¹ four hundred years,

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁷ and the nation ⌞that⌟¹ they will serve as slaves, I will judge,’ God said, ‘and after these things they will come out² and will worship me in this place.’³

1. Literally “to which”
2. Verses 6–7 are a quotation from Gen 15:13–14
3. The final phrase is an allusion to Exod 3:12

⁸ And he gave him the covenant of circumcision, and so he became the father of Isaac and circumcised him on the eighth day, and Isaac did so with¹ Jacob, and Jacob did so with² the twelve patriarchs.

1. *Here the words “did so with” are not in the Greek text but are implied; in view of the “covenant of circumcision” mentioned earlier in the verse, it is probable that circumcision and not just fatherhood is involved
2. *Here the words “did so with” are not in the Greek text but are implied; see the note on the same phrase earlier in this verse

⁹ And the patriarchs, because they¹ were jealous of Joseph, sold him² into Egypt. And God was with him,

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were jealous of”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁰ and rescued him from all his afflictions and granted him favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And he appointed him ruler over Egypt and all¹ his household.

1. Some manuscripts have “over all”

¹¹ And a famine came over all Egypt and Canaan and great affliction, and our fathers could not find food.

¹² So when¹ Jacob heard there was grain in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal

¹³ And on the second visit¹ Joseph was made known to his brothers, and the family of Joseph became known to Pharaoh.

1. *The word “visit” is not in the Greek text but is implied

¹⁴ So Joseph sent and¹ summoned his father Jacob and all his² relatives, seventy-five persons in all.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sent”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁵ And Jacob went down to Egypt and died, he and our fathers.

¹⁶ And they were brought back to Shechem and buried in the tomb that Abraham had bought for a sum of silver from the sons of Hamor in Shechem.

¹⁷ “But as the time of the promise that God had made to Abraham was drawing near, the people increased and multiplied in Egypt

¹⁸ until another king arose over Egypt who did not know Joseph.

¹⁹ This man deceitfully took advantage of our¹ people and² mistreated our ancestors, ⌞causing them to abandon their infants⌟³ so that they would not be kept alive.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“deceitfully took advantage of”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Literally “making their infants be abandoned”

²⁰ At this time Moses was born, and he was beautiful to God. ⌞He⌟¹ was brought up for three months in his² father’s house,

1. Literally “who”
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²¹ and when¹ he was abandoned, the daughter of Pharaoh took him up and brought him up ⌞as her own son⌟.²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was abandoned”)
2. Literally “for a son to herself”

²² And Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was powerful in his words and deeds.

²³ “But when ⌞he was forty years old⌟,¹ it entered in his heart to visit his brothers, the sons of Israel.

1. Literally “a period of time of forty years was fulfilled for him”

²⁴ And when he¹ saw one of them being unjustly harmed, he defended him² and ⌞avenged⌟³ the one who had been oppressed by⁴ striking down the Egyptian.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “produced vengeance for”
4. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“striking down”) which is understood as means

²⁵ And he thought his¹ brothers would understand that God was granting deliverance to them by his hand, but they did not understand.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²⁶ And on the following day, he made an appearance to them while they¹ were fighting and was attempting to reconcile² them in peace, saying, ‘Men and brothers, why are you doing wrong to one another?’

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were fighting”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the imperfect verb has been translated as conative (“was attempting to reconcile”)

²⁷ But the one who was doing wrong to his¹ neighbor pushed him aside, saying, ‘Who appointed you a ruler and a judge over us?

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²⁸ You do not want to do away with me ⌞the same way⌟¹ you did away with the Egyptian yesterday, do you?’²

1. Literally “in the manner in which”
2. A quotation from Exod 2:14; the negative construction in Greek anticipates a negative answer here, indicated by “do you”

²⁹ And at this statement, Moses fled and became a foreigner in the land of Midian, where he became the father of two sons.

³⁰ “And when¹ forty years had been completed, an angel appeared to him in the desert of Mount Sinai in the flame of a burning bush.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had been completed”)

³¹ And when¹ Moses saw it,² he was astonished at the sight, and when³ he approached to look at it,⁴ the voice of the Lord came:

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“approached”)
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³² ‘I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham and of Isaac and of Jacob!’¹ So Moses began trembling and² did not dare to look at it.³

1. A quotation from Exod 3:6
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“began”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³³ And the Lord said to him, ‘Untie the sandals from your feet, for the place on which you are standing is holy ground.

³⁴ ⌞I have certainly seen⌟¹ the mistreatment of my people who are in Egypt and have heard their groaning, and I have come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send you to Egypt.’²

1. Literally “seeing I have seen”
2. A quotation from Exod 3:5, 7–8, 10

³⁵ This Moses whom they had repudiated, saying, ‘Who appointed you a ruler and a judge?’¹—this man God sent as both ruler and redeemer with ⌞the help⌟² of the angel who appeared to him in the bush.

1. A quotation from Exod 2:14 (see v. 27 above)
2. Literally “hand”

³⁶ This man led them out, performing wonders and signs in the land of Egypt and at the Red Sea and in the wilderness for forty years.

³⁷ “This is the Moses who said to the sons of Israel, ‘God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers.’¹

1. A quotation from Deut 18:15

³⁸ This is the one who was in the congregation in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him at Mount Sinai, and who with our fathers received living oracles to give to us,

³⁹ to whom our fathers were not willing to become obedient, but rejected him¹ and turned back in their hearts to Egypt,

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁰ saying to Aaron, ‘Make us gods who will go on before us! For this Moses, who led us out from the land of Egypt—we do not know what has happened to him!’¹

1. A quotation from Exod 32:1, 23

⁴¹ And they manufactured a calf in those days, and offered up a sacrifice to the idol, and began rejoicing¹ in the works of their hands.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began rejoicing”)

⁴² But God turned away and gave them over to worship the host of heaven, just as it is written in the book of the prophets: ‘You did not bring offerings and sacrifices to me for forty years in the wilderness, did you,¹ house of Israel?

1. *The negative construction in Greek anticipates a negative answer here, indicated by “did you”

⁴³ And you took along the tabernacle¹ of Moloch and the star of the god² Rephan, the images that you made, to worship them, and I will deport you beyond Babylon!’³

1. Or “tent”
2. Some manuscripts have “of your god”
3. A quotation from Amos 5:25–27

⁴⁴ The tabernacle of the testimony ⌞belonged⌟¹ to our fathers in the wilderness, just as the one who spoke to Moses directed him² to make it according to the design that he had seen,

1. Literally “was”
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁵ and which, after¹ receiving it² in turn, our fathers brought in with Joshua ⌞when they dispossessed the⌟³ nations that God drove out from the presence of our fathers, until the days of David,

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“receiving”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “in the possession of the”

⁴⁶ who found favor in the sight of God and asked to find a habitation for the God of Jacob.¹

1. Some manuscripts have “for the house of Jacob”

⁴⁷ But Solomon built a house for him.

⁴⁸ But the Most High does not live in houses¹ made by human hands, just as the prophet says,

1. Or “temples made by human hands”; either word (“houses” or “temples”) is understood here

⁴⁹ ‘Heaven is my throne and earth is the footstool for my feet. What kind of house will you build for me, says the Lord, or what is the place of my rest?

⁵⁰ Did not my hand make all these things?’¹

1. A quotation from Isa 66:1–2

⁵¹ “You stiff-necked people and uncircumcised in hearts and in your¹ ears! You constantly resist the Holy Spirit! As your fathers did, so also do you!

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁵² Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? And they killed those who announced beforehand about the coming of the Righteous One, whose betrayers and murderers you have now become,

⁵³ you who received the law by directions of angels and have not observed it!”

Stephen’s Martyrdom

⁵⁴ Now when they¹ heard these things, they were infuriated in their hearts and gnashed their² teeth at him.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁵⁵ But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked intently into heaven and¹ saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“looked intently”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵⁶ And he said, “Behold, I see the heavens opened and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God!”

⁵⁷ But crying out with a loud voice, they stopped their ears and rushed at him with one purpose.

⁵⁸ And after they¹ had driven him² out of the city, they began to stone³ him,⁴ and the witnesses laid aside their cloaks at the feet of a young man named Saul.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had driven”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began stoning”)
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵⁹ And they kept on stoning Stephen as he¹ was calling out and saying, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!”

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was calling out”) which is understood as temporal

⁶⁰ And falling to his¹ knees, he cried out with a loud voice, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them!” And after he² said this, he fell asleep.³

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“said”) which is understood as temporal
3. Or “he passed away”

Saul Attempts to Destroy the Church

¹ And Saul was agreeing with his murder. Now there happened on that day a great persecution against the church in Jerusalem, and they were all scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles.

² And devout men buried Stephen and made loud lamentation over him.

³ But Saul was attempting to destroy the church. Entering ⌞house after house⌟,¹ he dragged off both men and women and² delivered them³ to prison.

1. Literally “from house” to house
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“dragged off”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria

⁴ Now those who had been scattered went about proclaiming the good news of the word.

⁵ And Philip came down to the city of Samaria and¹ began proclaiming² the Christ³ to them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came down”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began proclaiming”)
3. Or “Messiah”

⁶ And the crowds with one mind were paying attention to what was being said by Philip, as they heard him¹ and saw the signs that he was performing.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁷ For many of those who had unclean spirits, they were coming out of them,¹ crying out with a loud voice, and many who were paralyzed and lame were healed.

1. *The words “of them” are supplied in the translation to indicate that the unclean spirits were coming out of the people

⁸ And there was great joy in that city.

Simon the Magician

⁹ Now a certain man ⌞named⌟¹ Simon had been in the city practicing magic and astonishing the people of Samaria, saying he was someone great.

1. Literally “by name”

¹⁰ They were all paying attention to ⌞him⌟,¹ from the least to the greatest, saying, “This man is the power of God that is called ‘Great.’ ”

1. Literally “whom”

¹¹ And they were paying attention to him because for a long time he had astonished them with his¹ magic.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹² But when they believed Philip as he¹ was proclaiming the good news about the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, both men and women were being baptized.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was proclaiming the good news”) which is understood as temporal

¹³ And Simon himself also believed, and after he¹ was baptized he was ⌞keeping close company with⌟² Philip. And when he³ saw the signs and great miracles that were taking place, he was astonished.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was baptized”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “attaching himself to”
3. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁴ Now when¹ the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had accepted the word of God, they sent Peter and John to them,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁵ who went down and¹ prayed for them so that they would receive the Holy Spirit.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went down”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁶ (For he had not yet fallen on any of them, ⌞but they had only been baptized⌟¹ in the name of the Lord Jesus.)

1. Literally “but they were only having been baptized”

¹⁷ Then they placed their¹ hands on them and they received the Holy Spirit.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁸ Now Simon, when he¹ saw that the Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles’ hands, offered them money,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁹ saying, “Give to me also this power, so that whomever I place my¹ hands on may receive the Holy Spirit!”

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²⁰ But Peter said to him, “May your silver ⌞be destroyed along with you⌟,¹ because you thought ⌞you could acquire⌟² the gift of God by means of money!

1. Literally “be for destruction with you”
2. Literally “to acquire”

²¹ ⌞You have no⌟¹ part or share in this matter, because your heart is not right before God.

1. Literally “there is for you no”

²² Therefore repent of this wickedness of yours, and ask the Lord if perhaps the intent of your heart may be forgiven you!”

²³ For I see you are in ⌞a state of bitter envy⌟¹ and ⌞bound by unrighteousness⌟.”²

1. Literally “the gall of bitterness”
2. Literally “the fetter of unrighteousness”

²⁴ But Simon answered and¹ said, “You pray to the Lord for me so that nothing of what you have said will come upon me.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁵ So when¹ they had solemnly testified and spoken the word of the Lord, they turned back toward Jerusalem, and were proclaiming the good news to many villages of the Samaritans.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had solemnly testified”) which is understood as temporal

Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch

²⁶ Now an angel of the Lord spoke to Philip, saying, “Get up and go toward the south¹ on the road that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza.” (This is a desert road.)

1. Or “go about noon”

²⁷ And he got up and¹ went, and behold, there was a man, an Ethiopian eunuch (a court official of Candace,² queen of the Ethiopians, who was over all her treasury) who had come to worship in Jerusalem

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Or “the Candace” (the title of the queen of Ethiopia)

²⁸ and was returning and sitting in his chariot, and reading aloud the prophet Isaiah.

²⁹ And the Spirit said to Philip, “Approach and join this chariot.”

³⁰ So Philip ran up to it¹ and² heard him reading aloud Isaiah the prophet and said, “So then, do you understand what you are reading?”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“ran up to”) has been translated as a finite verb

³¹ And he said, “So how could I, unless someone will guide me?” And he invited Philip to come up and¹ sit with him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come up”) has been translated as an infinitive

³² Now the passage of scripture that he was reading aloud was this: “He was led like a sheep to the slaughter, and like a lamb before its shearer is silent, so he did not open his mouth.

³³ In his¹ humiliation justice was taken from him. Who can describe his ⌞descendants⌟?² For his life was taken away from the earth.”³

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. Or perhaps “family history”; literally “generation”
3. A quotation from Isa 53:7–8

³⁴ And the eunuch answered and¹ said to Philip, “I ask you, about whom does the prophet say this—about himself or about someone else?”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁵ So Philip opened his mouth and beginning from this scripture, proclaimed the good news to him about Jesus.

³⁶ And as they were traveling down the road, they came to some water. And the eunuch said, “Look! Water! What prevents me from being baptized?”¹

1. A few later manuscripts add v. 37, with minor variations: “He said to him, ‘If you believe with your whole heart, you may.’ And he answered and said, ‘I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.’ ” The verse is almost certainly not an original part of the text of Acts.

³⁸ And he ordered the chariot to stop, and they both went down into the water—Philip and the eunuch—and he baptized him.

³⁹ And when they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord carried Philip away, and the eunuch did not see him any longer, for he went on his way rejoicing.

⁴⁰ But Philip found himself at Azotus, and as he¹ passed through, he proclaimed the good news to all the towns until he came to Caesarea.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“passed through”) which is understood as temporal

Saul’s Conversion on the Damascus Road

¹ But Saul, still breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest

² and¹ asked for letters from him to the synagogues in Damascus, so that if he found any who were of the Way, both men and women, he could bring them² tied up³ to Jerusalem.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the participle in the previous verse (“went to”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Or figuratively “bring them under arrest”

³ Now as he proceeded, it happened that when he approached Damascus, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him.

⁴ And falling to the ground, he heard a voice saying to him, “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?”

⁵ So he said, “Who are you, Lord?” And he said, “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting!

⁶ But get up and enter into the city, and it will be told to you ⌞what you must do⌟.”¹

1. Literally “what thing it is necessary that you do”

⁷ (Now the men who were traveling together with him stood speechless, because they¹ heard the voice but saw no one.)

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as causal

⁸ So Saul got up from the ground, but although¹ his eyes were open he could see nothing. And leading him by the hand, they brought him into Damascus.

1. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the genitive absolute participle (“were open”) which is understood as concessive

⁹ And he was ⌞unable to see⌟¹ for three days, and he did not eat or drink.

1. Literally “not seeing”

Ananias Sent to Saul

¹⁰ Now there was a certain disciple in Damascus ⌞named⌟¹ Ananias, and the Lord said to him in a vision, “Ananias!” And he said, “Behold, here I am, Lord!”

