σύν

σύν — sýn

[ξύν, older form of σύν, retained occasionally in compounds, as ξυμβαίνω, 1Pe 4:12, Bezae edition; see Meisterhans, § 49, 11; Liddell and Scott, under the word σύν, at the beginning; and cf. Sigma.]

STRONGS NT 4862: σύνσύν (the older form ξύν, is still found in some editions in composition (as ξυμβαίνω 1Pe 4:12 Rec.bez; see Liddell and Scott, under the word, at the beginning; cf. Sigma)), a preposition; it is never used in the Apocalypse, rarely by Matthew (some four times (texts vary)), Mark (some five times, or John (three times)) (who prefer μετά), more frequently by Luke ((Gospel and Acts) about 79 times) and Paul (about 39 times; on the comparative frequency of these prepositions in the classics, see Liddell and Scott, under the word, at the beginning). It takes the dative after it, and denotes accompaniment and fellowship, wheter of action, or of belief, or of condition and experience; (according to the grammarians (cf. Donaldson, New Crat. § 181; Krüger, § 68,13,1; Kühner, ii, p. 438); Winer's Grammar, 391 (366), a fellowship far closer and more intimate than that expressed by μετά although in the N. T. this distinction is much more often neglected than observed). Latincum, English with.

I.

1. Passages in which the subject of an active verb is said to be or to do something σύν τίνι;

a. phrases in which σύν is used of accompaniment: εἰμί σύν τίνι, i. e. — to be with one, to accompany one, Luk 7:12; Luk 8:38 (Mar 5:18 μετ' αὐτοῦ); (Mat 26:69 and Mar 14:67 μετά); Act 27:2; to associate with one, Luk 24:44; Act 4:13; Act 13:7; Php 1:23; Col 2:5; 2Pe 1:18; οἱ σύν τίνι ὄντες, the attendants of one on a journey, Mar 2:26 (Mat 12:4 and Luk 6:4 τοῖς μετ' αὐτοῦ); Act 22:9; οἱ σύν τίνι namely, ὄντες — either the companions of one, Luk 5:9; Luk 9:32; Luk 24:24; Luk 24:33; with the noun added, οἱ σύν ἐμοί πάντες ἀδελφοί, Gal 1:2; Rom 16:14; or one's colleagues, Act 5:17; Act 5:21; οἱ σύν αὐτῷ τεχνῖται, his fellow-craftsmen, Act 19:38; εἰμί σύν τίνι, to be on one's side, Act 14:4 (Xenophon, Cyril 7, 5, 77); to assist one, ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ; (ἡ) σύν ἐμοί, 1Co 15:10.

b. σύν τίνι joined to verbs of standing, sitting, going, etc.: σταθῆναι, Act 2:14; στῆναι, Act 4:14; ἐπιστηναι, Luk 20:1; Act 23:27; καθίσαι, Act 8:31; μένειν, Luk 1:56; Luk 24:29; Act 28:16; ἀναπίπτειν, Luk 22:14; γίνεσθαι, to be associated with Luk 2:13; παραγίνεσθαι, to arrive, Act 24:24; ἔρχεσθαι, Joh 21:3; Act 11:12; 2Co 9:4; ἀπέρχεσθαι, Act 5:26; ἐισέρχεσθαι, Act 3:3; Act 25:23; εἰσιέναι, Act 21:18; συνέρχεσθαι, Act 21:16; ἐξέρχεσθαι, Joh 18:1; Act 10:23; Act 14:20; Act 16:3; πορεύεσθαι, Luk 7:6; Act 10:20; Act 23:32 (L T Tr WH ἀπέρχεσθαι);; 1Co 16:4; διοδεύειν, Luk 8:1 f; έ᾿κπλειν, Act 18:18. with verbs of living, dying, believing: ζῆν, 1Th 5:10; ἀποθνῄσκειν, Mat 26:35; Rom 6:8; πιστεύειν, Act 18:8. with other verbs: Act 5:1; Act 14:13; Act 20:36; Act 21:5; Php 2:22; Jas 1:11.

