μετά

μετά — metá

μετά (on its neglect of elision before proper names beginning with a vowel, and before sundry other words (at least in Tdf.s text) see Tdf. Proleg., p. 95; cf. WH. Introduction, p. 146b; Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; Buttmann, p. 10), a preposition, akin to μέσος (as German mit to Mitte, mitten) and hence, properly, in the midst of, amid, denoting association, union, accompaniment; (but some recent etymologists doubt its kinship to μέσος; some connect it rather with ἅμα, German sammt, cf. Curtius, § 212; Vanicek, p. 972). It takes the genitive and accusative (in the Greek poets also the dative). (On the distinction between μετά and σύν, see σύν, at the beginning)

I. with the genitive; (the Sept. for אֵת, עִם, אַחַר, etc.), among, with (cf. Winer's Grammar, 376f (352f));

1. amid, among;

a. properly: μετά τῶν νεκρῶν, among the dead, Luk 24:5 (μετά νεκρῶν κείσομαι, Euripides, Hec. 209; θάψετε με μετά τῶν πατέρων μου, Gen 49:29, the Sept.; μετά ζώντων εἶναι, to be among the living, Sophocles Phil. 1312); λογίζεσθαι μετά ἀνόμων, to be reckoned, numbered, among transgressor's, Mar 15:28 (G T WH omit; Tr brackets the verse) and Luk 22:37, from Isa 53:12 (where the Sept. ἐν ἀνόμοις); μετά τῶν θηρίων εἶναι, Mar 1:13; γογγύζειν μετ' ἀλλήλων, Joh 6:43; σκηνή τοῦ Θεοῦ μετά τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Rev 21:3; add, Mat 24:51; Mat 26:58; Mar 14:54; Luk 12:46; Joh 18:5; Joh 18:1 S; Act 1:26, etc.

b. tropically: μετά διωγμῶν, amid persecutions, Mar 10:30 (μετά κινδύνων, amid perils, Thucydides 1, 18); ἡ ἀγάπη μεθ' ἡμῶν, love among us, mutual love, 1Jn 4:17 (others understand μεθ' ἡμῶν here of the sphere or abode, and connect it with the verb; cf. DeWette, or Huther, or Westcott, in the place cited). Hence, used,

2. of association and companionship, with (Latincum; German mit, often alsobei);

a. after verbs of going, coming, departing, remaining, etc., with the genitive of the associate or companion: Mat 20:20; Mat 26:36; Mar 1:29; Mar 3:7; Mar 11:11; Mar 14:1; Luk 6:17; Luk 14:31; Joh 3:22; Joh 11:54; Gal 2:1; Jesus the Messiah it is said will come hereafter μετά τῶν ἀγγέλων, Mat 16:27; Mar 8:38; 1Th 3:13; 2Ti 1:7; on the other band, with the genitive of the person to whom one joins himself as a companion: Mat 5:41; Mar 5:24.; Luk 2:51; Rev 22:12; ἄγγελοι μετ' αὐτοῦ, Mat 25:31; μετά τίνος, contextually equivalent to with one as leader, Mat 25:10; Mat 26:47; Mar 14:43; Act 7:45. περιπατεῖν μετά τίνος, to associate with one as his follower and adherent, Joh 6:66; γίνομαι μετά τίνος, to come into fellowship and contact with, become associated with, one: Mar 16:10; Act 7:38; Act 9:19; Act 20:18. παραλαμβάνειν τινα μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ, to take with or to oneself as an attendant or companion: Mat 12:45; Mat 18:16; Mar 14:33; ἄγειν, 2Ti 4:11; ἔχειν μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ, to have with oneself: τινα, Mat 15:30; Mat 26:11; Mar 2:19; Mar 14:7; Joh 12:8; τί, Mar 8:14; λαμβάνειν, Mat 25:3; ἀκολουθεῖν μετά τίνος, see ἀκολουθέω, 1 and 2 (cf. Winers Grammar, 233f (219)).