1. Literally “by name”

¹¹ And the Lord said to him, “Get up, go to the street called ‘Straight’ and in the house of Judas look for ⌞a man named Saul from Tarsus⌟.¹ For behold, he is praying,

1. Literally “Saul by name of Tarsus”

¹² and he has seen in a vision a man ⌞named⌟¹ Ananias coming in and placing hands² on him so that he may regain his sight.”

1. Literally “by name”
2. Some manuscripts have “placing his hands”

¹³ But Ananias replied, “Lord, I have heard from many people about this man, how much harm he has done to your saints in Jerusalem,

¹⁴ and here he has authority from the chief priests to tie up¹ all who call upon your name!”

1. Or figuratively “to arrest” or “to imprison”

¹⁵ But the Lord said to him, “Go, because this man is my chosen instrument to carry my name before Gentiles¹ and kings and the sons of Israel.

1. The same Greek word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context

¹⁶ For I will show him how much he must suffer for the sake of my name.”

¹⁷ So Ananias departed and entered into the house, and placing his¹ hands on him, he said, “Brother Saul, the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on the road by which you came, has sent me so that you may regain your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit.”

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁸ And immediately something like scales fell from his eyes and he regained his sight and got up and¹ was baptized,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁹ and after¹ taking food, he regained his strength. And he was with the disciples in Damascus several days.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“taking”) which is understood as temporal

Saul Proclaims Christ in Damascus

²⁰ And immediately he began proclaiming¹ Jesus in the synagogues: “This one is the Son of God!”

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began proclaiming”)

²¹ And all who heard him¹ were amazed, and were saying, “Is this not the one who was wreaking havoc in Jerusalem on those who call upon this name, and had come here for this reason, that he could bring them tied up² to the chief priests?”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Or figuratively “bring them under arrest”

²² But Saul was increasing in strength even more, and was confounding the Jews who lived in Damascus by¹ proving that this one is the Christ.²

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“proving”) which is understood as means
2. Or “Messiah”

²³ And when many days had elapsed, the Jews plotted to do away with him.

²⁴ But their plot became known to Saul, and they were also watching the gates both day and night so that they could do away with him.

²⁵ But his disciples took him¹ at night and² let him down through the wall by³ lowering him⁴ in a basket.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“lowering”) which is understood as means
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Saul in Jerusalem

²⁶ And when he¹ arrived in Jerusalem, he was attempting to associate with the disciples, and they were all afraid of him, because they² did not believe that he was a disciple.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“believe”) which is understood as causal

²⁷ But Barnabas took him and¹ brought him² to the apostles and related to them how he had seen the Lord on the road and that he had spoken to him, and how in Damascus he had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁸ And he was going in and going out among them in Jerusalem, speaking boldly in the name of the Lord.

²⁹ And he was speaking and debating with the ⌞Greek-speaking Jews⌟,¹ but they were trying to do away with him.

1. Literally “Hellenists”

³⁰ And when¹ the brothers found out, they brought him down to Caesarea and sent him away to Tarsus.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“found out”) which is understood as temporal

³¹ Then the church throughout all of Judea and Galilee and Samaria had peace, being strengthened. And living in the fear of the Lord and the encouragement of the Holy Spirit, it was increasing in numbers.¹

1. *The words “in numbers” are not in the Greek text but are implied

Aeneas Healed

³² Now it happened that as¹ Peter was traveling through all the places,² he also came down to the saints who lived in Lydda.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was traveling”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The words “the places” are not in the Greek text but are implied

³³ And he found there a certain man ⌞named⌟¹ Aeneas who was paralyzed, who had been lying on a mat² for eight years.

1. Literally “by name”
2. Or “mattress”

³⁴ And Peter said to him, “Aeneas, Jesus Christ heals you! Get up and make your bed yourself!” And immediately he got up.

³⁵ And all those who lived in Lydda and Sharon saw him, who all¹ indeed turned to the Lord.

1. *Here “all” is supplied to indicate the relative pronoun is plural

Dorcas Raised

³⁶ Now in Joppa there was a certain female disciple ⌞named⌟¹ Tabitha (which translated means “Dorcas”).² She was full of good deeds and charitable giving which she was constantly doing.³

1. Literally “by name”
2. “Dorcas” is the Greek translation of the Aramaic name “Tabitha” which means “deer” or “gazelle”
3. *Here the imperfect verb is translated as a customary imperfect (“was constantly doing”)

³⁷ Now it happened that in those days after¹ becoming sick, she died. And after² washing her,³ they placed her in an upstairs room.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“becoming sick”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“washing”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁸ And because¹ Lydda was near Joppa, the disciples, when they² heard that Peter was in ⌞Lydda⌟,³ sent two men to him, urging, “Do not delay to come to us!”

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
3. Literally “in it”

³⁹ So Peter got up and¹ accompanied them. When he² arrived, they brought him³ up to the upstairs room, and all the widows came to him, weeping and showing him⁴ tunics and other clothing that Dorcas used to make while she⁵ was with them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
5. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was”) which is understood as temporal

⁴⁰ But Peter sent them all outside, and, falling to his¹ knees, he prayed. And turning toward the body, he said, “Tabitha, get up!” And she opened her eyes, and when she² saw Peter, she sat up.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

⁴¹ And he gave her his hand and¹ raised her up. And he called the saints and the widows and² presented her alive.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“gave”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“called”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴² And it became known throughout all Joppa, and many believed in the Lord.

⁴³ And it happened that he stayed many days in Joppa with a certain Simon, a tanner.¹

1. Or “with a certain Simon Berseus”; most modern English versions treat the word as Simon’s profession (“Simon the tanner”), but the word may actually be a surname (“Simon Berseus” or “Simon Tanner”)

Cornelius Has a Vision

¹ Now there was a certain man in Caesarea ⌞named⌟¹ Cornelius, a centurion of what was called the Italian Cohort,

1. Literally “by name”

² devout and fearing God together with all his household, doing many charitable deeds for the people and praying to God ⌞continually⌟.¹

1. Literally “through everything”

³ About the ninth hour of the day, he saw clearly in a vision an angel of God coming to him and saying to him, “Cornelius.”

⁴ And he stared at him and became terrified and¹ said, “What is it, Lord?” And he said to him, “Your prayers and your charitable deeds have gone up for a memorial offering before God.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“became”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵ And now, send men to Joppa and summon a certain Simon, who is also called Peter.

⁶ This man is staying as a guest with a certain Simon, a tanner,¹ whose house is by the sea.”

1. Or “with a certain Simon Berseus”; most modern English versions treat the word as Simon’s profession (“Simon the tanner”), but the word may actually be a surname (“Simon Berseus” or “Simon Tanner”)

⁷ And when the angel who spoke to him departed, he summoned two of the household slaves and a devout soldier from those who attended him,

⁸ and after he¹ had explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had explained”) which is understood as temporal

Peter Has a Vision

⁹ And the next day, as¹ they were on their way and approaching the city, Peter went up on the housetop to pray at about the sixth hour.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were on their way”)

¹⁰ And he became hungry and wanted to eat. But while¹ they were preparing the food,² a trance came over him.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were preparing”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹¹ And he saw heaven opened and an object something like a large sheet coming down, being let down to the earth by its four corners,

¹² in which were all the four-footed animals and reptiles of the earth and birds of the sky.

¹³ And a voice came to him, “Get up, Peter, slaughter and eat!”

¹⁴ But Peter said, “Certainly not, Lord! For I have never eaten anything common and unclean!”

¹⁵ And the voice came again to him for the second time: “The things which God has made clean, you must not consider unclean!”

¹⁶ And this happened three times, and immediately the object was taken up into heaven.

¹⁷ Now while Peter was greatly perplexed within himself as to what the vision that he had seen might be, behold, the men who had been sent by Cornelius, having found the house of Simon by asking around, stood at the gate.

¹⁸ And they called out and¹ asked if Simon who was also called Peter was staying there as a guest.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“called out”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁹ And while¹ Peter was reflecting about the vision, the Spirit said to him, “Behold, men² are looking for you.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was reflecting”)
2. Some manuscripts have “three men”

²⁰ But get up, go down, and go with them—not hesitating at all, because I have sent them.”

²¹ So Peter went down to the men and¹ said, “Behold, I am he whom you are looking for! What is the reason for which you have come?”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went down”) has been translated as a finite verb

²² And they said, “Cornelius, a centurion, a righteous and God-fearing man—and well spoken of by the whole nation of the Jews—was directed by a holy angel to summon you to his house and to hear words from you.”

²³ So he invited them in and¹ entertained them as guests, and on the next day he got up and² went away with them. And some of the brothers from Joppa accompanied him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“invited … in”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb

Peter Visits Cornelius

²⁴ And on the next day he entered into Caesarea. Now Cornelius was waiting for them, and¹ had called together his relatives and close friends.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“waiting for”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁵ So it happened that when Peter entered, Cornelius met him, fell at his¹ feet, and² worshiped him.³

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“fell”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁶ But Peter helped him up, saying, “Get up! I myself am also a man!”

²⁷ And as he¹ conversed with him, he went in and found many people gathered.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“conversed with”) which is understood as temporal

²⁸ And he said to them, “You know that it is forbidden for a Jewish man to associate with or to approach a foreigner. And to me God has shown that I should call no man common or unclean.

²⁹ Therefore—and without raising any objection—I came when I¹ was sent for. So I ask for what reason you sent for me.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was sent for”) which is understood as temporal

³⁰ And Cornelius said, “⌞Four days ago at this hour⌟,¹ the ninth, I was praying in my house. And behold, a man in shining clothing stood before me

1. Literally “from the fourth day until this hour”

³¹ and said, ‘Cornelius, your prayer has been heard, and your charitable deeds have been remembered before God.

³² Therefore send to Joppa and summon Simon who is also called Peter. This man is staying as a guest in the house of Simon, a tanner,¹ by the sea.

1. Or “of Simon Berseus”; most modern English versions treat the word as Simon’s profession (“Simon the tanner”), but the word may actually be a surname (“Simon Berseus” or “Simon Tanner”)

³³ Therefore I sent for you at once, and you ⌞were kind enough to come⌟.¹ So now we all are present before God to hear all the things that have been commanded to you by the Lord.”

1. Literally “have done rightly coming”

³⁴ So Peter opened his¹ mouth and² said, “In truth I understand that God is not one who shows partiality,

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“opened”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁵ but in every nation the one who fears him and who does what is right is acceptable to him.

³⁶ As for¹ the message that he sent to the sons of Israel, proclaiming the good news of peace through Jesus Christ—this one is Lord of all—

1. *The words “As for” are not in the Greek text, but are supplied in the translation in keeping with English style

³⁷ you know the thing that happened throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism that John proclaimed:

³⁸ Jesus of Nazareth—how God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, because God was with him.

³⁹ And we are witnesses of all the things that he did both in the land of the Judeans and in Jerusalem, whom they also executed by¹ hanging him² on a tree.

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“hanging”) which is understood as means
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁰ God raised this one up on the third day and granted that he should become visible,

⁴¹ not to all the people but to us who had been chosen beforehand by God as witnesses, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.

⁴² And he commanded us to preach to the people and to testify solemnly that this one is the one appointed¹ by God as judge of the living and of the dead.

1. Or “one who is designated”

⁴³ To this one all the prophets testify, that through his name everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins.”

The Holy Spirit Given to Gentiles

⁴⁴ While¹ Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who were listening to the message.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was … speaking”)

⁴⁵ And those believers from the circumcision who had accompanied Peter were astonished that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles,

⁴⁶ for they heard them speaking in tongues and glorifying God. Then Peter said,

⁴⁷ “Surely no one can withhold the water for these people to be baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit as we also did!”

⁴⁸ So he ordered that they be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay for several days.

Peter’s Explanation to the Church in Jerusalem

¹ Now the apostles and the brothers who were throughout Judea heard that the Gentiles also had accepted the word¹ of God.

1. Or “message”

² So when Peter went up to Jerusalem, those of the circumcision took issue with him,

³ saying, “You went to men ⌞who were uncircumcised⌟¹ and ate with them!”

1. Literally “who had uncircumcision

⁴ But Peter began and¹ explained it² to them in an orderly sequence, saying,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“began”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵ “I was in the city of Joppa praying, and in a trance I saw a vision—an object something like a large sheet coming down, being let down from heaven by its four corners, and it came to me.

⁶ As I¹ looked intently into it, I was considering it,² and I saw the four-footed animals of the earth and the wild animals and the reptiles and the birds of the sky.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“looked intently”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁷ And I also heard a voice saying to me, ‘Get up, Peter, slaughter and eat!’

⁸ But I said, ‘Certainly not, Lord! For nothing common or unclean has ever entered into my mouth!’

⁹ But the voice replied from heaven for the second time, ‘The things which God has made clean, you must not consider unclean!’

¹⁰ And this happened three times, and everything was pulled up into heaven again.

¹¹ And behold, at once three men who had been sent to me from Caesarea approached the house in which we were staying.¹

1. *Here the word “staying” is not in the Greek text but is implied

¹² And the Spirit told me to accompany them, not hesitating at all. So these six brothers also went with me, and we entered into the man’s house.

¹³ And he reported to us how he had seen the angel standing in his house and saying, ‘Send to Joppa and summon Simon, who is also called Peter,

¹⁴ who will speak words to you by which you will be saved, you and all your household.’

¹⁵ And as I was beginning to speak, the Holy Spirit fell on them, just as also on us at the beginning.

¹⁶ And I remembered the word of the Lord, how he said, ‘John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’¹

1. An allusion to Acts 1:5

¹⁷ Therefore if God gave them the same gift as also to us when we¹ believed in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I to be able to hinder God?”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“believed”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁸ And when they¹ heard these things, they became silent² and praised God, saying, “Then God has granted the repentance leading to life to the Gentiles also!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the aorist verb is translated as ingressive (“became silent”)

Developments in the Church in Antioch

¹⁹ Now those who had been scattered because of the persecution that took place over Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch, proclaiming the message to no one except Jews alone.

²⁰ But some of them were men from Cyprus and Cyrene, who, when they¹ came to Antioch, began to speak² to the Hellenists³ also, proclaiming the good news about the Lord Jesus.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to speak”)
3. *Here this term could refer to (1) Greek-speaking Jews or (2) Greek-speaking non-Jews (i.e., Gentiles)

²¹ And the hand of the Lord was with them, and a large number who believed turned to the Lord.

²² ⌞And the report came to the attention⌟¹ of the church that was in Jerusalem about them, and they sent out Barnabas as far as² Antioch,

1. Literally “and the report was heard in the ears”
2. Some manuscripts have “to go as far as”

²³ who, when he¹ arrived and saw the grace of God, rejoiced and encouraged them all to remain true to the Lord with ⌞devoted hearts⌟,²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “purpose of heart”

²⁴ because he was a good man and full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. And a large number were added¹ to the Lord.

1. Or “were brought”

²⁵ So he departed for Tarsus to look for Saul.

²⁶ And when he¹ found him,² he brought him³ to Antioch. And it happened to them also that they met together for a whole year with the church and taught a large number of people.⁴ And in Antioch the disciples were first called Christians.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“found”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *The words “of people” are not in the Greek text but are implied

²⁷ Now in those days prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch.

