Justified by the Law, or Justified by Faith?

¹ O foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was publicly portrayed as having been crucified?

² I want only to learn this from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?

³ Are you so foolish? Having begun by the Spirit, are you now trying to be made complete by the flesh?

⁴ Have you suffered so many things for nothing—if indeed also it was for nothing?

⁵ Therefore does the one who gives you the Spirit and who works miracles among you do so by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?

⁶ Just as Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him for righteousness,

⁷ then understand that the ones ⌞who have faith⌟¹, these are sons of Abraham.

1. Literally “of faith”

⁸ And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, proclaimed the good news in advance to Abraham: “In you all the nations¹ will be blessed.”²

1. Or “Gentiles”; the same Greek word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context
2. A quotation from Gen 12:3; 18:18

⁹ So then, the ones who have faith are blessed together with Abraham who believed.

¹⁰ For as many as are of the works of the law are under a curse, for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who does not abide by all the things that are written in the book of the law to do them.”¹

1. A quotation from Deut 27:26

¹¹ Now it is clear that no one is justified in the sight of God by the law, because “the one who is righteous will live by faith.”¹

1. Or “the one who is righteous by faith will live,” a quotation from Hab 2:4

¹² But the law is not from faith, but “the one who does these things will live by them.”¹

1. A quotation from Lev 18:5

¹³ Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by¹ becoming a curse for us, because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree,”²

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“becoming”) which is understood as means
2. A quotation from Deut 21:23

¹⁴ in order that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

The Promise to Abraham and His Descendant

¹⁵ Brothers, I am speaking according to a human perspective. Nevertheless, when¹ the covenant of a man has been ratified, no one declares it invalid or adds additional provisions to it.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“has been ratified”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁶ Now to Abraham and to his descendant the promises were spoken. It does not say, “and to descendants,” as concerning many, but as concerning one, “and to your descendant,”¹ who is Christ.

1. A quotation from Gen 12:7; 13:15; 17:7; 24:7

¹⁷ Now I am saying this: the law, that came after four hundred and thirty years, does not revoke a covenant previously ratified by God, in order to nullify the promise.

¹⁸ For if the inheritance is from the law, it is no longer from the promise, but God graciously gave it to Abraham through the promise.

The Addition of the Law

¹⁹ Why then the law? It was added on account of transgressions, until the descendant should come to whom it had been promised, having been ordered through angels by the hand of a mediator.

²⁰ Now the mediator is not for one, but God is one.

²¹ Therefore is the law opposed to the promises of God? May it never be! For if a law had been given that was able to give life, certainly righteousness would have been from the law.

²² But the scripture imprisoned all under sin, in order that the promise could be given by faith¹ in Jesus Christ to those who believe.

1. Or “through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ”

²³ But before faith came, we were detained under the law, imprisoned until the coming faith was revealed.

²⁴ So then, the law became our guardian until Christ, in order that we could be justified by faith.

²⁵ But after¹ faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“has come”) which is understood as temporal

²⁶ For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus,¹

1. Or “For in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God through faith”

²⁷ for as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ.

²⁸ There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.

²⁹ And if you are Christ’s, then you are descendants of Abraham, heirs according to the promise.