b. εἶναι μετά τίνος is used in various senses, α. properly, of those who associate with one and accompany him wherever he goes: in which sense the disciples of Jesus are said to be (or to have been) with him, Mar 3:14; Mat 26:69; Mat 26:71; Luk 22:59, cf. Mar 5:18; with ἀπ' ἀρχῆς added, Joh 15:27; of those who at a particular time associate with one or accompany him anywhere, Mat 5:25; Joh 3:26; Joh 9:40; Joh 12:17; Joh 20:24; Joh 20:26; 2Ti 4:11; sometimes the participle ὤν, ὄντα, etc., must be added mentally: Mat 26:51; Mar 9:8; Joh 18:26; οἱ (ὄντες) μετά τίνος, his attendants or companions, Mat 12:4; Mar 2:25; Luk 6:3; Act 20:34; namely, ὄντες, Tit 3:15. Jesus says that he is or has been with his disciples, Joh 13:33; Joh 14:9; and that, to advise and help them, Joh 16:4; Mat 17:17 (Mar 9:19 and Luk 9:41 πρός ὑμᾶς), even as one whom they could be said to have with them, Mat 9:15; Luk 5:34; just as he in turn desires that his disciples may hereafter be with himself, Joh 17:24. ships also are said to be with one who is travelling by vessel, i. e. to attend him, Mar 4:36. β. tropically, the phrase (to be with, see b.) is used of God, if he is present to guide and help one: Joh 3:2; Joh 8:29; Joh 16:32; Act 7:9; Act 10:38; 2Co 13:11; Php 4:9; with εἶναι omitted, Mat 1:23; Luk 1:28; Rom 15:33; here belongs ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός μετ' αὐτῶν namely, ὤν, by being present with them by his divine assistance (cf. Winers Grammar, 376 (353); Green, p. 218), Act 14:27; Act 15:4 (cf.

b. below); and conversely, πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης μετά τοῦ προσώπου σου namely, ὄντα, i. e. being in thy presence (yet cf. Winer's Grammar, 376 (352) note), Act 2:28 from Psalm 15:11; ἡ χείρ κυρίου is used as a substitute for God himself (by a Hebraism (see χείρ, under the end)) in Luk 1:66; Act 11:21; of Christ, who is to be present with his followers by his divine power and aid: Mat 28:20; Act 18:10 (μένειν μετά is used of the Holy Spirit as a perpetual helper, Joh 14:16 R G); at the close of the Epistles, the writers pray that there may be with the readers (i. e., always present to help them) — ὁ Θεός, 2Co 13:11; — ὁ κύριος, 2Th 3:16; 2Ti 4:22; — ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (where ἔστω must be supplied (cf. Winers Grammar, § 64, 2 b.; Buttmann, § 129, 22)), Rom 16:20; Rom 16:24 (B G); 1Co 16:23; 2Co 13:13 (14); Gal 6:18; Php 4:23; 1Th 5:28; 2Th 3:18; Phm 1:25; Rev 22:21; — ἡ χάρις simply, Eph 6:24; Col 4:18; 1Ti 6:21(22); Tit 3:15; Heb 13:25; 2Jn 1:3; — ἡ ἀγάπη μου, 1Co 16:24; the same phrase is used also of truth, compared to a guide, 2Jn 1:2. γ. opposed to εἶναι κατά τίνος, to be with one i. e. on one's side: Mat 12:30; Luk 11:23, (and often in classical Greek); similarly μένειν μετά τίνος, to side with one steadfastly, 1Jn 2:19.