²⁸ And one of them ⌞named⌟¹ Agabus stood up and² indicated by the Spirit that a great famine was about to come over the whole inhabited earth (which took place in the time of Claudius).

1. Literally “by name”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood up”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁹ So from the disciples, ⌞according to their ability to give⌟,¹ each one of them determined to send financial aid² for support to the brothers who lived in Judea,

1. Literally “to the degree that anyone was prospering”
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁰ which they also did, sending the aid¹ to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Herod Kills James and Imprisons Peter

¹ Now at that time, Herod the king laid hands on some of those from the church to harm them.¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

² So he executed James the brother of John with a sword.

³ And when he¹ saw that it was pleasing to the Jews, he proceeded to arrest Peter also. (⌞Now this was during the feast⌟² of Unleavened Bread.)

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “now these were the days”

⁴ After he¹ had arrested ⌞him⌟,² he also put him³ in prison, handing him⁴ over to four squads of soldiers to guard him, intending to bring him ⌞out for public trial⌟⁵ after the Passover.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had arrested”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “whom”
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
5. Literally “to the people”

⁵ Thus Peter was kept in the prison, but prayer was fervently being made to God by the church for him.

Peter Rescued by an Angel

⁶ Now when Herod was about to bring him out, on that very night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains, and guards before the door were watching the prison.

⁷ And behold, an angel of the Lord stood near him,¹ and a light shone in the prison cell. And striking Peter’s side, he woke him up, saying, “Get up ⌞quickly⌟!”² And his chains fell off of his³ hands.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Literally “with quickness”
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁸ And the angel said to him, “Gird yourself and put on your sandals!” And he did so. And he said to him, “Wrap your cloak around you and follow me!”

⁹ And he went out and¹ was following him.² And he did not know that what was being done by the angel was real, but was thinking he was seeing a vision.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went out”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁰ And after they¹ had passed the first and second guard, they came to the iron gate that leads to the city, which opened for them by itself, and they went out and² went forward along one narrow street, and at once the angel departed from him.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had passed”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went out”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹¹ And when¹ Peter came to himself, he said, “Now I know truly that the Lord has sent out his angel and rescued me from the hand of Herod and all ⌞that the Jewish people expected⌟!”²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “the expectation of the people of the Jews”

¹² And when he¹ realized this,² he went to the house of Mary, the mother of John (who is also called Mark), where many people were gathered together and were praying.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“realized”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹³ And when¹ he knocked at the door of the gateway, a female slave ⌞named⌟² Rhoda came up to answer.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“knocked”)
2. Literally “by name”

¹⁴ And recognizing Peter’s voice, because of her¹ joy she did not open the gate, but ran in and² announced that Peter was standing at the gate.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“ran in”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁵ But they said to her, “You are out of your mind!” But she kept insisting¹ it was so. And they kept saying,² “It is his angel!”

1. *This imperfect verb is translated as an iterative imperfect (“kept insisting”)
2. *This imperfect verb is translated as an iterative imperfect (“kept saying”)

¹⁶ But Peter was continuing to knock, and when they¹ opened the door² they saw him and were astonished.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“opened”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁷ But motioning to them with his¹ hand to be silent, he related to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, “Report these things to James and to the brothers,” and he departed and² went to another place.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“departed”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁸ Now when¹ day came, there was not a little commotion among the soldiers as to what then had become of Peter.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“came”)

¹⁹ And when¹ Herod had searched for him and did not find him,² he questioned the guards and³ ordered that they be led away to execution. And he came down from Judea to Caesarea and⁴ stayed there.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had searched for”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“questioned”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came down”) has been translated as a finite verb

Herod’s Gruesome Death

²⁰ Now he was very angry with the Tyrians and Sidonians. So they came to him with one purpose, and after¹ persuading Blastus, ⌞the king’s chamberlain⌟,² they asked for peace, because their country was supported with food from the king’s country.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“persuading”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “the one over the bedroom of the king”

²¹ So on an appointed day Herod, after¹ putting on royal clothing and sitting down on the judgment seat, began to deliver a public address to them.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“putting on”) which is understood as temporal

²² But the people began to call out loudly,¹ “The voice of a god and not of a man!”

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to call out loudly”)

²³ And immediately an angel of the Lord struck him down ⌞because⌟¹ he did not give the glory to God. And he was eaten by worms and² died.

1. Literally “in return for which”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“was”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁴ But the word of God kept on increasing¹ and multiplying.

1. *This imperfect verb has been translated as customary (“kept on increasing”)

²⁵ So Barnabas and Saul returned to¹ Jerusalem when they² had completed their³ service, having taken along with them⁴ John (who is also called Mark).

1. Some manuscripts read “from”
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had completed”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Barnabas and Saul Sent Out from Antioch

¹ Now there were prophets and teachers in Antioch in the church that was there: Barnabas, and Simeon (who was called Niger), and Lucius the Cyrenian, and Manaen (a close friend of Herod the tetrarch), and Saul.

² And while¹ they were serving the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart now for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.”

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were serving”)

³ Then, after they¹ had fasted and prayed and placed their² hands on them, they sent them³ away.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had fasted”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Confronting a Magician on Cyprus

⁴ Therefore, sent out by the Holy Spirit, they came down to Seleucia, and from there they sailed away to Cyprus.

⁵ And when they¹ came to Salamis, they began to proclaim the word of God in the synagogues of the Jews. And they also had John as assistant.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal

⁶ And when they¹ had crossed over the whole island as far as Paphos, they found a certain man, a magician, a Jewish false prophet whose name was Bar-Jesus,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had crossed over”) which is understood as temporal

⁷ who was with the proconsul Sergius Paulus, an intelligent man. This man summoned Barnabas and Saul and¹ wished to hear the word of God.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“summoned”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁸ But Elymas the magician (for his name is translated in this way) opposed them, attempting to turn the proconsul away from the faith.

⁹ But Saul (also called Paul), filled with the Holy Spirit, looked intently at him

¹⁰ and¹ said, “O you who are full of all deceit and of all unscrupulousness, you son of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness! Will you not stop making crooked the straight paths of the Lord!

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the participle in the previous verse (“looked intently at”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹¹ And now behold, the hand of the Lord is against you, and you will be blind, not seeing the sun ⌞for a while⌟.¹ And immediately mist and darkness fell over him, and he was going around looking for people² to lead him³ by the hand.

1. Literally “until the time”
2. *In Greek the direct object (“people”) is understood and must be supplied in the English translation; since the following noun is plural, “people” rather than “someone” is used here
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹² Then when¹ the proconsul saw what had happened, he believed, because he² was astounded at the teaching about³ the Lord.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was astounded”) which is understood as causal
3. *Here “about” reflects an objective genitive (“the Lord” is the object of the teaching)

Preaching in the Synagogue at Pisidian Antioch

¹³ Now ⌞Paul and his companions⌟¹ put out to sea from Paphos and² came to Perga in Pamphylia, but John departed from them and³ returned to Jerusalem.

1. Literally “those around Paul”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“put out to sea”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“departed”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁴ And they went on from Perga and¹ arrived at Pisidian Antioch. And they entered into the synagogue on the day of the Sabbath and² sat down.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went on”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“entered”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁵ So after the reading from the law and the prophets, the rulers of the synagogue sent word¹ to them, saying, “Men and brothers, if there is any message of exhortation by you for the people, say it.”²

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁶ So Paul stood up,¹ and motioning with his² hand, he said, “Israelite men, and those who fear God, listen!

1. *Here the participle (“stood up”) is translated as a finite verb because of English style
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁷ The God of this people Israel chose our fathers and exalted the people during their¹ stay in the land of Egypt, and with uplifted arm he led them out of it.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁸ And for a period of time of about forty years, he put up with them in the wilderness.

¹⁹ And after¹ destroying seven nations in the land of Canaan, he gave their land to his people² as an inheritance.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“destroying”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The words “to his people” are supplied as a clarification of who received the land

²⁰ This took¹ about four hundred and fifty years. And after these things, he gave them² judges until Samuel the prophet.

1. *The words “This took” are not in the Greek text but are supplied in keeping with English style
2. *Here the indirect object “them” is not in the Greek text but is implied

²¹ And then they asked for a king, and God gave them Saul son of Kish, a man from the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years.

²² And after¹ removing him, he raised up David for their king, about whom he also said, testifying, ‘I have found David the son of Jesse to be a man in accordance with my heart, who will carry out all my will.’²

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“removing”) which is understood as temporal
2. A quotation from 1 Sam 13:14

²³ From the descendants of this man, according to his promise, God brought to Israel a Savior, Jesus.

²⁴ Before ⌞his coming⌟¹ John had publicly proclaimed² a baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel.

1. Literally “the presence of his coming”
2. *Here the participle (“had publicly proclaimed”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style

²⁵ But while John was completing his¹ mission, he said, ‘What do you suppose me to be? I am not he! But behold, one is coming after me of whom I am not worthy to untie the sandals of his² feet!’

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²⁶ “Men and brothers, sons of the family of Abraham and those among you who fear God—to us the message of this salvation has been sent!

²⁷ For those who live in Jerusalem and their rulers, because they¹ did not recognize this one, and the voices of the prophets that are read on every Sabbath, fulfilled them² by³ condemning him.⁴

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“did not recognize”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“condemning”) which is understood as means
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁸ And although they¹ found no charge worthy of death, they asked Pilate that he be executed.

1. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the genitive absolute participle (“found”) which is understood as concessive

²⁹ And when they had carried out all the things that were written about him, they took him¹ down from the tree and² placed him³ in a tomb.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took … down”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁰ But God raised him from the dead,

³¹ who appeared for many days to those who had come up with him from Galilee to Jerusalem—who are now his witnesses to the people.

³² And we proclaim the good news to you: that the promise that was made to the fathers,

³³ this promise¹ God has fulfilled to our children² by³ raising Jesus, as it is also written in the second psalm, ‘You are my Son; today I have fathered you.’⁴

1. It is necessary to repeat the word “promise” from the previous verse for clarity here
2. Some manuscripts have “to us their children”
3. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“raising”) which is understood as means
4. A quotation from Ps 2:7

³⁴ But that he has raised him from the dead, no more going to return to decay, he has spoken in this way: ‘I will give you the reliable divine decrees of David.’¹

1. A quotation from Isa 55:3

³⁵ Therefore he also says in another psalm,¹ ‘You will not permit your Holy One to experience decay.’²

1. *The word “psalm” is not in the Greek text but is implied
2. A quotation from Ps 16:10

³⁶ For David, after¹ serving the purpose of God in his own generation, fell asleep and ⌞was buried with⌟² his fathers, and experienced decay.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“serving”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “was gathered to”

³⁷ But he whom God raised up did not experience decay.

³⁸ “Therefore let it be known to you, men and brothers, that through this one forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you, and from all the things from which you were not able to be justified by the law of Moses,

³⁹ by this one everyone who believes is justified!

⁴⁰ Watch out, therefore, lest what is stated by the prophets come upon you:¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴¹ ‘Look, you scoffers, and be astonished and perish! For I am doing a work in your days, a work that you would never believe even if someone were to tell it¹ to you.’ ”²

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. A quotation from Hab 1:5

Response to the Message in Pisidian Antioch

⁴² And as¹ they were going out, they began urging² that these things be spoken about to them on the next Sabbath.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were going out”)
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began urging”)

⁴³ And after¹ the synagogue had broken up, many of the Jews and the devout² proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas, who were speaking to them and³ were persuading them to continue in the grace of God.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had broken up”)
2. Or “God-fearing”
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“were speaking to”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴⁴ And on the coming Sabbath, nearly the whole city came together to hear the word of the Lord.

⁴⁵ But when¹ the Jews saw the crowds, they were filled with jealousy, and began contradicting what was being said by Paul by² reviling him.³

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“reviling”) which is understood as means
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁶ Both Paul and Barnabas spoke boldly and¹ said, “It was necessary that the word of God be spoken first to you, since you reject it and do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life! Behold, we are turning to the Gentiles!

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“spoke boldly”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴⁷ For so the Lord has commanded us: ‘I have appointed you ⌞to be⌟¹ a light for the Gentiles, ⌞that you would bring⌟² salvation to the end of the earth.’³

1. Literally “for”
2. Literally “that you would bring”
3. An allusion to Isa 42:6; 49:6

⁴⁸ And when¹ the Gentiles heard this,² they began to rejoice³ and to glorify the word of the Lord. And all those who were designated for eternal life believed.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to rejoice”)

⁴⁹ So the word of the Lord was carried through the whole region.

⁵⁰ But the Jews incited the devout women of high social standing and the most prominent men of the city, and stirred up persecution against Paul and Barnabas and threw them out of their district.

⁵¹ So after¹ shaking off the dust from their feet against them, they went to Iconium.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“shaking off”) which is understood as temporal

⁵² And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.

Preaching in Iconium

¹ Now it happened that in Iconium they entered ⌞together⌟¹ into the synagogue of the Jews and spoke in such a way that a large number of both Jews and Greeks believed.

1. Literally “according to the same”

² But the Jews who were disobedient stirred up and ⌞poisoned the minds⌟¹ of the Gentiles against the brothers.

1. Literally “embittered the souls”

³ So they stayed there¹ for a considerable time, speaking boldly for the Lord, who testified to the message of his grace, granting signs and wonders to be performed through their hands.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴ But the population of the city was divided, and ⌞some⌟¹ were with the Jews ⌞and some⌟² with the apostles.

1. Literally “those on the one hand”
2. Literally “those on the other hand”

⁵ So when an inclination took place on the part of both the Gentiles and the Jews, together with their rulers, to mistreat them¹ and to stone them,

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶ they became aware of it¹ and² fled to the Lycaonian cities—Lystra and Derbe and the surrounding region.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“became aware of”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁷ And there they were continuing to proclaim the good news.

Mistaken for Gods in Lystra

⁸ And in Lystra a certain man was sitting powerless in his feet, lame from ⌞birth⌟,¹ who had never walked.

1. Literally “his mother’s womb”

⁹ This man listened while¹ Paul was speaking. ⌞Paul⌟,² looking intently at him and seeing that he had faith to be healed,

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was speaking”)
2. Literally “who”

¹⁰ said with a loud voice, “Stand upright on your feet!” And he leaped up and began walking.¹

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began walking”)

¹¹ And when¹ the crowds saw what Paul had done, they raised their voices in the Lycaonian language, saying, “The gods have become like men and² have come down to us!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“have become like”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹² And they began calling¹ Barnabas Zeus and Paul Hermes, because he was the ⌞principal speaker⌟.²

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began calling”)
2. Literally “leader of the message”

¹³ And the priest of the temple¹ of Zeus that was just outside the city brought bulls and garlands to the gates and² was wanting to offer sacrifice, along with the crowds.

1. *The word “temple” is not in the Greek text but is implied
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“brought”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁴ But when¹ the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard about it,² they tore their clothing and³ rushed out into the crowd, shouting

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard about”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“tore”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁵ and saying, “Men, why are you doing these things? We also are men with the same nature as you, proclaiming the good news that you should turn from these worthless things to the living God, who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all the things that are in them—

¹⁶ who in generations that are past permitted all the nations¹ to go their own ways.

