οὕτως

οὕτω — hoútō

οὕτω and οὕτως (formerly in printed editions οὕτω appeared before a consonant, οὕτως before a vowel; but (recent critical editors, following the best manuscripts ("Codex Sinaiticus has οὕτω but fourteen times in the N. T." Scrivener, Collation etc., p. liv.; cf. his Introduction etc., p. 561), have restored οὕτως; viz. Treg. uniformly, 205 times; Tdf. 203 times, 4 times οὕτω; Lachmann 196 times, 7 times οὕτω (all before a consonant); WH 196 times, 10 times οὕτω (all before a consonant); cf. Tdf. Proleg., p. 97; WHs Appendix, p. 146f); cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 b.; B. 9; (Lob. Pathol. Elementa ii. 218ff); cf. Krüger, § 11, 12, 1; Kühner, § 72, 3 a.), adverb (from οὗτος) (fr. Homer down), the Sept. for כֵּן, in this manner, thus, so:

1. by virtue of its native demonstrative force it refers to what precedes; "in the manner spoken of; in the way described; in the way it was done; in this manner; in such a manner; thus, so": Mat 6:30; Mat 11:26; Mat 17:12; Mat 19:8; Mar 14:59; Luk 1:25; Luk 2:48; Luk 12:28; Rom 11:5; 1Co 8:12; 1Co 15:11; Heb 6:9; (2Pe 3:11 WH Tr marginal reading); οὐχ οὕτως ἔσται (L Tr WH ἐστιν (so also T in Mark)) ἐν ὑμῖν, it will not be so among you (I hope), Mat 20:26; Mar 10:43; ὑμεῖς οὐχ οὕτως namely, ἔσεσθε, Luk 22:26; ἐάν ἀφῶμεν αὐτόν οὕτως namely, ποιοῦντα, thus as he has done hitherto (see ἀφίημι, 2 b.), Joh 11:48; it refers to similitudes and comparisons, and serves to adapt them to the case in hand, Mat 5:16 (even so, i. e. as the lamp on the lampstand); Mat 12:45; Mat 13:49; Mat 18:14; Mat 20:16; Luk 12:21 (WH brackets the verse);; Joh 3:8; 1Co 9:24; likewise οὕτως καί, Mat 17:12; Mat 18:35; Mat 24:33; Mar 13:20; Luk 17:10. οὕτως ἔχειν, to be so (Latinsic oritasehabere): Act 7:1; Act 12:15; Act 17:11; Act 24:9. it serves to resume participles (Josephus, Antiquities 8, 11, 1; b. j. 2, 8, 5; see examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, 1 h.; (Liddell and Scott, v. I. 7)): Act 20:11; Act 27:17; but Joh 4:6 must not (with Winers Grammar, § 65, 9 at the end; Buttmann, § 144, 21) be referred to this head, see Meyer (and 5 d. below); on Rev 3:5, see 5 c. below. It takes the place of an explanatory participial clause, equivalent to matters being thus arranged, under these circumstances, in such a condition of things (Buttmann, § 149, 1; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 60, 5): Rom 5:12 (this connection between sin and death being established (but this explanation of the οὕτως appears to be too general (cf. Meyer ad loc.))); Heb 6:15 (i. e. since God had pledged the promise by an oath); equivalent to things having been thus settled, this having been done, then: Mat 11:26; Act 7:8; Act 28:14; 1Co 14:25; 1Th 4:17; 2Pe 1:11; cf. Fritzsche, Commentary to Romans, i., p. 298. Closely related to this use is that of of οὕτως (like Latinita foritaque,igitur) in the sense of consequently (cf. English so at the beginning of a sentence): Mat 7:17; Rom 1:15; Rom 6:11; Rev 3:16 ((cf. Fritzsche on Matthew, p. 220); Passow, under the word, 2; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, II.)).

2. it prepares the way for what follows: Mat 6:9; Luk 19:31; Joh 21:1; οὕτως ἦν, was arranged thus, was on this wise (Winers Grammar, 465 (434); Buttmann, § 129, 11), Mat 1:18; οὕτως ἐστι τό θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ followed by an infinitive, so is the will of God, that, 1Pe 2:15. before language quoted from the O. T.: Mat 2:5; Act 7:6; Act 13:34; Act 13:47; 1Co 15:45; Heb 4:4.

3. with adjectives, so (Latintam, marking degree of intensity): Heb 12:21; Rev 16:18; postpositive, τί δειλοί ἐστε οὕτως; Mar 4:40 (L Tr WH omit); in the same sense with adverbs, Gal 1:6; or with verbs, so greatly, 1Jn 4:11; οὕτως... ὥστε, Joh 3:16. οὐδέποτε ἐφάνη οὕτως, it was never seen in such fashion, i. e. such an extraordinary sight, Mat 9:33 (ἐφάνη must be taken impersonally; cf. Bleek, Synoptative Erklär. i. p. 406 (or Meyer at the passage)); οὐδέποτε οὕτως εἴδομεν, we never saw it so, i. e. with such astonishment, Mar 2:12.