c. with the genitive of the person who is another's associate either in acting or in his experiences; so after verbs of eating, drinking, supping, etc.: Mat 8:11; Mat 9:11; Mat 24:49; Mat 26:18; Mat 26:23; Mat 26:29; Mar 14:18; Mar 14:20; Luk 5:30; Luk 7:36; Luk 22:11; Luk 22:15; Luk 24:30; Joh 13:18; Gal 2:12; Rev 3:20, etc.; γρηγορεῖν, Mat 26:38; Mat 26:40; χαίρειν, κλαίειν, Rom 12:15; εὐφραίνεσθαι, Rom 15:10; παροικεῖν, Heb 11:9; δουλεύειν, Gal 4:25; βασιλεύειν, Rev 20:4; Rev 20:6; ζῆν, Luk 2:36; ἀποθνῄσκειν, Joh 11:16; βάλλεσθαι εἰς τήν γῆν, Rev 12:9; κληρονομεῖν, Gal 4:30; συνάγειν, Mat 12:30; Luk 11:23, and other examples d. with a genitive of the person with whom one (of two) does anything mutually or by turns: so after συναίρειν λόγον, to make a reckoning, settle accounts, Mat 18:23; Mat 25:19; συνάγεσθαι, Mat 28:12; Joh 18:2; συμβούλιον ποιεῖν, Mar 3:6; λαλεῖν (see λαλέω, 5); συλλαλεῖν, Mat 17:3; Act 25:12; μοιχεύειν, Rev 2:22; μολύνεσθαι, Rev 14:4; πορνεύειν, Rev 17:2; Rev 18:3; Rev 18:9; μερίζομαι, Luk 12:13; after verbs of disputing, waging war, contending at law: πολεμεῖν, Rev 2:16; Rev 12:7 (where Rec. κατά); (so for פ עִם גִּלְחַם, 1Sa 17:33; 1Ki 12:24, a usage foreign to the native Greeks, who say πολεμεῖν τίνι, also πρός τινα, ἐπί τινα, to wage war against one; but πολεμεῖν μετά τίνος, to wage ware with one as an ally, in conjunction with, Thucydides 1, 18; Xenophon, Hell. 7,1,27; (cf. Buttmann, § 133, 8; Winer's Grammar, § 28, 1; 214 (201); 406 (379) note)); πόλεμον ποιεῖν, Rev 11:7; Rev 12:17; Rev 13:7; Rev 19:19 (so in Latinbellare cum etc. Cicero, Verr. 2, 4, 33;bellum gerere, Cicero, de divinat. 1, 46); ζήτησις ἐγένετο, Joh 3:25; ζητεῖν, Joh 16:19; κρίνεσθαι, κρίματα ἔχειν, 1Co 6:6 f; after verbs and phrases which indicate mutual inclinations and pursuits, the entering into agreement or relations with, etc.; as εἰρηνεύειν, εἰρήνην διώκειν, Rom 12:18; 2Ti 2:22; Heb 12:14; φίλος,; συμφώνειν, Mat 20:2; μερίς μετά τίνος, 2Co 6:15; ἔχειν μέρος, Joh 13:8; συγκατάθεσις, 2Co 6:16; κοινωνίαν ἔχεινv, 1Jn 1:3; 1Jn 1:6 f; αἰτία (see the word, 3), Mat 19:10.

e. of divers other associations of persons or things; — where the action or condition expressed by the verb refers to persons or things besides those specified by the dative or accusative (somewhat rare in Greek authors, as ἰσχύν τέ καί κάλλος μετά ὑγιείας λαμβάνειν, Plato, rep. 9, p. 591 b. (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 47, h.)): εἶδον (Rec. εὗρον) τό παιδίον μετά Μαρίας, Mat 2:11; ἀνταποδοῦναι... ὑμῖν... μεθ' ἡμῶν, 2Th 1:6 f; after ἐκδέχεσθαι, 1Co 16:11; after verbs of sending, Mat 22:16; 2Co 8:18. ἀγάπη μετά πίστεως, Eph 6:23; ἐν πίστει... μετά σωφροσύνης, 1Ti 2:15; ἡ εὐσέβεια μετά αὐταρκείας, 1Ti 6:6; in this way the term which follows is associated as secondary with its predecessor as primary; but when καί stands between them they are coordinated. Col 1:11; 1Ti 1:14. of mingling one thing with another, μίγνυμι τί μετά τίνος (in classical authors τί τίνι (cf. Buttmann, § 133, 8)): Luk 13:1; passive Mat 27:34.