1. Or “Gentiles”; the same Greek word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context

¹⁷ And yet he did not leave himself without witness by¹ doing good, giving you rain from heaven and fruitful seasons, satisfying you² with food and your hearts with gladness.”

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“doing good”) which is understood as means
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁸ And although¹ they said these things, only with difficulty did they dissuade the crowds from offering sacrifice to them.

1. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“said”) which is understood as concessive

¹⁹ But Jews arrived from Antioch and Iconium, and when they¹ had won over the crowds and stoned Paul, they dragged him² outside the city, thinking he was dead.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had won over”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁰ But after¹ the disciples surrounded him, he got up and² went into the city. And on the next day he departed with Barnabas for Derbe.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“surrounded”)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb

Paul and Barnabas Return to Antioch in Syria

²¹ And after they¹ had proclaimed the good news in that city and made many disciples, they returned to Lystra and to Iconium and to Antioch,

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had proclaimed the good news”) which is understood as temporal

²² strengthening the souls of the disciples, encouraging them¹ to continue in the faith and saying,² “Through many persecutions³ it is necessary for us to enter into the kingdom of God.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *The word “saying” is not in the Greek text but is implied
3. Or “afflictions”

²³ And when they¹ had appointed elders for them in every church, after² praying with fasting, they entrusted them to the Lord, in whom they had believed.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had appointed”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“praying”) which is understood as temporal

²⁴ And they passed through Pisidia and¹ came to Pamphylia.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“passed through”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁵ And after¹ they proclaimed the message in Perga, they went down to Attalia,

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“proclaimed”) which is understood as temporal

²⁶ and from there they sailed away to Antioch where they had been commended to the grace of God for the work that they had completed.

²⁷ And when they¹ arrived and called the church together, they reported all that God had done with them, and that he had opened a door of faith for the Gentiles.²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal
2. Or “nations”; the same Greek word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context

²⁸ And they stayed no little time with the disciples.

The Jerusalem Council

¹ And some men came down from Judea and¹ began teaching² the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised according to the custom prescribed by Moses, you cannot be saved.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came down”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began teaching”)

² And after¹ there was no little strife and debate by Paul and Barnabas against them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas and some others from among them to go up to the apostles and elders in Jerusalem concerning this issue.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)

³ So they were sent on their way by the church, and¹ passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, telling in detail the conversion of the Gentiles and bringing great joy to all the brothers.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“were sent on their way”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴ And when they¹ arrived in Jerusalem, they were received by the church and the apostles and the elders, and reported all that God had done with them.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal

⁵ But some of those who had believed from the party of the Pharisees stood up, saying, “It is necessary to circumcise them and to command them¹ to observe the law of Moses!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶ Both the apostles and the elders assembled to deliberate concerning this matter.

⁷ And after¹ there was much debate, Peter stood up and² said to them, “Men and brothers, you know that in the early days³ God chose among you through my mouth that the Gentiles should hear the message of the gospel and believe.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood up”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Or “from ancient days”

⁸ And God, who knows the heart, testified to them by¹ giving them² the Holy Spirit, just as he also did to us.

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“giving”) which is understood as means
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁹ And he made no distinction between us and them, cleansing their hearts by faith.

¹⁰ So now why are you putting God to the test by¹ placing on the neck of the disciples a yoke that neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear?

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the infinitive (“placing”) which is understood as means

¹¹ But we believe we will be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus in ⌞the same⌟¹ way those also are.”

1. Literally “which”

¹² And the whole group became silent and listened to Barnabas and Paul describing all the signs and wonders God had done among the Gentiles through them.

¹³ And after they had stopped speaking, James answered, saying, “Men and brothers, listen to me!

¹⁴ Simeon has described how God first concerned himself to take from among the Gentiles a people for his name.

¹⁵ And with this the words of the prophets agree, just as it is written:

¹⁶ ‘After these things I will return and build up again the tent of David that has fallen, and the parts of it that had been torn down I will build up again and will restore it,

¹⁷ so that the rest of humanity may seek the Lord, even all the Gentiles¹ ⌞who are called by my name⌟,² says the Lord,³ who makes these things

1. The same Greek word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context
2. Literally “on whom my name has been called on them”
3. A quotation from Amos 9:11–12

¹⁸ known from of old.’¹

1. The last phrase of v. 17 and all of v. 18 is an allusion to Isa 45:21

¹⁹ Therefore I conclude we should not cause difficulty for those from among the Gentiles who turn to God,

²⁰ but we should write a letter to them to abstain from the pollution of idols and from sexual immorality and from what has been strangled and from blood.

²¹ For Moses has those who proclaim him in every city from ancient generations, because he¹ is read aloud in the synagogues on every Sabbath.”

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“is read aloud”) which is understood as causal

The Letter from the Council

²² Then it seemed best to the apostles and the elders, together with the whole church, to send men chosen from among them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas—Judas who was called Barsabbas and Silas, men who were leaders among the brothers—

²³ writing this letter¹ ⌞to be delivered by them⌟:² The apostles and the elders, brothers. To the brothers who are from among the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia. <block> Greetings!

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Literally “by their hand”

²⁴ Because we have heard that some have gone out from among us—to whom we gave no orders—and¹ have thrown you into confusion by words upsetting your ⌞minds⌟,²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“have gone out”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “souls”

²⁵ it seemed best to us, ⌞having reached a unanimous decision⌟,¹ and² having chosen men, to send them³ to you together with our dear friends Barnabas and Paul,

1. Literally “having become of one mind”
2. *Here “and” is supplied in keeping with English style
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁶ men who have risked their lives on behalf of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

²⁷ Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas, and they will report the same things by word of mouth.

²⁸ For it seemed best to the Holy Spirit and to us to place on you no greater burden except these necessary things:

²⁹ that you abstain from food sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what has been strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you¹ keep yourselves from ⌞these things⌟² you will do well. Farewell. </block>

1. *Here “if” is supplied as a component of the participle (“keep”) which is understood as conditional
2. Literally “which things”

The Letter Is Delivered to Antioch

³⁰ So when¹ they were sent off, they came down to Antioch, and after² calling together the community, they delivered the letter.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were sent off”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“calling together”) which is understood as temporal

³¹ And when they¹ read it² aloud, they rejoiced at the encouragement.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“read … aloud”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³² Both Judas and Silas, who were also prophets themselves, encouraged and strengthened the brothers by a long message.

³³ And after¹ spending some time, they were sent away in peace from the brothers to those who had sent them.²

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“spending”) which is understood as temporal
2. A few later manuscripts add v. 34, “But Silas decided to stay there.”

³⁵ But Paul and Barnabas remained in Antioch teaching and proclaiming the word of the Lord with many others also.

Paul and Barnabas Disagree and Part Company

³⁶ And after some days, Paul said to Barnabas, “Come then,let us return and¹ visit the brothers in every town in which we proclaimed the word of the Lord, to see how they are doing.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“return”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁷ Now Barnabas wanted to take John who was called Mark along also,

³⁸ but Paul held the opinion they should not take this one along, who departed from them in Pamphylia and did not accompany them in the work.

³⁹ And a sharp disagreement took place, so that they separated from one another. And Barnabas took along Mark and¹ sailed away to Cyprus,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took along”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴⁰ but Paul chose Silas and¹ departed, after² being commended to the grace of the Lord by the brothers.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“chose”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“being commended”) which is understood as temporal

⁴¹ And he traveled through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches.

Timothy Accompanies Paul and Silas

¹ And he came also to Derbe and to Lystra. And behold, a certain disciple was there ⌞named⌟¹ Timothy, the son of a believing Jewish woman but of a Greek father,

1. Literally “by name”

² who was well spoken of by the brothers in Lystra and Iconium.

³ Paul wanted this one to go with him, and he took him¹ and² circumcised him because of the Jews who were in those places, for they all knew that his father was Greek.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴ And as they went through the towns, they passed on to them to observe the rules that had been decided by the apostles and elders who were in Jerusalem.

⁵ So the churches were being strengthened in the faith and were growing in number every day.

Paul’s Vision of a Man of Macedonia

⁶ And they traveled through the Phrygian and Galatian region, having been prevented by the Holy Spirit from speaking the message in Asia.¹

1. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)

⁷ And when they¹ came to Mysia, they attempted to go into Bithynia, and the Spirit of Jesus did not permit them.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal

⁸ So going through Mysia, they went down to Troas.

⁹ And a vision appeared to Paul during the night: a certain Macedonian man was standing there and imploring him and saying, “Come over to Macedonia and¹ help us!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come over”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁰ And when he had seen the vision, we wanted at once to go away to Macedonia, concluding that God had called us to proclaim the good news to them.

The Conversion of Lydia at Philippi

¹¹ So putting out to sea from Troas, we sailed a straight course to Samothrace, and on the following day to Neapolis,

¹² and from there to Philippi, which is a leading city of that district of Macedonia, a Roman colony. And we were staying in this city for some days.

¹³ And on the day of the Sabbath, we went outside the city gate beside the river, where we thought there was a place of prayer, and we sat down and¹ spoke to the women assembled there.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sat down”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁴ And a certain woman ⌞named⌟¹ Lydia from the city of Thyatira, a merchant dealing in purple cloth who showed reverence for God, was listening. The Lord opened ⌞her⌟² heart to pay attention to what was being said by Paul.

1. Literally “by name”
2. Literally “whose”

¹⁵ And after she was baptized, and her household, she urged us,¹ saying, “If you consider me to be a believer in the Lord, come to my house and² stay.” And she prevailed upon us.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come”) has been translated as a finite verb

Paul and Silas Imprisoned

¹⁶ And it happened that as¹ we were going to the place of prayer, a certain female slave who had a spirit of divination² met us, who was bringing a large profit to her owners by³ fortune-telling.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were going”)
2. Literally “a spirit of Python”; Python was the name of the serpent or dragon that guarded the Delphic oracle at the foot of Mt. Parnassus and the word eventually came to be used for a spirit of divination
3. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the infinitive (“fortune-telling”) which is understood as means

¹⁷ She followed Paul and us and¹ was crying out, saying, “These men are slaves of the Most High God, who are proclaiming to you the way of salvation!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“followed”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁸ And she was doing this for many days. But Paul, becoming greatly annoyed and turning around, said to the spirit, “I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her!” And it came out ⌞immediately⌟.¹

1. Literally “that same hour”

¹⁹ But when¹ her owners saw that their hope of profit was gone, they seized Paul and Silas and² dragged them³ into the marketplace before the rulers.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“seized”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁰ And when they¹ had brought them to the chief magistrates, they said, “These men are throwing our city into confusion, being Jews,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had brought”) which is understood as temporal

²¹ and are proclaiming customs that are not permitted for us to accept or to practice, because we¹ are Romans!”

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“are”) which is understood as causal

²² And the crowd joined in attacking them, and the chief magistrates tore off their clothing and¹ gave orders to beat them² with rods.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“tore off”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²³ And after they¹ had inflicted many blows on them, they threw them² into prison, giving orders to the jailer to guard them securely.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had inflicted”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁴ Having received such an order, ⌞he⌟¹ put them in the inner prison and fastened their feet in the stocks.²

1. Literally “who”
2. Or possibly “to the block of wood,” referring to a log to which the prisoners were chained or tied

The Conversion of the Philippian Jailer

²⁵ Now about midnight, Paul and Silas were praying and¹ singing hymns to God, and the prisoners were listening to them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“were praying”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁶ And suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken. And immediately all the doors were opened and all the bonds¹ were unfastened.

1. Or “chains”

²⁷ And after¹ the jailer was awake and saw the doors of the prison open, he drew his² sword and³ was about to kill himself, because he⁴ thought the prisoners had escaped.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“drew”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“thought”) which is understood as causal

²⁸ But Paul called out with a loud voice, saying, “Do no harm to yourself, for we are all here!”

²⁹ And demanding lights, he rushed in and, ⌞beginning to tremble⌟,¹ fell down at the feet of Paul and Silas.

1. Literally “became trembling”

³⁰ And he brought them outside and¹ said, “Sirs, what must I do so that I can be saved?”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“brought”) has been translated as a finite verb

³¹ And they said, “Believe in the Lord Jesus and you will be saved, you and your household!”

³² And they spoke the message of the Lord to him, together with all those in his house.

³³ And he took them at that very hour of the night and¹ washed their² wounds, and he himself was baptized at once, and all those of his household.³

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *The word “household” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied from the previous verse

³⁴ And he brought them up into his¹ house and² set a meal before them,³ and rejoiced greatly that he had believed in God with his whole household.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“brought … up”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Paul and Silas Receive an Official Apology

³⁵ And when it¹ was day, the chief magistrates sent the police officers, saying, “Release those men.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)

³⁶ And the jailer reported these words to Paul: “The chief magistrates have sent an order¹ that you should be released. So come out now and² go in peace!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come out”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁷ But Paul said to them, “They beat us in public without due process—men who are Roman citizens—and¹ threw us² into prison, and now they are wanting to release us secretly? Certainly not! Rather let them come themselves and³ bring us out!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“beat”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁸ So the police officers reported these words to the chief magistrates, and they were afraid when they¹ heard that they were Roman citizens.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal

³⁹ And they came and¹ apologized to² them, and after they³ brought them⁴ out they asked them⁵ to depart from the city.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Or “reassured”; or “conciliated”
3. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“brought … out”) which is understood as temporal
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
5. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁰ And when they¹ came out of the prison, they went to Lydia and when they² saw them,³ they encouraged the brothers and departed.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came out”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Attacked by a Mob in Thessalonica

¹ Now after they¹ traveled through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a synagogue of the Jews.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“traveled through”) which is understood as temporal

² ⌞And as was his custom⌟,¹ Paul went in to them and on three Sabbath days he discussed with them from the scriptures,

1. Literally “and in accordance with what he was accustomed to”

³ explaining and demonstrating that it was necessary for the Christ¹ to suffer and to rise from the dead, and saying, “This Jesus whom I am proclaiming to you is the Christ.”²

1. Or “Messiah”
2. Or “Messiah”

⁴ And some of them were persuaded and joined Paul and Silas, and also a large number of God-fearing Greeks and not a few of the prominent women.

⁵ But the Jews were filled with jealousy and, taking along some worthless men from the rabble in the marketplace and forming a mob, threw the city into an uproar. And attacking Jason’s house, they were looking for them to bring them¹ out to the popular assembly.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶ And when they¹ did not find them, they dragged Jason and some brothers before the city officials, shouting, “These people who have stirred up trouble throughout the world² have come here also,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“find”) which is understood as temporal
2. Or “empire”

⁷ whom Jason has entertained as guests! And these people are all acting contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying there is another king, Jesus!”

⁸ And they threw the crowd into confusion, and the city officials who heard these things.

⁹ And after¹ taking money as security from Jason and the rest, they released them.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“taking”) which is understood as temporal

Paul and Silas in Berea

¹⁰ Now the brothers sent away both Paul and Silas at once, during the night, to Berea. ⌞They⌟¹ went into the synagogue of the Jews when they² arrived.

1. Literally “who” (referring to Paul and Silas)
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal

¹¹ Now these were more open-minded than those in Thessalonica. ⌞They⌟¹ accepted the message with all eagerness, examining the scriptures every day to see if these things were so.

1. Literally “who”

¹² Therefore many of them believed, and not a few of the prominent Greek women and men.

