Paul on Malta

¹ And after we¹ were brought safely through, then we found out that the island was called Malta.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were brought safely through”) which is understood as temporal

² And the local inhabitants showed ⌞extraordinary⌟¹ kindness to us, for they lit a fire and² welcomed us all, because of the rain that had begun and because of the cold.

1. Literally “not the ordinary”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“lit”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ And when¹ Paul had gathered a large number of sticks and was placing them² on the fire, a viper came out because of the heat and³ fastened itself on his hand.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had gathered”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came out”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴ And when the local people saw the creature hanging from his hand, they began saying¹ to one another, “Doubtless this man is a murderer whom, although he² was rescued from the sea, Justice³ has not permitted to live!”

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began saying”)
2. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was rescued”) which is understood as concessive
3. *Here personified as a goddess

⁵ He, in turn, shook off the creature into the fire and¹ suffered no harm.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“shook off”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶ But they were expecting that he was going to swell up¹ or suddenly to fall down dead. So after² they had waited for a long time and saw nothing unusual happen to him, they changed their minds and³ began saying⁴ that he was a god.

1. Or “to burn with fever” (either meaning is possible here)
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had waited”)
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“changed their minds”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began saying”)

⁷ Now in the regions around that place were fields belonging to the chief official of the island, ⌞named⌟¹ Publius, who welcomed us and² entertained us³ hospitably for three days.

1. Literally “by name”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“welcomed”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁸ And it happened that the father of Publius was lying down, afflicted with fever and dysentery. Paul went¹ to ⌞him⌟² and after³ praying, he placed his⁴ hands on him and⁵ healed him.

1. *Here this participle (“went”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
2. Literally “whom”
3. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“praying”) which is understood as temporal
4. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
5. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“placed”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁹ And after¹ this had taken place, the rest of those on the island who had diseases were coming and being healed also.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had taken place”)

¹⁰ They also honored us with many honors, and when we¹ were putting out to sea, they gave us² the things ⌞we needed⌟.³

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“putting out to sea”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “for the needs”

Paul Arrives in Rome at Last

¹¹ Now after three months we put out to sea in a ship that had wintered at the island, an Alexandrian one ⌞with the twin gods Castor and Pollux as its insignia⌟.¹

1. Literally “marked with the Dioscuri” (a joint name for the twin gods Castor and Pollux)

¹² And putting in at Syracuse, we stayed there three days.

¹³ From there we got underway¹ and² arrived at Rhegium, and after one day a south wind came up and³ on the second day we came to Puteoli,

1. Or “we sailed along” (with “the coast” understood); the exact meaning of the text as it stands is disputed and various additional terms have to be supplied in any case
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got underway”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁴ where we found brothers, and¹ were implored to stay with them seven days. And in this way we came to Rome.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“found”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁵ And from there the brothers, when they¹ heard the news about us, came to meet us as far as the Forum of Appius and Three Taverns. When he² saw them, Paul gave thanks to God and³ took courage.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“gave thanks”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁶ And when we entered into Rome, Paul was allowed to stay by himself with the soldier who was guarding him.

Paul and the Jewish Community in Rome

¹⁷ Now it happened that after three days, he called together those who were the most prominent of the Jews. And when¹ they had assembled, he said to them, “Men and brothers, although² I had done nothing against our³ people or the customs of our fathers, from Jerusalem I was delivered as a prisoner into the hands of the Romans,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had assembled”)
2. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had done”) which is understood as concessive
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁸ who, when they¹ had examined me, were wanting to release me,² because there was no basis for an accusation worthy of death with me.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had examined”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁹ But because¹ the Jews objected, I was forced to appeal to Caesar (not as if I² had any charge to bring against my own people).³

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the causal genitive absolute participle (“objected”)
2. *Here “if” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had”) which is understood as concessive
3. Or “nation”

²⁰ Therefore for this reason I have requested to see you and to speak with you,¹ for because of the hope of Israel I am wearing this chain!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²¹ And they said to him, “We have received no letters about you from Judea, nor has any of the brothers come and¹ reported or spoken anything evil about you.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come”) has been translated as a finite verb

²² But we would like to hear from you what you think, for concerning this sect it is known to us that it is spoken against everywhere.”

²³ And when they¹ had set a day with him, many more came to him at his lodging place, to whom he was explaining from early in the morning until evening, testifying about the kingdom of God and attempting to convince² them about Jesus from both the law of Moses and the prophets.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had set”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the present tense has been translated as conative (“attempting to convince”)

²⁴ And some were convinced by¹ what was said, but others refused to believe.

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“what was said”) which is understood as means

²⁵ So being in disagreement with one another, they began to leave after¹ Paul made one statement: “The Holy Spirit spoke rightly through the prophet Isaiah to your fathers,

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“made”)

²⁶ saying, ‘Go to this people and say, “⌞You will keep on hearing⌟¹ and will never understand, and ⌞you will keep on seeing⌟² and will never perceive.

1. Literally “hearing you will hear”
2. Literally “seeing you will see”

²⁷ For the heart of this people has become dull, and with their¹ ears they hear with difficulty, and they have shut their eyes, lest they see with their² eyes, and hear with their³ ears, and understand with their⁴ heart, and turn, and I would heal them.” ’⁵

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
4. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
5. A quotation from Isa 6:9–10

²⁸ Therefore let it be known to you that this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles. They also will listen!”¹

1. Some later manuscripts include v. 29: “And when he had said these things, the Jews departed, having a great dispute among themselves.”

³⁰ So he stayed two whole years in his own rented house, and welcomed all who came to him,

³¹ proclaiming the kingdom of God and teaching the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness, without hindrance.