f. with the genitive of mental feelings desires and emotions, of bodily movements, and of other acts which are so to speak the attendants of what is done or occurs; so that in this way the characteristic of the action or occurrence is described — which in most cases can be expressed by a cognate adverb or participle (cf. Winer's Grammar, as above): μετά αἰδοῦς, 1Ti 2:9; Heb 12:28 (Rec.); αἰσχύνης, Luk 14:9; ἡσυχίας, 2Th 3:12; χαρᾶς, Mat 13:20; Mar 4:16; Luk 8:13; Luk 10:17; Luk 24:52; Php 2:29; 1Th 1:6; Heb 10:34; προθυμίας, Act 17:11; φοβοῦ καί τρόμου, 2Co 7:15; Eph 6:5; Php 2:12; φοβοῦ καί χαρᾶς, Mat 28:8 πραΰτητος καί φοβοῦ, 1Pe 3:16 (15); παρρησίας, Act 2:29; Act 4:29; Act 4:31; Act 28:31; Heb 4:16; εὐχαριστίας, Act 24:3; Php 4:6; 1Ti 4:3 f; ἀληθινῆς καρδίας, Heb 10:22; ταπεινοφροσύνης κτλ., Eph 4:2 : Act 20:19; ὀργῆς, Mar 3:5; εὐνοίας, Eph 6:7; βίας, Act 5:26; Act 24:7 Rec.; μετά διακρυων, with tears, Mar 9:24 (R G WH (rejected) marginal reading); Heb 5:7; Heb 12:17 (Plato, Apology, p. 34 c.); εἰρήνης, Act 15:33; Heb 11:31; ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν, 1Ti 4:14 (Winer's Grammar, as above); φωνῆς μεγάλης, Luk 17:15; νηστειῶν, Act 14:23; ὅρκου or ὁρκωμοσίας, Mat 14:7; Mat 26:72; Heb 7:21; θορύβου, Act 24:18; παρακλήσεως, 2Co 8:4; παρατηρήσεως, Luk 17:20; σπουδῆς, Mar 6:25; Luk 1:39; ὕβρεως καί ζημίας, Act 27:10; φαντασίας,; ἀφροῦ, Luk 9:39; to this head may be referred μετά κουστωδίας, posting the guard, Mat 27:66 (so Winers Grammar (at the passage cited), et al. (cf. Meyer at the passage); others 'in company with the guard'; cf. James Morison at the passage; Green, p. 218).

g. after verbs of coining, departing, sending, with the genitive of the thing with which one is furnished or equipped: μετά δόξης καί δυνάμεως, Mat 24:30; Mar 13:26; Luk 21:27; ἐξουσίας καί ἐπιτροπῆς, Act 26:12; μαχαιρῶν καί ξύλων, Mat 26:47; Mat 26:55; Mar 14:43; Mar 14:48; Luk 22:52; φανῶν καί ὅπλων, Joh 18:3; μετά σάλπιγγος, Mat 24:31 (cf. Buttmann, § 132, 10); where an instrumental dative might have been used (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 31, 8 d.), μετά βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ ἐξάγειν τινα, Act 13:17. h. in imitation of the Hebrew: ἔλεος ποιεῖν μετά τίνος, to show mercy toward one, and μεγαλύνειν ἐλ. μετά τ'., to magnify, show great, mercy toward one; see τό ἔλεος, 1. To this head many refer ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός μετ' αὐτῶν, Act 14:27; Act 15:4, but see above, 2 b. β.