¹³ But when the Jews from Thessalonica found out that the message of God had been proclaimed by Paul in Berea also, they came there too, inciting and stirring up the crowds.

¹⁴ So then the brothers sent Paul away at once to go to the sea, and both Silas and Timothy remained there.

¹⁵ And those who conducted Paul brought him¹ as far as Athens, and after² receiving an order for Silas and Timothy that they should come to him as soon as possible, they went away.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“receiving”) which is understood as temporal

Paul in Athens

¹⁶ Now while Paul was waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was provoked within him when he¹ observed the city was full of idols.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“observed”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁷ So he was discussing in the synagogue with the Jews and the God-fearing Gentiles,¹ and in the marketplace every day with those who happened to be there.

1. *Here the word “Gentiles” is not in the Greek text but is implied

¹⁸ And even some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers were conversing with him, and some were saying, “What does this babbler want to say?” But others said,¹ “He appears to be a proclaimer of foreign deities,” because he was proclaiming the good news about Jesus and the resurrection.

1. *The words “others said” are not in the Greek text but are implied

¹⁹ And they took hold of him and¹ brought him² to the Areopagus, saying, “May we learn what is this new teaching being proclaimed by you?

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took hold of”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁰ For you are bringing some astonishing things to our ears. Therefore we want to know what ⌞these things mean⌟.”¹

1. Literally “these things want to be”

²¹ (Now all the Athenians and the foreigners who stayed there used to spend their time in nothing else than telling something or listening to something new.)

Paul Speaks to the Areopagus

²² So Paul stood there in the middle of the Areopagus and¹ said, “Men of Athens, I see you are very religious ⌞in every respect⌟.²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood there”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “with respect to all things”

²³ For as I¹ was passing through and observing carefully your objects of worship, I even found an altar on which was inscribed, ‘To an unknown God.’ Therefore what you worship without knowing it,² this I proclaim to you—

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was passing through”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁴ the God who made the world and all the things in it. This one, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not live in temples made by human hands,

²⁵ nor is he served by human hands as if he¹ needed anything, because² he himself gives to everyone life and breath and everything.

1. *Here “as if” is supplied as a component of the conditional adverbial participle (“needed”)
2. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“gives”) which is understood as causal

²⁶ And he made from one man every nation of humanity to live on all the face of the earth, determining their fixed times and the fixed boundaries of their habitation,

²⁷ to search for God, if perhaps indeed they might feel around for him and find him.¹ And indeed he is not far away from each one of us,

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁸ for in him we live and move and exist,¹ as even some of ⌞your own⌟² poets have said: ‘For we also are ⌞his⌟³ offspring.’⁴

1. Some interpreters hold that the phrase “in him we live and move and exist” is a quotation from Epimenides of Crete, but more likely it is a traditional Greek formula
2. Literally “with respect to you”
3. Literally “of him”
4. A quotation from Aratus, Phaenomena 5

²⁹ Therefore, because we¹ are offspring of God, we ought not to think the divine being is like gold or silver or stone, an image formed by human skill and thought.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“are”) which is understood as causal

³⁰ Therefore although¹ God has overlooked the times of ignorance, he now commands all people everywhere to repent,

1. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“has overlooked”) which is understood as concessive

³¹ because he has set a day on which he is going to judge the world in righteousness by the man who he has appointed, having provided proof to everyone by¹ raising him from the dead.”

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“raising”) which is understood as means

³² Now when they¹ heard about the resurrection of the dead, some scoffed, but others said, “We will hear you about this again also.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard about”) which is understood as temporal

³³ So Paul went out from the midst of them.

³⁴ But some people¹ joined him and² believed, among whom also were Dionysius the Areopagite and a woman ⌞named⌟³ Damaris and others with them.

1. *Here the Greek term “men” is used as a generic for “people”; note the presence of of a woman (Damaris) in the group
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“joined”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Literally “by name”

Paul, Silas, and Timothy in Corinth

¹ After these things he departed from Athens and¹ went to Corinth.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“departed”) has been translated as a finite verb

² And he found a certain Jew ⌞named⌟¹ Aquila, ⌞a native⌟² of Pontus who had arrived recently from Italy ⌞along with⌟³ Priscilla his wife, because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to depart from Rome, and⁴ he went to them.

1. Literally “by name”
2. Literally “by nationality”
3. Literally “and”
4. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“found”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ And because he was practicing the same trade, he stayed with them and worked, for they were tentmakers by trade.

⁴ And he argued in the synagogue every Sabbath, attempting to persuade¹ both Jews and Greeks.

1. *Here the imperfect verb has been translated as conative (“attempting to persuade”)

⁵ Now when both Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul began to be occupied with¹ the message, solemnly testifying to the Jews that the Christ² was Jesus.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to be occupied with”)
2. Or “Messiah”

⁶ And when¹ they resisted and reviled him,² he shook out his³ clothes and⁴ said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am guiltless! From now on I will go to the Gentiles!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“resisted”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
4. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“shook out”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁷ And leaving there, he entered into the house of someone ⌞named⌟¹ Titius Justus, a worshiper² of God whose house was next door to the synagogue.

1. Literally “by name”
2. Or “a God-fearer”

⁸ And Crispus, the ruler of the synagogue, believed in the Lord together with his whole household. And many of the Corinthians, when they¹ heard about it,² believed and were baptized.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard about”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁹ And the Lord said to Paul by a vision in the night, “Do not be afraid, but speak and do not keep silent,

¹⁰ because I am with you and no one will attack you to harm you, because many people are mine in this city.”

¹¹ So he stayed a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them.

Paul Accused Before the Proconsul Gallio

¹² Now when¹ Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews rose up with one purpose against Paul and brought him before the judgment seat,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)

¹³ saying, “This man is persuading people to worship God contrary to the law!”

¹⁴ But when¹ Paul was about to open his² mouth, Gallio said to the Jews, “If it was some crime or wicked villainy, O Jews, ⌞I would have been justified in accepting⌟³ your complaint.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was about”)
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. Literally “with respect to a motive I would have accepted”

¹⁵ But if it is questions concerning a word and names and ⌞your own law⌟,¹ see to it² yourselves! I do not wish to be a judge of these things.”

1. Literally “the according to you law”
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁶ And he drove them away from the judgment seat.

¹⁷ So they all seized Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and¹ began beating² him³ in front of the judgment seat. And none of these things was a concern to Gallio.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“seized”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began beating”)
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Paul Returns to Antioch in Syria

¹⁸ So Paul, after¹ remaining many days longer, said farewell to the brothers and² sailed away to Syria, and with him Priscilla and Aquila. He shaved his³ head at Cenchrea, because he had taken a vow.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“remaining”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“said farewell”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁹ So they arrived at Ephesus, and those he left behind there, but he himself entered into the synagogue and¹ discussed with the Jews.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“entered”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁰ And when¹ they asked him² to stay for a longer time, he did not give his consent,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“asked”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²¹ but saying farewell and telling them,¹ “I will return to you again if² God wills,” he set sail from Ephesus.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “if” is supplied as a component of the conditional adverbial participle (“wills”)

²² And when he¹ arrived at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the church, and² went down to Antioch.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the two previous participles (“went up” and “greeted”) have been translated as finite verbs

²³ And after¹ spending some time there, he departed, traveling through one place after another in the Galatian region and Phrygia, strengthening all the disciples.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“spending”) which is understood as temporal

The Early Ministry of Apollos

²⁴ Now a certain Jew ⌞named⌟¹ Apollos, ⌞a native⌟² Alexandrian, arrived in Ephesus—an eloquent man who was well-versed in the scriptures.

1. Literally “by name”
2. Literally “by nationality”

²⁵ This man had been instructed in the way of the Lord, and being enthusiastic in spirit, he was speaking and teaching accurately the things about Jesus, although he¹ knew only the baptism of John.

1. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“knew”) which is understood as concessive

²⁶ And he began to speak boldly in the synagogue, but when¹ Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained the way of God to him more accurately.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal

²⁷ And when¹ he wanted to cross over to Achaia, the brothers encouraged him² and³ wrote to the disciples to welcome him. When he⁴ arrived, ⌞he⌟⁵ assisted greatly those who had believed through grace.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“wanted”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“encouraged”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal
5. Literally “who”

²⁸ For he was vigorously refuting the Jews in public, demonstrating through the scriptures that the Christ¹ was Jesus.

1. Or “Messiah”

Paul Finds Disciples of John the Baptist in Ephesus

¹ And it happened that while Apollos was in Corinth, Paul traveled through the inland regions and¹ came² to Ephesus and found some disciples.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“traveled through”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Some manuscripts have “and came down”

² And he said to them, “Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you¹ believed?” And they said to him, “But we have not even heard that there is a Holy Spirit!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“believed”) which is understood as temporal

³ And he said, “Into what then were you baptized?” And they said, “Into the baptism of John.”

⁴ And Paul said, “John baptized with a baptism of repentance, telling the people that they should believe in the one who was to come after him—that is, in Jesus.”

⁵ And when they¹ heard this,² they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶ And when¹ Paul laid hands² on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them and they began to speak³ in tongues and to prophesy.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“laid”)
2. Some manuscripts have “placed his hands”
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to speak”)

⁷ (Now the total number of men was about twelve.)

⁸ So he entered into the synagogue and¹ was speaking boldly for three months, discussing and attempting to convince² them³ concerning⁴ the kingdom of God.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“entered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. The present tense participle has been translated as a conative present (“attempting to convince”)
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. Some manuscripts have “of the things concerning”

⁹ But when some became hardened and were disobedient, reviling the Way before the congregation, he departed from them and¹ took away the disciples, leading discussions every day in the lecture hall of Tyrannus.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“departed”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁰ And this took place for two years, so that all who lived in Asia¹ heard the word of the Lord, both Jews and Greeks.

1. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)

Would-be Exorcists

¹¹ And God was performing ⌞extraordinary⌟¹ miracles by the hands of Paul,

1. Literally “not the ordinary”

¹² so that even handkerchiefs or work aprons ⌞that had touched his skin⌟¹ were carried away to those who were sick, and their² diseases left them and the evil spirits came out of them.³

1. Literally “from his skin”
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *The words “of them” are not in the Greek text but are implied

¹³ But some itinerant Jewish exorcists also attempted to pronounce the name of the Lord Jesus over those who had evil spirits, saying, “I adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preaches!”

¹⁴ (Now seven sons of a certain Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, were doing this.)

¹⁵ But the evil spirit answered and¹ said to them, “Jesus I know, and Paul I am acquainted with, but who are you?”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁶ And the man ⌞who had the evil spirit⌟¹ leaped on them, subdued all of them, and² prevailed against them, so that they ran away from that house naked and wounded.

1. Literally “in whom the evil spirit was”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the two previous participles (“leaped” and “subdued”) have been translated as finite verbs

¹⁷ And this became known to all who lived in Ephesus, both Jews and Greeks, and fear fell upon them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was exalted.

¹⁸ And many of those who had believed came, confessing and disclosing their practices,

¹⁹ and many of those who practiced magic brought together their¹ books and² burned them³ up in the sight of everyone. And they counted up their value and found it was ⌞fifty thousand silver coins⌟.⁴

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“brought together”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. Literally “five ten thousands of silver coins”

²⁰ In this way the word of the Lord was growing in power and was prevailing.

A Major Riot in Ephesus

²¹ Now when these things were completed, Paul resolved in the Spirit to go to Jerusalem, passing through Macedonia and Achaia, saying, “After I have been there, it is necessary for me to see Rome also.”

²² So after¹ sending two of those who were assisting him, Timothy and Erastus, to Macedonia, he himself stayed some time in Asia.²

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“sending”) which is understood as temporal
2. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)

²³ Now there happened at that time no little disturbance concerning the Way.

²⁴ For someone ⌞named⌟¹ Demetrius, a silversmith who made silver replicas of the temple of Artemis, was bringing no little business to the craftsmen.

1. Literally “by name”

²⁵ ⌞These⌟¹ he gathered together, and the workers occupied with such things, and² said, “Men, you know that from this business ⌞we get our prosperity⌟,³

1. Literally “whom”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“gathered together”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Literally “prosperity is to us”

²⁶ and you see and hear that not only in Ephesus but in almost all of Asia¹ this man Paul has persuaded and² turned away a large crowd by³ saying that the gods made by hands are not gods.

1. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“has persuaded”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saying”) which is understood as means

²⁷ So not only is there a danger this line of business of ours will come into disrepute, but also the temple of the great goddess Artemis will be regarded as nothing—and she is about to be brought down even from her grandeur, she whom the whole of Asia¹ and the entire world worship!”

1. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)

²⁸ And when they¹ heard this² and became full of rage, they began to shout,³ saying, “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to shout”)

²⁹ And the city was filled with the tumult, and with one purpose they rushed into the theater, seizing Gaius and Aristarchus, Macedonians who were traveling companions of Paul.

³⁰ But when¹ Paul wanted to enter into the popular assembly, the disciples would not let him.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“wanted”)

³¹ And even some of the Asiarchs¹ who were his friends sent word² to him and³ were urging him⁴ not to risk himself by going into the theater.

1. Or “provincial authorities”
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sent”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³² So some were shouting one thing¹ and some another, for the assembly was in confusion, and the majority did not know ⌞why⌟² they had assembled.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Literally “on account of what”

³³ And some of the crowd advised¹ Alexander, when² the Jews put him forward. But Alexander, motioning with his³ hand, was wanting to defend himself to the popular assembly.

1. Or “concluded it was about”
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“put … forward”)
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

³⁴ But when they¹ recognized that he was a Jew, they were shouting with one voice from all of them for about two hours, “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“recognized”) which is understood as temporal

³⁵ And when¹ the city secretary had quieted the crowd, he said, “Ephesian men, for who is there among men who does not know the Ephesian city is honorary temple keeper of the great Artemis and of her² image fallen from heaven?

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had quieted”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

³⁶ Therefore because¹ these things are undeniable, it is necessary that you be quiet and do nothing rash!

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“are”)

³⁷ For you have brought these men here who are neither temple robbers nor blasphemers of our goddess.

³⁸ If then Demetrius and the craftsmen who are with him have a complaint against anyone, the court days are observed and there are proconsuls—let them bring charges against one another!

³⁹ But if you desire anything further, it will be settled in the lawful assembly.

⁴⁰ For indeed we are in danger of being accused of rioting concerning today, since there¹ is no cause in relation to which we will be able to give an account concerning this disorderly gathering!” And when he² had said these things, he dismissed the assembly.³

1. *Here “since” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“is”)
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had said”) which is understood as temporal
3. Verse 41 in the English Bible is included as part of v. 40 in the standard editions of the Greek text

Paul Travels Through Macedonia and Greece

¹ Now after the turmoil had ceased, Paul summoned¹ the disciples, and after² encouraging them,³ he said farewell and⁴ departed to travel to Macedonia.

1. *Here the participle (“summoned”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“encouraging”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“departed”) has been translated as a finite verb

² And after he¹ had gone through those regions and encouraged them ⌞at length⌟,² he came to Greece

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had gone through”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “with many a word”

³ and stayed¹ three months. Because² a plot was made against him by the Jews as he³ was about to set sail for Syria, he came to a decision to return through Macedonia.

