οὐδέ

οὐδέ — oudé

οὐδέ (from Homer down), a neg. disjunctive conjunction, compounded of οὐ and δέ, and therefore properly, equivalent to but not; generally, however, its oppositive force being lost, it serves to continue a negation. (On the elision of ἐ when the next word begins with a vowel (observed by Tdf. in eight instances, neglected in fifty-eight), see Tdf. Proleg., p. 96; cf. WHs Appendix, p. 146; Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; Buttmann, p. 10f) It signifies:

1. and not, continuing a negation, yet differently from οὔτε; for the latter connects parts or members of the same thing, since τέ is adjunctive like the Latinque; but οὐδέ places side by side things that are equal and mutually exclude each other ((?). There appears to be some mistake here in what is said about 'mutual exclusion' (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 55, 6): οὐδέ, like δέ, always makes reference to something preceding; οὔτε to what follows also; the connection of clauses made negative by οὔτε is close and internal, so that they are mutually complementary and combine into a unity, whereas clauses negatived by οὐδέ follow one another much more loosely, often almost by accident as it were; see Winer's Grammar, at the passage cited, and especially the quotations there given from Benfey and Klotz.) It differs from μηδέ as οὐ does from μή (which see ad at the beginning); after οὐ, where each has its own verb: Matthew 5:15 6:28; Mar 4:22; Luk 6:44; Act 2:27; Act 9:9; Act 17:24; Gal 1:17; Gal 4:14; οὐκ οἶδα οὐδέ ἐπίσταμαι, Mar 14:68 R G L marginal reading (others, οὔτε... οὔτε) (Cicero, pro Rosc. American 43,non novi neque scio); cf. Winers Grammar, 490 (456)

c.; (Buttmann, 367 (315) note); οὐ... οὐδέ... οὐδέ, not... nor... nor, Mat 6:26; οὐδείς... οὐδέ... οὐδέ... οὐδέ, Rev 5:3 (R G; cf. Buttmann, 367 (315); Winer's Grammar, 491 (457)); οὐ... οὐδέ; followed by a future... οὐδέ μή followed by subjunctive aorist... οὐδέ, Rev 7:16. οὐ... οὐδέ, the same verb being common to both: Mat 10:24; Mat 25:13; Luk 6:43; Luk 8:17 (cf. Winers Grammar, 300 (281); Buttmann, 355 (305) cf. § 139, 7); Joh 6:24; Joh 13:16; Act 8:21; Act 16:21; Act 24:18; Rom 2:28; Rom 9:16; Gal 1:1; Gal 3:28; 1Th 5:5; 1Ti 2:12; Rev 21:23. preceded by οὔπω, Mar 8:17; — by οὐδείς, Mat 9:17; — by ἵνα μή, which is followed by οὐδέ... οὐδέ, where μηδέ... μηδέ might have been expected (cf. Buttmann, § 148, 8; (Winer's Grammar, 474 (442))) Rev 9:4. οὐδέ γάρ, for neither, Joh 8:42; Rom 8:7.

2. also not (A. V. generally neither): Mat 6:15; Mat 21:27; Mat 25:45; Mar 11:26 (R L); Luk 16:31; Joh 15:4; Rom 4:15; Rom 11:21; 1Co 15:13; 1Co 15:16; Gal 1:12 (οὐδέ γάρ ἐγώ (cf. Buttmann, 367 (315) note; 492 (458))); Heb 8:4, etc.; ἀλλ' οὐδέ, Luk 23:15; ἤ οὐδέ, in a question, or doth not even etc.? 1Co 11:14 Rec.; the simple οὐδέ, num ne quidem (have ye not even etc.) in a question where a negative answer is assumed (see οὐ, 7): Mar 12:10; Luk 6:3; Luk 23:40; and G L T Tr WH in 1Co 11:14.

3. not even (Buttmann, 369 (316)): Mat 6:29; Mat 8:10; Mar 6:31; Luk 7:9; Luk 12:27; Joh 21:25 (Tdf. omits the verse); 1Co 5:1; 1Co 14:21; οὐδέ εἷς (Winers Grammar, 173 (163); Buttmann, § 127, 32), Act 4:32; Rom 3:10; 1Co 6:5 (L T Tr WH οὐδείς); οὐδέ ἕν, Joh 1:3; ἀλλ' οὐδέ, Act 19:2; 1Co 3:2 (Rec. ἀλλ' οὔτε);; Gal 2:3. in a double negative for the sake of emphasis, οὐκ... οὐδέ (Buttmann, 369 (316); Winer's Grammar, 500 (465)): Mat 27:14; Luk 18:13; Act 7:5.