2. Passages in which one is said to be the recipient of some action σύν τίνι, or to be associated with one to whom some action has reference: — dative, τίνι σύν τίνι: as ἔδοξε τοῖς ἀπόστολοι σύν ὅλῃ τῇ ἐκκλησία, Act 15:22, where if Luke had said καί ὅλῃ τῇ ἐκκλησία he would have claimed for the church the same rank as for the apostles; but he wishes to give to the apostles the more influential position; the same applies also to Act 23:15; 1Co 1:2; 2Co 1:1; Php 1:1. Accusative, σύν τίνι; (which precedes) τινα or τί (the person or thing added): Rom 8:32 (σύν αὐτῷ, i. e. since he has given him to us); Mar 15:27; 1Co 10:13; τινα or τί σύν τίνι (the person or thing associated or added): Mat 25:27; Mar 8:34; 2Co 1:21; Col 2:13; Col 4:9; τί σύν τίνι, a thing with its power or result, Gal 5:24; Col 3:9 : τίς or τί σύν τίνι after passives, as in Mat 27:38; Mar 9:4; Luk 23:32; 1Co 11:32; Gall. 3:9; Col 3:3; 1Th 4:17.

3. It stands where καί might have been used (cf. Buttmann, 331 (285)): ἐγένετο ὁρμή... Ἰουδαίων σύν τοῖς ἄρχουσιν αὐτῶν (equivalent to καί τῶν ἀρχόντων αὐτῶν), Act 14:5; add, Luk 23:11; Act 3:4; Act 10:2; Act 23:15; Eph 3:18.

4. Of that which one has or carries with him, or with which he is furnished or equipped (σύν ἅρμασιν, 3Ma 2:7; σύν ὅπλοις, Xenophon, Cyril 3, 3, 54; many other examples from Greek writings are given by Passow, under the word, B. I. 2 a.; (Liddell and Scott, I. 4)) σύν τῇ χάριτι ταύτῃ, carrying with him this gift or bounty, 2Co 8:19 R G T the Sinaiticus manuscript (L Tr WH ἐν τῇ χάριτι ταύτῃ, in procuring (R. V. in the matter of) this benefit); σύν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, equipped with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ, 1Co 5:4 (so according to many interpreters (cf. Winer's Grammar, 391 (366)); but since the N. T. writers are accustomed to designate the powers and virtues with which one is equipped by the preposition ἐν, it is more correct to connect σύν τῇ δυνάμει with συναχθέντων, so that ἡ δύναμις τοῦ κυρίου is personified and represented as the third subject in the gathering; cf. Mat 18:20 (see δύναμις, a. under the end)).

5. σύν Χριστῷ ζῆν, to live with Christ, i. e. united (in spiritual bonds) to him, and to lead a strong life by virtue of this union, 2Co 13:4; σύν (Rec.) χειρί ἀγγέλου (see χείρ), Act 7:35 L T Tr WH.

6. Of the union which arises from the addition or accession of one thing to another: σύν πᾶσι τούτοις, our 'beside all this' (Winer's Grammar, 391 (366)), Luk 24:21 (Neh 5:18; 3Ma 1:22; Josephus, Antiquities 17, 6, 5).

7. On the combination ἅμα σύν, 1Th 4:17; 1Th 5:10, see ἅμα, at the end.

II. In composition σύν denotes

1. association, community, fellowship, participation: συνοικέω, σύνειμι, συγγενής, σύμμορφος, συζῆν, συμπάσχειν, σύγχρασθαι, etc.

2. together, i. e. several persons or things united or all in one; as, συγκεράννυμι, συγκλείω, συγκαλέω, συλλέγω, συγκομίζω, etc.

3. completely: συγκύπτω, συγκαλύπτω, etc.