1. *Here the participle (“stayed”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
2. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“was made”)
3. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was about to”) which is understood as temporal

⁴ And Sopater son of Pyrrhus from Berea, and Aristarchus and Secundus from Thessalonica, and Gaius from Derbe, and Timothy, and Tychicus and Trophimus from Asia, were accompanying him.

⁵ And these had gone on ahead and¹ were waiting for us in Troas.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“had gone on ahead”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶ And we sailed away from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread and came to them at Troas within five days, where we stayed seven days.

Eutychus Falls from a Window

⁷ And on the first day of the week, when¹ we had assembled to break bread, Paul began conversing² with them, because he³ was going to leave on the next day, and he extended his⁴ message until midnight.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had assembled”)
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began conversing”)
3. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was going to”) which is understood as causal
4. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁸ Now there were quite a few lamps in the upstairs room where we were gathered.

⁹ And a certain young man ⌞named⌟¹ Eutychus who was sitting in the window was sinking into a deep sleep while² Paul was conversing at length. Being overcome by sleep, he fell down from the third story and was picked up dead.

1. Literally “by name”
2. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was conversing”)

¹⁰ But Paul went down and¹ threw himself on him, and putting his arms around him,² said, “Do not be distressed, for his life is in him.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went down”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹¹ So he went up and broke bread,¹ and when he² had eaten and talked for a long time, until dawn, then he departed.

1. *This participle and the previous one (“went up”) have been translated as finite verbs in keeping with English style
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had eaten”) which is understood as temporal

¹² And they led the youth away alive, and ⌞were greatly⌟¹ comforted.

1. Literally “were not moderately”

The Voyage to Miletus

¹³ But we went on ahead to the ship and¹ put out to sea for Assos, intending to take Paul on board there. For having made arrangements in this way, he himself was intending to travel by land.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went on ahead”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁴ And when he met us at Assos, we took him on board and¹ went to Mitylene.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took … on board”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁵ And we sailed from there on the next day, and¹ arrived opposite Chios. And on the next day we approached Samos, and on the following day we came to Miletus.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sailed”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁶ For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus so that he would not be having to spend time in Asia.¹ For he was hurrying if it could be possible for him to be in Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost.

1. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)

Paul’s Farewell to the Ephesian Elders

¹⁷ And from Miletus he sent word¹ to Ephesus and² summoned the elders of the church.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sent”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁸ And when they came to him, he said to them, “You know from the first day on which I set foot in Asia¹ how I was the whole time with you—

1. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)

¹⁹ serving the Lord with all humility and with tears, and with the trials that happened to me through the plots of the Jews—

²⁰ how I did not shrink from proclaiming to you anything that would be profitable, and from teaching you in public and from house to house,

²¹ testifying both to Jews and to Greeks with respect to repentance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus.

²² “And now behold, bound by the Spirit I am traveling to Jerusalem, not knowing the things that will happen to me ⌞there⌟,¹

1. Literally “in it”

²³ except that the Holy Spirit testifies to me in town after town, saying that bonds and persecutions await me.

²⁴ But I consider my¹ life as worth ⌞nothing⌟² to myself, in order to finish my mission and the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus, to testify to the gospel of the grace of God.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. Or “not a single word”; literally “not any thing”

²⁵ “And now behold, I know that all of you, among whom I went about proclaiming the kingdom, will see my face no more.

²⁶ Therefore I testify to you on this very day that I am guiltless of the blood of all of you,¹

1. *The words “of you” are not in the Greek text but are implied

²⁷ for I did not shrink from proclaiming to you the whole purpose of God.

²⁸ Be on guard for yourselves and for all the flock among which the Holy Spirit has appointed you as overseers, to shepherd the church of God which he obtained through the blood of his own Son.¹

1. Or “through his own blood”; the Greek construction can be taken either way, with “Son” implied if the meaning is “through the blood of his own”

²⁹ I know that after my departure fierce wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock.

³⁰ And from among you yourselves men will arise, speaking ⌞perversions of the truth⌟¹ in order to draw away the disciples after them.

1. Literally “crooked things”

³¹ Therefore be on the alert, remembering that night and day for three years I did not stop warning each one of you¹ with tears.

1. *The words “of you” are not in the Greek text but are implied

³² “And now I entrust you to God and to the message of his grace, which is able to build you¹ up and to give you² the inheritance among all those who are sanctified.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³³ I have desired no one’s silver or gold or clothing!

³⁴ You yourselves know that these hands served to meet¹ my needs and the needs of² those who were with me.

1. *The words “to meet” are not in the Greek text but are supplied for clarity
2. *The words “the needs of” are supplied in keeping with English style to maintain the parallelism with the earlier phrase “my needs”

³⁵ I have shown you with respect to all things that by¹ working hard in this way it is necessary to help those who are in need, and to remember the words of the Lord Jesus that he himself said, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.”²

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“working hard”) which is understood as means
2. Perhaps an allusion to Matt 10:8; these exact words are not found in the NT gospels

³⁶ And when he¹ had said these things, he fell to his knees and² prayed with them all.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had said”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“fell to”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁷ And there was considerable weeping by all, and ⌞hugging⌟¹ Paul, they kissed him,

1. Literally “falling on the neck of”

³⁸ especially distressed at the statement that he had said, that they were going to see his face no more. And they accompanied him to the ship.

Paul Travels on to Jerusalem

¹ And it happened that after we tore ourselves away¹ from them, we put out to sea, and² running a straight course we came to Cos and on the next day to Rhodes, and from there to Patara.

1. *Here the participle (“tore ourselves away”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous infinitive (“put out to sea”) has been translated as a finite verb

² And finding a ship that was crossing over to Phoenicia, we went aboard and¹ put out to sea.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went aboard”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ And after we¹ sighted Cyprus and left it behind ⌞on the port side⌟,² we sailed to Syria and arrived at Tyre, because the ship was to unload its³ cargo there.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“sighted”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “left”
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁴ And we stayed there seven days after we¹ found the disciples, who kept telling Paul through the Spirit not to set foot in Jerusalem.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“found”) which is understood as temporal

⁵ And it happened that when our days were over, we departed and¹ went on our way, while² all of them accompanied us, together with their³ wives and children, as far as outside the city. And after⁴ falling to our knees on the beach and⁵ praying,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“departed”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“accompanied”)
3. *The word “their” is not in the Greek text but is implied
4. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“falling to”) which is understood as temporal
5. *Here “and” is supplied to join this and the previous participle (“falling to”) in keeping with English style

⁶ we said farewell to one another and embarked in the ship, and they returned to their own homes.

⁷ And when¹ we had completed the voyage from Tyre, we arrived at Ptolemais. And after we² greeted the brothers, we stayed one day with them.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had completed”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“greeted”) which is understood as temporal

⁸ And on the next day we departed and¹ came to Caesarea, and entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, who was one of the seven, and² stayed with him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied to join this and the previous participle (“departed”) in keeping with English style
2. *Here “and” is supplied to join this and the previous participle (“was”) in keeping with English style

⁹ (⌞Now this man had⌟¹ four virgin daughters who prophesied.)

1. Literally “now to this man were”

¹⁰ And while we¹ were staying there² many days, a certain prophet ⌞named⌟³ Agabus came down from Judea.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were staying”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “by name”

¹¹ And he came to us and took Paul’s belt. Tying up his own feet and hands, he said, “This is what the Holy Spirit says: ‘In this way the Jews in Jerusalem will tie up the man whose belt this is, and will deliver him¹ into the hands of the Gentiles.’ ”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹² And when we heard these things, both we and the local residents urged him not to go up to Jerusalem.

¹³ Then Paul replied, “What are you doing weeping and breaking my heart? For I am ready not only to be tied up, but even to die in Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus!”

¹⁴ And because¹ he would not be persuaded, we remained silent, saying, “The will of the Lord be done.”

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“be persuaded”)

¹⁵ So after these days we got ready and¹ went up to Jerusalem.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got ready”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁶ And some of the disciples from Caesarea also traveled together with us, bringing us¹ to a certain Mnason of Cyprus, a disciple of long standing,² with whom we were to be entertained as guests.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Or perhaps “one of the original disciples”

Paul Visits the Leaders of the Jerusalem Church

¹⁷ And when¹ we came to Jerusalem, the brothers welcomed us gladly.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“came”)

¹⁸ And on the next day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present.

¹⁹ And after¹ greeting them, he began to relate² ⌞one after the other⌟³ the things which God had done among the Gentiles through his ministry.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“greeting”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to relate”)
3. Literally “with respect to each one”

²⁰ And when¹ they heard this,² they began to glorify³ God. And they said to him, “You see, brother, how many ten thousands there are among the Jews who have believed, and they are all zealous adherents of the law.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to glorify”)

²¹ And they have been informed about you that you are teaching all the Jews who are among the Gentiles the abandonment of Moses, telling them not to circumcise their¹ children or to live according to our² customs.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. Literally “according to the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²² What then ⌞is to be done⌟?¹ Doubtless they will all hear that you have come!

1. Literally “is it”

²³ Therefore do this that we tell you: ⌞we have⌟¹ four men who have taken a vow upon themselves.²

1. Literally “there are to us”
2. Some manuscripts have “on themselves”

²⁴ Take these men and¹ purify yourself along with them and ⌞pay their expenses⌟² so that they can shave their³ heads, and everyone will know that the things which they had been informed about you are nothing, but you yourself also agree with observing the law.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“take”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “spend on them”
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²⁵ But concerning the Gentiles who have believed, we have written a letter after¹ deciding they should avoid food sacrificed to idols and blood and what has been strangled and sexual immorality.”

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“deciding”) which is understood as temporal

²⁶ Then Paul took along the men on the next day, and¹ after he² had purified himself together with them, he entered into the temple courts,³ announcing the completion of the days of purification until ⌞the time⌟⁴ the offering would be presented on behalf of each one of them.

1. *Here “and” has been supplied in keeping with English style
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had purified”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself
4. Literally “which time”

Paul Arrested in the Temple Courts

²⁷ But when the seven days were about to be completed, the Jews from Asia¹ who had seen him in the temple courts² stirred up the whole crowd and laid hands on him,

1. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

²⁸ shouting, “Israelite men, help! This is the man who is teaching everyone everywhere against the people and the law and this place! And furthermore he also brought Greeks into the temple, and has defiled this holy place!”

²⁹ (For they had previously seen Trophimus the Ephesian in the city with him, whom they thought that Paul had brought into the temple.)

³⁰ And the whole city was stirred up, and the people came running together, and they seized Paul and¹ dragged him outside of the temple courts,² and immediately the doors were shut.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“seized”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

³¹ And as they¹ were seeking to kill him, a report came up to the military tribune of the cohort that all Jerusalem was in confusion.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were seeking”)

³² ⌞He⌟¹ immediately took along soldiers and centurions and² ran down to them. And when³ they saw the military tribune and the soldiers, they stopped beating Paul.

1. Literally “who”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took along”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

³³ Then the military tribune came up and¹ arrested him and ordered him² to be bound with two chains, and inquired who he was and what it was that he had done.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁴ But some in the crowd were shouting one thing and others another, and because¹ he was not able to find out the truth on account of the commotion, he gave orders to bring him into the barracks.²

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“able”)
2. Or “headquarters”

³⁵ And when he came to the steps, it happened that he had to be carried by the soldiers on account of the violence of the crowd,

³⁶ for the crowd of people was following them,¹ shouting, “Away with him!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Paul Permitted to Address the Crowd

³⁷ And as he¹ was about to be brought into the barracks,² Paul said to the military tribune, “Is it permitted for me to say something to you?” And he said, “Do you know Greek?

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was about to”) which is understood as temporal
2. Or “headquarters”

³⁸ Then you are not the Egyptian who before these days raised a revolt and led out into the wilderness the four thousand men of the Assassins?”¹

1. Also known as the “Sicarii” from the Latin word “sicarius” = dagger, after the short dagger used to assassinate political opponents

³⁹ But Paul said, “I am a Jewish man from Tarsus in Cilicia, a citizen of no unimportant city. Now I ask you, allow me to speak to the people.”

⁴⁰ So when¹ he permitted him,² Paul, standing there on the steps, motioned with his³ hand to the people. And when there⁴ was a great silence, he addressed them⁵ in the Aramaic language, saying,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“permitted”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
4. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)
5. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹ “Men—brothers and fathers—listen to my defense to you now!”

² And when they¹ heard that he was addressing them in the Aramaic language, ⌞they became even more silent⌟.² And he said,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “they showed even more silence”

³ “I am a Jewish man born in Tarsus in Cilicia, but brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, educated according to the exactness of the law received from our fathers, being zealous for God, just as all of you are today.

⁴ ⌞I⌟¹ persecuted this Way to the death, tying up and delivering to prison both men and women,

1. Literally “who”

⁵ as indeed the high priest and the whole council of elders can testify about me, from whom also I received letters to the brothers in Damascus, and¹ was traveling there² to lead away those who were there also tied up to Jerusalem so that they could be punished.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“received”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Paul Tells of His Conversion on the Damascus Road

⁶ “And it happened that as¹ I was traveling and approaching Damascus around noon, suddenly a very bright light from heaven flashed around me,

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was traveling”) which is understood as temporal

⁷ and I fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to me, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?’

⁸ And I answered, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ And he said to me, ‘I am Jesus the Nazarene whom you are persecuting.’

⁹ (Now those who were with me saw the light but did not hear the voice of the one who was speaking to me.)

¹⁰ So I said, ‘What should I do, Lord?’ And the Lord said to me, ‘Get up and¹ proceed to Damascus, and there it will be told to you about all the things that have been appointed for you to do.’

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“get up”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹¹ And as I could not see as a result of the brightness of that light, I arrived in Damascus led by the hand of those who were with me.

¹² And a certain Ananias, a devout man according to the law, well spoken of by all the Jews who live there,

¹³ came to me and stood by me¹ and² said to me, ‘Brother Saul, regain your sight!’ And at that same time I looked up at him and saw him.³

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood by”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *The words “and saw him” are not in the Greek text but are supplied in the translation for clarity

¹⁴ And he said, ‘The God of our fathers has appointed you to know his will, and to see the Righteous One and to hear a voice from his mouth,

¹⁵ because you will be a witness for him¹ to all people of what you have seen and heard.

1. Or “to him”

¹⁶ And now why are you delaying? Get up, be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on his name!’

¹⁷ “And it happened that when¹ I returned to Jerusalem and I was praying in the temple courts,² I was in a trance,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“returned”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

¹⁸ and saw him saying to me, ‘Hurry and depart ⌞quickly⌟¹ from Jerusalem, because they will not accept your testimony about me.’

1. Literally “with quickness”

¹⁹ And I said, ‘Lord, they themselves know that from synagogue to synagogue I was imprisoning and beating those who believed in you.

²⁰ And when the blood of your witness Stephen was being shed, I myself also was standing near and was approving, and was guarding the cloaks of those who were killing him.’

²¹ And he said to me, ‘Go, because I will send you far away to the Gentiles!’ ”

Paul Questioned by the Military Tribune

²² Now they were listening to him until this word, and they raised their voices, saying, “Away with such a man from the earth! For it is not fitting for him to live!”