4. οὕτως or οὕτως καί in comparison stands antithetic to an adverb or a relative pronoun (Winers Grammar, § 53, 5; cf. Buttmann, 362 (311)

c.): καθάπερ... οὕτως, Rom 12:4; 1Co 12:12; 2Co 8:11; καθώς... οὕτως, Luk 11:30; Luk 17:26; Joh 3:14; Joh 12:50; Joh 14:31; Joh 15:4; 2Co 1:5; 2Co 10:7; 1Th 2:4; Heb 5:3; οὕτως... καθώς, Luk 24:24; Rom 11:26; Php 3:17; ὡς... οὕτως, Act 8:32; Act 23:11; Rom 5:15; Rom 5:18; 1Co 7:17; 2Co 7:14; 1Th 2:8; 1Th 5:2; οὕτως... ὡς, Mar 4:26; Joh 7:46 (L WH omit; Tr brackets the clause); 1Co 3:15; 1Co 4:1; 1Co 9:26; Eph 5:28; Jas 2:12; οὕτως ὡς... μή ὡς, 2Co 9:5 (G L T Tr WH); ὥσπερ... οὕτως, Mat 12:40; Mat 13:40; Mat 24:27; Mat 24:37; Mat 24:39; Luk 17:24; Joh 5:21; Joh 5:26; Rom 5:12; Rom 5:19; Rom 5:21; Rom 6:4; Rom 11:31; 1Co 11:12; 1Co 15:22; 1Co 16:1; 2Co 1:7 R G; Gal 4:29; Eph 5:24 R G; after καθ' ὅσον, Heb 9:27 f; οὕτως... ὅν τρόπον, Act 1:11; Act 27:25; ὅν τρόπον... οὕτως, 2Ti 3:8 (Isa 52:14); κατά τήν ὁδόν ἥν λέγουσιν αἵρεσιν οὕτω κτλ., after the Way (i. e. as it requires (cf. ὁδός, 2 a. at the end)) so etc. Act 24:14.

5. Further, the following special uses deserve notice:

a. (ἔχει) ὅς (better ὁ) μέν οὕτως ὅς (better ὁ) δέ οὕτως, one after this manner, another after that, i. e. different men in different ways, 1Co 7:7 (πότε μέν οὕτως καί πότε οὕτως φάγεται ἡ μάχαιρα, 2Sa 11:25).

b. οὕτως, in the manner known to all, i. e. according to the context, so shamefully, 1Co 5:3.

c. in that state in which one finds oneself, such as one is (cf. Winer's Grammar, 465 (434)): τί με ἐποίησας οὕτως, Rom 9:20; οὕτως of those εἶναι, μένειν who remain unmarried, 1Co 7:26; 1Co 7:40; ὁ νικῶν οὕτως περιβαλεῖται viz. as (i. e. because he is) victor (others in the manner described in verse 4), Rev 3:5 L T Tr WH.

d. thus forthwith, i. e. without hesitation (cf. English off-hand, without ceremony, and the colloquial right, just): Joh 4:6; cf. Passow, under the word, 4; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, IV.; see 1 above; add Joh 13:25 T WH Tr brackets (cf. Green, Critical Notes at the passage))

e. in questions (Latinsicine?) (English exclamatory so then, what): Mar 7:18 (German sonach) (others take οὕτως here as expressive of degree. In Mat 26:40, however, many give it the sense spoken of; cf. too 1Co 6:5); οὕτως ἀποκρίνῃ; i. e. so impudently, Joh 18:22; with an adjective, so (very), Gal 3:3. (But these examples, although classed together by Fritzsche also (Commentary on Mark, p. 150f), seem to be capable of discrimination. The passage from Galatians, for instance, does not seem to differ essentially from examples under 3 above.) f. In classical Greek οὕτως often, after a conditional, concessive, or temporal protasis, introduces the apodosis (cf. Passow, under the word, 1 h.; (Liddell and Scott, under the word I. 7)). 1Th 4:14 and Rev 11:5 have been referred to this head; Buttmann, 357 (307); (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 60, 5 (especially a.)). But questionably; for in the first passage οὕτως may also be taken as equivalent to under these circumstances, i. e. if we believe what I have said (better cf. Winer's Grammar, as above); in the second passage οὕτως denotes in the manner spoken of, i. e. by fire proceeding out of their mouth.