4. with oneself, i. e. in one's mind: συλλυπέομαι (but see the word), σύνοιδα, συνείδησις, συντερρέω; cf. Viger. edition Herm., p. 642f. Once or twice in the N. T. after verbs compounded with σύν the preposition is repeated before the object (Winer's Grammar, § 52, 4, 15): Mat 27:44 L T Tr WH; Col 2:13. As to its Form, σύν, in composition before beta β', mu μ', pi π, phi Φ, psi Ψ, passes into συμ(, before lambda λ' into συλ(, before gamma γ', kappa κ', chi Χ into συγ(; before zeta ζ' (and sigma ς' followed by a consonant) it is elided, hence, συζῆν, συζητέω, συσταυρόω, συστέλλω. But in the older manuscripts assimilation and elision are often neglected (cf. ἐν, III. at the end). Following their authority, L T Tr WH write συνζάω, συνζητέω, συνζητητης, συνζυγος, συνσταυρόω, συνστρατιωτης, συνσωμος; T WH συνβασιλεύω, συγγνώμη, συνκάθημαι, συνκαθίζω, συνκακοπαθέω, συνκακουχέω, συνκαλέω, συνκάμπτω, συνκαταβαίνω, συνκαταθεσις, συνκατατιθημι, συνκαταψηφίζω, συνκεραννυμι, συνκλειω, συνκληρονομος, συνκοινωνέω, συνκοινωνος, συνκρίνω, Ἀσυνκριτος), συνκύπτω, συνλαλέω, συνλυπέω, συνμαθητης, συνμαρτυρέω, συνμετοχος, συνμιμητης, συνπαθέω, συνπαραγίνομαι, συνπαρακαλέω, συνπαραλαμβάνω, συνπαρειμι, συνπάσχω, συνπεριλαμβάνω, συνπνίγω, συνπολιτης, συνπορεύομαι, συνπρεσβυτερος, συνστενάζω, συνστοιχέω, συνφημι, συνφύω, συνχαίρω, συνχράομαι, συνχέω, συνψυχος; L Tr marginal reading συνζητησις; T συνμορφίζω, συνσημον; Tr συνστατιος; WH συνβάλλω, συνβιβάζω, συνμερίζω, συνσχματίζω, But L T Tr WH retain συγγένεια, συγγενής, συγκαλύπτω, συγκυρία, σύγχυσις, συλλέγω, συμβαίνω, συμβουλεύω, συμβούλιον, σύμβουλος, συμπαθής, συμπόσιον, συμφέρω, σύμφορος, συμφυλέτης, σύμφυτος, συμφωνέω, συμφώνησις, συμφωνία, σύμφωνος, (ἀσύμφωνος), συστρέφω, συστροφή; L T Tr συμμερίζω; L T WH συγγενίς, συστατιος; L Tr WH συμμορφίζω, σύμμορφος, σύσσημον; L Tr συγγνώμη, συγκάθημαι, συγκαθίζω, συγκακοπαθέω, συγκακουχέω, συγκαλέω, συγκάμπτω, συγκαταβαίνω, συγκατάθεσις, συγκατατίθημι, συγκαταψηφίζω, συγκεράννυμι, συγκλείω, συγκληρονόμος, συγκοινωμέω, συγκοινωνός, συγκρίνω, συγκύπτω, συγχαίρω, συγχέω, συγχράομαι, συλλαλέω, συλλυπέω, συμβάλλω, συμβασιλεύω, συμβιβάζω, συμμαθητής, συμμαρτυρέω, συμμέτοχος, συμμιμητής, συμπαθέω, συμπαραγίνομαι συμπαρακαλέω, συμπαραλαμβάνω, συμπάρειμι, συμπάσχω, συμπεριλαμβάνω, συμπληρόω, συμπνίγω, συμπολίτης, συμσυστενάζω, συστοιχέω; L συλλαμβάνω, συσχηματίζω. Tdf. is not uniform in συλλαμβάνω, συμβάλλω, συμβιβάζω, σύμμορφος, συμπληρόω, συσχηματίζω; nor Tr in συλλαμβάνω, συσχηματίζω; nor WH in συλλαμβάνω, συμπληρόω. These examples show that assimilation takes place chiefly in those words in which the preposition has lost, more or less, its original force and blends with the word to which it is prefixed into a single new idea; as συμβούλιον, συμφέρει, σύμφορος. Cf. (Alex. Buttmann in the Studien und Kritiken for 1862, p. 180); Philip Buttmann (the son) ibid., p. 811f (But see Dr. Gregory's exposition of the facts in the Proleg. to Tdf., p. 73f; Dr. Hort in WHs Appendix, p. 149; Meisterhans, Gram. d. Attic Inschr. § 24.)

STRONGS NT 4862: συνβ(συνβ(, see συμβ( and σύν, II, at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνγ(συνγ(, see συγγ( and σύν, II. at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνζ(συνζ(, see συζ(, and σύν, II. under the end

STRONGS NT 4862: συνκ(συνκ(, see συγκ( cf. σύν, II. at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνλ(συνλ(, see συλλ( cf. σύν, II. at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνμ(συνμ(, see συμμ( cf. σύν, II. at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνπ(συνπ(, see συμπ( cf. σύν, II. at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνς( [συνς(, see συς( and συσς(] cf. σύν, II. at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνστ(συνστ(, see συστ( cf. σύν, II. at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνφ(συνφ(, see συμφ( cf. σύν, II. at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνχ(συνχ(, see συγχ( cf. σύν, II. at the end.

STRONGS NT 4862: συνψ(συνψ(, see συμψ( cf. σύν, II. at the end.