²³ And while¹ they were screaming and throwing off their² cloaks and throwing dust into the air,

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were screaming”)
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²⁴ the military tribune ordered him to be brought into the barracks,¹ saying he was to be examined with a lash so that he could find out for what reason they were crying out against him in this way.

1. Or “headquarters”

²⁵ But when they had stretched him out for the lash,¹ Paul said to the centurion standing there, “Is it permitted for you to flog a man who is a Roman citizen and uncondemned?”

1. Or “with straps” (in order to lash him)

²⁶ And when¹ the centurion heard this,² he went to the military tribune and³ reported it,⁴ saying, “What are you about to do? For this man is a Roman citizen!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went to”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁷ So the military tribune came and¹ said to him, “Tell me, are you a Roman citizen?” And he said, “Yes.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁸ And the military tribune replied, “I acquired this citizenship for a large sum of money.” And Paul said, “But I indeed was born a citizen.¹

1. *The words “a citizen” are not in the Greek text but are implied

²⁹ Then immediately those who were about to examine him kept away from him, and the military tribune also was afraid when he¹ realized that he was a Roman citizen and that ⌞he had tied him up⌟.²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“realized”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “he was having tied him up”

³⁰ But on the next day, because he¹ wanted to know the true reason why he was being accused by the Jews, he released him and ordered the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin to assemble, and he brought down Paul and² had him³ stand before them.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“wanted”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“brought down”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Paul Before the Sanhedrin

¹ And looking intently at the Sanhedrin, Paul said, “Men and brothers, I have lived my life in all good conscience before God to this day.”

² So the high priest Ananias ordered those standing near him to strike his mouth.

³ Then Paul said to him, “God is going to strike you, you whitewashed wall! And are you sitting there judging me according to the law, and acting contrary to the law do you order me to be struck?”

⁴ And those who stood nearby said, “Are you reviling the high priest of God?”

⁵ And Paul said, “I did not know, brothers, that he was high priest. For it is written, ‘You must not speak evil of a ruler of your people.’ ”¹

1. A quotation from Exod 22:28

⁶ Now when¹ Paul realized that one part were Sadducees and the other Pharisees, he shouted out in the Sanhedrin, “Men and brothers! I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees! I am being judged concerning the hope and the resurrection of the dead!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“realized”) which is understood as temporal

⁷ And when¹ he said this, a dispute developed between the Pharisees and Sadducees, and the assembly was divided.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“said”)

⁸ (For the Sadducees say there is no resurrection or angel or spirit, but the Pharisees acknowledge them all.)

⁹ And there was loud shouting, and some of the scribes from the party of the Pharisees stood up and¹ contended sharply, saying, “We find nothing wrong with this man! But what if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood up”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁰ And when¹ the dispute became severe, the military tribune, fearing lest Paul be torn apart by them, ordered the detachment to go down, take him away from their midst, and bring him² into the barracks.³

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“became”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Or “headquarters”

¹¹ And the next night the Lord stood by him and¹ said, “Have courage, for as you have testified about me in Jerusalem, so you must also testify in Rome.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood by”) has been translated as a finite verb

A Conspiracy to Kill Paul

¹² And when it¹ was day, the Jews made a conspiracy and² bound themselves under a curse, saying they would³ neither eat nor drink until they had killed Paul.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“made”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Literally “saying neither to eat nor to drink”; the words “they would” are supplied for smoother English style

¹³ Now there were more than forty who had made this conspiracy,

¹⁴ who went to the chief priests and the elders and¹ said, “We have bound ourselves under a curse to partake of nothing until we have killed Paul.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went to”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁵ Therefore, now you along with the Sanhedrin explain to the military tribune that he should bring him down to you, as if you were going to determine more accurately the things concerning him. And we are ready to do away with him before he comes near.”

¹⁶ But when¹ the son of Paul’s sister heard about the ambush, he came and entered into the barracks² and³ reported it⁴ to Paul.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard about”) which is understood as temporal
2. Or “headquarters”
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the two previous participles (“came” and “entered”) have been translated as finite verbs
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁷ So Paul called one of the centurions and¹ said, “Bring this young man to the military tribune, because he has something to report to him.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“called”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁸ So he took him and¹ brought him² to the military tribune and said, “The prisoner Paul called me and³ asked me⁴ to bring this young man to you because he⁵ has something to tell you.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“called”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
5. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“has”) which is understood as causal

¹⁹ And the military tribune, taking hold of his hand and withdrawing privately, asked, “What is it that you have to report to me?”

²⁰ And he said, “The Jews have agreed to ask you that you bring Paul down to the Sanhedrin tomorrow, as if they were going to inquire somewhat more accurately concerning him.

²¹ You therefore do not be persuaded by them, because more than forty men of ⌞their number⌟¹ are lying in wait for him, who have bound themselves under a curse neither to eat nor to drink until they have done away with him. And now they are ready, waiting for ⌞you to agree⌟.”²

1. Literally “them”
2. Literally “the assurance of agreement from you”

²² So the military tribune sent the young man away, directing him,¹ “Tell no one that you have revealed these things to me.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²³ And he summoned two of the centurions and¹ said, “Make ready from the third hour of the night two hundred soldiers and seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen,² in order that they may proceed as far as Caesarea.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“summoned”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. A word of uncertain meaning, probably a military technical term

²⁴ And provide mounts so that they can put Paul on them and¹ bring him² safely to Felix the governor.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“put … on”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁵ ⌞He wrote⌟¹ a letter that had this form:²

1. Literally “writing”
2. Or “content”

²⁶ Claudius Lysias. To his excellency Governor Felix. <block> Greetings!

²⁷ This man was seized by the Jews and was about to be killed by them when I¹ came upon them² with the detachment and³ rescued him,⁴ because I⁵ learned that he was a Roman citizen.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came upon”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came upon”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
5. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“learned”) which is understood as causal

²⁸ And because I¹ wanted to know the charge for which they were accusing him, I brought him² down to their Sanhedrin.³

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“wanted”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Or “council”

²⁹ I found ⌞he⌟¹ was accused concerning controversial questions of their law, but having no charge deserving death or imprisonment.

1. Literally “whom”

³⁰ And when it¹ was made known to me there would be a plot against the man, I sent him² to you immediately, also ordering his³ accusers to speak against him⁴ before you. </block>

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was made known”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
4. Some manuscripts have “to state the charges against him” (literally, “to speak the things against him”)

³¹ Therefore the soldiers, in accordance with ⌞their orders⌟,¹ took Paul and² brought him³ to Antipatris during the night.

1. Literally “what was ordered to them”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³² And on the next day they let the horsemen go on with him, and¹ they returned to the barracks.²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“let”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Or “headquarters”

³³ ⌞The horsemen⌟,¹ when they² came to Caesarea and delivered the letter to the governor, also presented Paul to him.

1. Literally “who”
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal

³⁴ So after¹ reading the letter² and asking what province he was from, and learning that he was from Cilicia,

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“reading”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁵ he said, “I will give you a hearing whenever your accusers arrive also,” giving orders for him to be guarded in the praetorium¹ of Herod.

1. The “praetorium” of Herod refers to the palace of Herod the Great in Caesarea Maritima

Paul Before Felix at Caesarea Maritima

¹ And after five days the high priest Ananias came down with some elders and an attorney, a certain Tertullus, all of whom brought charges against Paul to the governor.

² And when¹ he had been summoned, Tertullus began to accuse him,² saying, “We have experienced³ much⁴ peace through you, and reforms are taking place in this nation through your foresight.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had been summoned”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here this participle (“have experienced”) and the following participle (“are taking place”) have been translated as finite verbs in keeping with English style
4. Or “many years,” with “years” understood

³ Both in every way and everywhere we acknowledge this,¹ most excellent Felix, with all gratitude.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴ But so that I may not impose on you for longer, I implore you to hear us briefly with your customary graciousness.

⁵ For we have found¹ this man to be a public menace and one who causes riots among all the Jews throughout the Roman Empire² and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes,

1. *Here this participle (“found”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
2. Literally “the inhabited earth,” but here this is probably rhetorical hyperbole for the Roman Empire, especially since Felix, the Roman governor, is being addressed

⁶ who even attempted to desecrate the temple, and we arrested ⌞him¹⌟.²

1. Literally “whom”
2. Some later manuscripts include the following additional material between v. 6 and v. 8: “and we wanted to judge him according to our law, (24:7) but Lysius the military tribune came and took him from our hands with much violence, (24:8) ordering his accusers to come before you.”

⁸ When¹ you yourself examine him² you will be able to find out from ⌞him⌟³ about all these things of which we are accusing him.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“examine”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “whom”

⁹ And the Jews also joined in the attack, asserting these things were so.

¹⁰ And when¹ the governor gestured for him to speak, Paul replied, “Because I² know you have been a judge over this nation for many years, I defend myself cheerfully with respect to the things concerning myself.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“gestured”)
2. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“know”) which is understood as causal

¹¹ You can ascertain that ⌞it has not been more than⌟¹ twelve days ⌞since⌟² I went up to Jerusalem to worship.

1. Literally “there are not to me more than”
2. Literally “from which time”

¹² And neither did they find me arguing with anyone or making a crowd develop in the temple courts¹ nor in the synagogues nor throughout the city.

1. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

¹³ Nor can they prove the things¹ to you concerning which they are now accusing me.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁴ But I do confess this to you, that according to the Way (which they call a sect), so I worship the God of our fathers, believing all things that are in accordance with the law and that are written in the prophets,

¹⁵ having a hope in God which these men also themselves await: that there is going to be a resurrection of both the righteous and the unrighteous.

¹⁶ ⌞For this reason⌟¹ also I myself ⌞always⌟² do my best to have a clear conscience toward God and people.

1. Literally “by this”
2. Literally “through everything”

¹⁷ So after many years, I came to practice charitable giving and offerings to my people,¹

1. Or “nation”

¹⁸ in which they found me purified in the temple courts,¹ not with a crowd or with a disturbance.

1. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

¹⁹ But there are some Jews from Asia¹ who ought to be present before you and bring charges against me,² if they have anything against me,

1. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁰ or these men themselves should say what crime they found when¹ I stood before the Sanhedrin,²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“stood”)
2. Or “council”

²¹ other than concerning this one declaration that I shouted while¹ standing there before them: ‘I am being judged before you today concerning the resurrection of the dead!’ ”

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the participle (“standing there”) which is understood as temporal

Paul Held Awaiting Trial

²² But Felix, because he¹ understood the facts concerning the Way more accurately, put them off, saying, “When Lysias the military tribune comes down, I will decide ⌞your case⌟.”²

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“understood”) which is understood as causal
2. Literally “the case with respect to you”

²³ He ordered¹ the centurion for him to be guarded and to have some freedom, and in no way to prevent any of his own people² from serving him.

1. *Here this participle (“ordered”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
2. This could refer to either friends or relatives

²⁴ And after some days, when¹ Felix arrived with his wife Drusilla, who was Jewish, he sent for Paul and listened to him concerning faith in Christ Jesus.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrived”) which is understood as temporal

²⁵ And while¹ he was discussing about righteousness and self control and the judgment that is to come, Felix became afraid and² replied, “Go away for the present, and when I³ have an opportunity, I will summon you.”

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was discussing”)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“became”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“have”) which is understood as temporal

²⁶ At the same time he was also hoping that money would be given to him by Paul. For this reason also he sent for him as often as possible and¹ talked with him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sent for”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁷ And when¹ two years had passed, Felix received as successor Porcius Festus. And because he² wanted to do a favor for the Jews, Felix left Paul behind ⌞as a prisoner⌟.³

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had passed”)
2. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“wanted”) which is understood as causal
3. Literally “bound”

Paul Appeals to Caesar

¹ Now when¹ Festus set foot in the province, after three days he went up to Jerusalem from Caesarea.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“set foot in”) which is understood as temporal

² And the chief priests and the most prominent men of the Jews brought charges against Paul to him, and were urging him,

³ asking for a favor against him, that he summon him to Jerusalem, because they¹ were preparing an ambush to do away with him along the way.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were preparing ”) which is understood as causal

⁴ Then Festus replied that Paul was being kept at Caesarea, and he himself was about to go there¹ in a short time.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵ So he said, “Let those among you who are prominent go down with me,¹ and² if there is any wrong in the man, let them bring charges against him.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go down with”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶ And after he¹ had stayed among them not more than eight or ten days, he went down to Caesarea. On the next day he sat down on the judgment seat and² gave orders for Paul to be brought.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had stayed”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sat down”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁷ And when¹ he arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many and serious charges that they were not able to prove,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“arrived”)

⁸ while¹ Paul said in his defense, “Neither against the law of the Jews nor against the temple nor against Caesar have I sinned with reference to anything!”

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“said in his defense”)

⁹ But Festus, because he¹ wanted to do a favor for the Jews, answered and² said to Paul, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem to be tried before me there concerning these things?”

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“wanted”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁰ But Paul said, “I am standing before the judgment seat of Caesar, where it is necessary for me to be judged. I have done no wrong to the Jews, as you also know very well.

¹¹ If then I am doing wrong¹ and have done anything deserving death, I am not trying to avoid² dying. But if there is nothing true of the things which these people are accusing me, no one can give me up to them. I appeal to Caesar!”

1. Or “I am in the wrong”
2. *Here the present tense has been translated as conative (“trying to avoid”)

¹² Then Festus, after¹ discussing this² with his³ council, replied, “You have appealed to Caesar—to Caesar you will go!”

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“discussing”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

Festus Asks King Agrippa for Advice

¹³ Now after¹ some days had passed, King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea to welcome Festus.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had passed”)

¹⁴ And while they were staying there many days, Festus laid out the case against Paul to the king, saying, “There is a certain man left behind by Felix as a prisoner,

¹⁵ concerning whom when¹ I was in Jerusalem the chief priests and the elders of the Jews presented evidence, asking for a sentence of condemnation against him.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)

¹⁶ To ⌞them⌟¹ I replied that it was not the custom of the Romans to give up any man before the one who had been accused met his² accusers face to face and received an opportunity for a defense concerning the accusation.

1. Literally “whom”
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁷ Therefore, when¹ they had assembled here, I made² no delay; on the next day I sat down on the judgment seat and³ gave orders for the man to be brought.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had assembled”)
2. *Here this participle (“made”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the two previous participles (“made” and “sat down”) have been translated as finite verbs

¹⁸ When they¹ stood up, his² accusers began bringing³ no charge concerning ⌞him⌟⁴ of the evil deeds that I was suspecting,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“stood up”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began bringing”)
4. Literally “whom”

¹⁹ but they had some issues with him concerning their own religion, and concerning a certain Jesus, who was dead, whom Paul claimed to be alive.

²⁰ And because¹ I was at a loss with regard to the investigation concerning these things, I asked if he was willing to go to Jerusalem and to be judged there concerning these things.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was at a loss”) which is understood as causal

²¹ But when¹ Paul appealed that he be kept under guard for the decision of His Majesty the Emperor, I gave orders for him to be kept under guard until I could send him to Caesar.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“appealed”)

²² So Agrippa said to Festus, “I want to hear the man myself also.” “Tomorrow,” he said, “you will hear him.”

²³ So on the next day, Agrippa and Bernice came with great pageantry and entered into the audience hall, along with military tribunes and the most prominent men of the city. And when¹ Festus gave the order, Paul was brought in.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“gave the order”)

²⁴ And Festus said, “King Agrippa and all who are present with us, you see this man about whom the whole population of the Jews appealed to me, both in Jerusalem and here, shouting that he must not live any longer.