II. with the accusative (Winer's Grammar, § 49, f.);

1. properly, into the middle of, into the midst of, among, after verbs of coming, bringing, moving; so especially in Homer

2. it denotes (following accompaniment), sequence, i. e. the order in which one tiring follows another;

a. in order of place; after, behind, (so from Homer down); once in the N. T. (Winer's Grammar, as above): Heb 9:3 (Jdt 2:4).

b. in order of Time; after (the Sept. for אַחַר, אַחֲרֵי, מִקֵּץ, etc.): μεθ' ἡμέρας ἕξ, after six days (had passed) Mat 17:1; Mar 9:2; add, Mat 26:2; Mar 14:1; Luk 1:24; Luk 2:46, etc., cf. Fritzsche, Commentary on Matthew, p. 22f; μετ' οὐ πολλάς ἡμέρας, Luk 15:13; μετά... τινας ἡμέρας, Act 15:36; Act 24:24; οὐ μετά πολλάς ταύτας ἡμέρας, not long after these days (A. V. not many days hence), Act 1:5, cf. DeWette at the passage and Winers Grammar, 161 (152); (Buttmann, § 127, 4); μετά τρεῖς μῆνας, Act 28:11; μετά ἔτη τρία, Gal 1:18, etc.; μετά χρόνον πολύν, Mat 25:19; μετά τοσοῦτον χρόνον, Heb 4:7. added to the names of events or achievements, and of festivals: μετά τήν μετοικεσίαν Βαβυλῶνος, Mat 1:12; μετά τήν θλῖψιν, Mat 24:29; Mar 13:24; add, Mat 27:53; Act 10:37; Act 20:29; 2Pe 1:15; μετά τήν ἀνάγνωσιν, Act 13:15; μετά μίαν καί δευτέραν νουθεσίαν, Tit 3:10; μετά τό πάσχα, Act 12:4 cf. Act 20:6; with the names of persons or things having the notion of time associated with them: μετά τοῦτον, αὐτόν, etc., Act 5:37; Act 7:5; Act 13:25; Act 19:4; μετά τόν νόμον, Heb 7:28; μετά τό ψωμίον, after the morsel was taken, Joh 13:27 (cf. Buttmann, § 147, 26); followed by the neuter demonstrative pronoun (cf. Winer's Grammar, 540 (503)): μετά τοῦτο. Joh 2:12; Joh 11:7; Joh 11:11; Joh 19:28; Heb 9:27; (Rev 7:1 L T Tr WH); μετά ταῦτα (cf. Winer's Grammar, 162 (153)), Mar 16:12; Luk 5:27; Luk 10:1; Luk 12:4 (Winer's Grammar, as above);; Act 7:7; Act 13:20; Act 15:16; Act 18:1; Joh 3:22; Joh 5:1; Joh 5:14; Joh 6:1; Joh 7:1; Joh 13:7; Joh 19:38; Joh 21:1; Heb 4:8; 1Pe 1:11; Rev 1:19; Rev 4:1; Rev 7:1 (Rec.),;, and very often in Greek writings it stands before the neuter of adjectives of quantity, measure, and time: μετ' οὐ πολύ, not long after (R. V. after no long time), Act 27:14; μετά μικρόν, shortly after (A. V. after a little while), Mat 26:73; Mar 14:70; μετά βραχύ, Luk 22:58; also before infinitives with the neuter article (Latinpostquam with a finite verb (cf. Buttmann, § 140, 11; Winer's Grammar, § 44, 6)); — the aorist infinitive: Mat 26:32; Mar 1:14; Mar 14:28; Mar 16:19; Luk 12:5; Luk 22:20 (WH reject the passage); Act 1:3; Act 7:4; Act 10:41; Act 15:13; Act 20:1; 1Co 11:25; Heb 10:26.

III. In Composition, μετά denotes

1. association, fellowship, participation, with: as in μεταδιδόναι, μεταλαμβάνειν, μετέχειν, μετοχή.

2. exchange, transfer, transmutation; (Latintrans, German um): μεταλλάσσω, μεταμέλομαι (Prof. Grimm probably means here μετανοέω; see 3 and in μεταμέλομαι), μετοικίζω, μεταμορφόω, etc.

3. after: μεταμέλομαι. Cf. Viger. edition Herm., p. 639.