²⁵ But I understood that he had done nothing deserving death himself, and when¹ this man appealed to His Majesty the Emperor, I decided to send him.²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“appealed to”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁶ I do not have anything definite to write to my¹ lord about ⌞him⌟.² Therefore I have brought him before you all³—and especially before you, King Agrippa—so that after⁴ this preliminary hearing has taken place, I may have something to write.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. Literally “whom”
3. *Here “all” is supplied in the translation to indicate that the pronoun (“you”) is plural
4. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“has taken place”)

²⁷ For it seems unreasonable to me to send a prisoner and not to indicate the charges against him.”

Paul Makes His Defense Before King Agrippa

¹ So Agrippa said to Paul, “It is permitted for you to speak for yourself.” Then Paul extended his¹ hand and² began to defend himself:³

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“extended”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to defend himself”)

² “Concerning all the things of which I am accused by the Jews, King Agrippa, I consider myself fortunate that before you I am about to defend myself today,

³ because¹ you are especially acquainted with both all the customs and controversial questions with respect to the Jews. Therefore I beg you² to listen to me with patience.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“are”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴ “Now all the Jews know my manner of life from my youth, that had taken place from the beginning among my own people¹ and in Jerusalem,

1. Or “nation”

⁵ having known me for a long time, if they are willing to testify, that in accordance with the strictest party of our religion I lived as a Pharisee.

⁶ And now I stand here on trial on the basis of hope in the promise made by God to our fathers,

⁷ to which our twelve tribes hope to attain as they earnestly serve him¹ night and day. Concerning this hope I am being accused by the Jews, O king!

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁸ Why is it thought incredible by you people¹ that God raises the dead?

1. *Here “people” is supplied in the translation to indicate that the pronoun (“you”) is plural

⁹ Indeed, I myself thought it was necessary to do many things opposed to the name of Jesus the Nazarene,

¹⁰ which I also did in Jerusalem, and not only did I lock up many of the saints in prison, having received authority from the chief priests, but also when¹ they were being executed, I cast my vote² against them.³

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were being executed”)
2. Literally “voting pebble,” but here “vote” rather than “voting pebble” is used in the translation to avoid the idea that this small stone was actually thrown at the accused (it was used as a method of voting)
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹¹ And throughout all the synagogues I punished them often and¹ tried to force² them³ to blaspheme, and because I⁴ was enraged at them beyond measure, I was pursuing them⁵ even as far as to foreign cities.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“punished”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as conative here (“tried to force”)
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was enraged”) which is understood as causal
5. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹² In ⌞this activity⌟¹ I was traveling to Damascus with the authority and full power of the chief priests.

1. Literally “which”

¹³ In the middle of the day along the road, O king, I saw a light from heaven, more than the brightness of the sun, shining around me and those who were traveling with me.

¹⁴ And when¹ we had all fallen to the ground, I heard a voice saying to me in the Aramaic language, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads!’

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had … fallen”)

¹⁵ So I said, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ And the Lord said, ‘I am Jesus whom you are persecuting.

¹⁶ But get up and stand on your feet, because for this reason I have appeared to you, to appoint you a servant and witness both to the things in which you saw me and to the things in which I will appear to you,

¹⁷ rescuing you from the people and from the Gentiles to whom I am sending you,

¹⁸ to open their eyes so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, so that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a share among those who are sanctified by faith in me.’

¹⁹ “Therefore, O King Agrippa, I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision,

²⁰ but to those in Damascus first, and in Jerusalem and all the region of Judea and to the Gentiles, I proclaimed that they should repent and turn to God, doing deeds worthy of repentance.

²¹ On account of these things the Jews seized me in¹ the temple courts² and³ were attempting to kill me.⁴

1. Some manuscripts have “while I was in”
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“seized”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²² Therefore I have experienced help from God until this day, and¹ I stand here testifying to both small and great, saying nothing except what both the prophets and Moses have said were going to happen,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“have experienced”) has been translated as a finite verb

²³ that the Christ¹ was to suffer and that as the first of the resurrection from the dead, he was going to proclaim light both to the people and to the Gentiles.”

1. Or “Messiah”

²⁴ And as¹ he was saying these things in his defense, Festus said with a loud voice, “You are out of your mind, Paul! Your² great learning ⌞is driving⌟³ you ⌞insane⌟!”⁴

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was saying … in his defense”)
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. Literally “is turning”
4. Literally “to madness”

²⁵ But Paul said, “I am not out of my mind, most excellent Festus, but am speaking words of truth and rationality.

²⁶ For the king knows about these things, to whom also I am speaking freely, for I am not convinced that these things in any way have escaped¹ his notice, because this ⌞was⌟² not ⌞done⌟³ in a corner.

1. Some manuscripts have “that any of these things in any way has escaped”
2. Literally “is”
3. Literally “having been done”

²⁷ Do you believe the prophets, King Agrippa? I know that you believe.”

²⁸ But Agrippa said to Paul, “In a short time are you persuading me to become a Christian?”¹

1. Or “In a short time you are persuading me to become a Christian”

²⁹ And Paul replied, “I pray to God, whether in a short time or in a long time, not only you but also all those who are listening to me today may become such people as I also am, except for these bonds!”

³⁰ Both the king and the governor got up, and Bernice and those who were sitting with them.

³¹ And as they¹ were going out, they were talking to one another, saying, “This man is not doing anything deserving death or imprisonment.”

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were going out”)

³² And Agrippa said to Festus, “This man could have been released if he had not appealed to Caesar.”

Paul and His Associates Sail for Rome

¹ And when it was decided that we would sail away to Italy, they handed over Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion ⌞named⌟¹ Julius of the Augustan² Cohort.

1. Literally “by name”
2. The meaning and significance of the title “Augustan” is highly debated, as is the precise identification of this military unit; it may be an honorary unit designation given to auxiliary or provincial troops

² And we went aboard a ship from Adramyttium that was about to sail to the places along the coast¹ of Asia² and³ put out to sea. Aristarchus, a Macedonian from Thessalonica, was with us.

1. *The word “coast” is not in the Greek text but is implied
2. A reference to the Roman province of Asia (modern Asia Minor)
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went aboard”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ And on the next day, we put in at Sidon. And Julius, treating Paul kindly, allowed him¹ to go to his² friends ⌞to be cared for⌟.³

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. Literally “to experience care”

⁴ And from there we put out to sea and¹ sailed under the lee of Cyprus, because the winds were against us.²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“put out to sea”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵ And after we¹ had sailed across the open sea along Cilicia and Pamphylia, we put in at Myra in Lycia.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had sailed across”) which is understood as temporal

⁶ And there the centurion found an Alexandrian ship sailing for Italy and¹ put us ⌞on board⌟² it.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“found”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “into”

⁷ And sailing slowly, in many days and with difficulty we came¹ to Cnidus. Because² the wind did not permit us to go further, we sailed under the lee of Crete off Salmone.

1. *Here this participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
2. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“permit … to go further”)

⁸ And sailing along its coast with difficulty, we came to a certain place called Fair Havens, near which was the town of Lasea.

⁹ And because¹ considerable time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous because even the Fast² was already over, Paul strongly recommended,

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“had passed”)
2. A reference to the Jewish Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) which occurs in mid-autumn

¹⁰ saying to them, “Men, I perceive that the voyage is going ⌞to end⌟¹ with disaster and great loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives!”

1. Literally “to be”

¹¹ But the centurion was convinced even more by the shipmaster and the shipowner than by what was said by Paul.

¹² And because¹ the harbor was unsuitable for spending the winter in, the majority decided on a plan to put out to sea from there, if somehow they could arrive at Phoenix, a harbor of Crete facing toward the southwest and toward the northwest, to spend the winter there.²

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“was”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

A Violent Storm at Sea

¹³ And when¹ a southwest wind began to blow gently, because they² thought they could accomplish their purpose, they weighed anchor and³ sailed close along Crete.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“began to blow gently”)
2. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“thought”) which is understood as causal
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“weighed anchor”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁴ But not long afterward a wind like a hurricane, called the northeaster,¹ rushed down from it.²

1. Literally “Euraquilo,” a violent northern wind
2. That is, from the island of Crete

¹⁵ And when¹ the ship was caught and was not able to head into the wind, we gave way and² were driven along.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was caught”)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“gave way”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁶ And running under the lee of a certain small island called Cauda, we were able with difficulty to get the ship’s boat under control.

¹⁷ After¹ hoisting ⌞it up⌟,² they made use of supports to undergird the ship. And because they³ were afraid lest they run aground on the Syrtis, they lowered the sea anchor and⁴ thus were driven along.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“hoisting”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “which”
3. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were afraid”) which is understood as causal
4. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“lowered”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁸ And because¹ we were violently battered by the storm, on the next day ⌞they began⌟² jettisoning the cargo,³

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“battered by the storm”)
2. Literally “they began to carry out”
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁹ and on the third day they threw overboard the gear of the ship with their own hands.

²⁰ But when¹ neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and with not a little bad weather confronting us,² finally all hope was abandoned that we would be saved.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“appeared”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²¹ And because¹ many were experiencing lack of appetite, at that time Paul stood up in their midst and² said, “Men, you ought to have followed my advice not to put out to sea from Crete, and thus avoided this damage and loss!

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“were experiencing”)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood up”) has been translated as a finite verb

²² And now I urge you to cheer up, for there will be no loss of life from among you, but only of the ship.

²³ For this night an angel of the God whose I am and whom I serve came to me,

²⁴ saying, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul! It is necessary for you to stand before Caesar, and behold, God has graciously granted you all who are sailing with you.’

²⁵ Therefore keep up your courage, men, for I believe God that it will be like this—according to ⌞the⌟¹ way it was told to me.

1. Literally “which”

²⁶ But it is necessary that we run aground on some island.”

²⁷ And when the fourteenth night had come, as¹ we were being driven in the Adriatic Sea about the middle of the night, the sailors suspected ⌞they were approaching some land⌟.²

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were being driven”)
2. Literally “some land was approaching them”

²⁸ And taking soundings, they found twenty fathoms. So going on a little further and taking soundings again, they found fifteen fathoms.

²⁹ And because they¹ were afraid lest somewhere we run aground against rough places, they threw down four anchors from the stern and² prayed for day to come.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were afraid”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“threw down”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁰ And when¹ the sailors were seeking to escape from the ship and were lowering the ship’s boat into the sea, pretending as if they were going to lay out anchors from the bow,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were seeking”)

³¹ Paul said to the centurion and the soldiers, “Unless these men remain with the ship, you cannot be saved!”

³² Then the soldiers cut away the ropes of the ship’s boat and let it fall away.¹

1. Or “let it drift away”

³³ And until the day was about to come, Paul was urging them all to take some food, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day you have waited anxiously, and¹ you have continued without eating, having taken nothing.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“have waited”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁴ Therefore I urge you to take some food, for this is necessary for your preservation. For not a hair from your head will be lost.”

³⁵ And after he¹ said these things and took bread, he gave thanks to God in front of them all, and after² breaking it,³ he began to eat.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“said”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“breaking”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁶ So they all were¹ encouraged and partook of food themselves.

1. *Here this participle (“were”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style

³⁷ (Now we were in all two hundred seventy six persons on the ship.)

³⁸ And when they¹ had eaten their fill of food, they lightened the ship by² throwing the wheat³ into the sea.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had eaten their fill”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“throwing”) which is understood as means
3. Or “grain”

The Shipwreck

³⁹ Now when day came, they did not recognize the land, but they noticed a certain bay having a beach, onto which they decided to run the ship ashore if they could.

⁴⁰ And slipping the anchors, they left them¹ in the sea, at the same time loosening the ropes² of the steering oars. And hoisting the foresail to the wind that was blowing, they held course for the beach.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Or “bands” (referring to the linkage that tied the steering oars together)

⁴¹ But falling into a place of crosscurrents,¹ they ran the ship aground. And the bow stuck fast and² stayed immovable, but the stern was being broken up by the violence.³

1. Or “a reef”; literally “a place of two seas,” an expression of uncertain meaning but most likely a nautical technical term for some adverse sea condition
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stuck fast”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Some manuscripts have “the violence of the waves”

⁴² Now the plan of the soldiers was that they would kill the prisoners lest any escape by¹ swimming away,

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“swimming away”) which is understood as means

⁴³ but the centurion, because he¹ wanted to save Paul, prevented them ⌞from doing what they intended⌟,² and gave orders that those who were able to swim should jump in first to get to the land,

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“wanted”) which is understood as causal
2. Literally “of the intention”

⁴⁴ and then the rest, some of whom floated¹ on planks and some of whom on anything that was from the ship. And in this way all were brought safely to the land.

1. *The word “floated” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity

Paul on Malta

¹ And after we¹ were brought safely through, then we found out that the island was called Malta.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were brought safely through”) which is understood as temporal

² And the local inhabitants showed ⌞extraordinary⌟¹ kindness to us, for they lit a fire and² welcomed us all, because of the rain that had begun and because of the cold.

1. Literally “not the ordinary”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“lit”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ And when¹ Paul had gathered a large number of sticks and was placing them² on the fire, a viper came out because of the heat and³ fastened itself on his hand.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had gathered”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came out”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴ And when the local people saw the creature hanging from his hand, they began saying¹ to one another, “Doubtless this man is a murderer whom, although he² was rescued from the sea, Justice³ has not permitted to live!”

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began saying”)
2. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was rescued”) which is understood as concessive
3. *Here personified as a goddess

⁵ He, in turn, shook off the creature into the fire and¹ suffered no harm.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“shook off”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶ But they were expecting that he was going to swell up¹ or suddenly to fall down dead. So after² they had waited for a long time and saw nothing unusual happen to him, they changed their minds and³ began saying⁴ that he was a god.

1. Or “to burn with fever” (either meaning is possible here)
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had waited”)
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“changed their minds”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began saying”)

⁷ Now in the regions around that place were fields belonging to the chief official of the island, ⌞named⌟¹ Publius, who welcomed us and² entertained us³ hospitably for three days.

1. Literally “by name”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“welcomed”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁸ And it happened that the father of Publius was lying down, afflicted with fever and dysentery. Paul went¹ to ⌞him⌟² and after³ praying, he placed his⁴ hands on him and⁵ healed him.

1. *Here this participle (“went”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
2. Literally “whom”
3. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“praying”) which is understood as temporal
4. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
5. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“placed”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁹ And after¹ this had taken place, the rest of those on the island who had diseases were coming and being healed also.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had taken place”)

¹⁰ They also honored us with many honors, and when we¹ were putting out to sea, they gave us² the things ⌞we needed⌟.³

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“putting out to sea”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “for the needs”

Paul Arrives in Rome at Last

¹¹ Now after three months we put out to sea in a ship that had wintered at the island, an Alexandrian one ⌞with the twin gods Castor and Pollux as its insignia⌟.¹

1. Literally “marked with the Dioscuri” (a joint name for the twin gods Castor and Pollux)

¹² And putting in at Syracuse, we stayed there three days.

¹³ From there we got underway¹ and² arrived at Rhegium, and after one day a south wind came up and³ on the second day we came to Puteoli,