ἀφίημι

ἀφίημι — aphíēmi

ἀφίημι; present 2 person singular ἀφείς (from the form ἀφέω, Rev 2:20 for Rec. ἐᾷς) (3 person plural ἀφίουσιν Rev 11:1-19 : Tdf. editions 2, 7, from a form ἀφιέω; cf. Buttmann, 48 (42)); imperfect 3 person singular ἤφιε, with the augment before the preposition, Mar 1:34; Mar 11:16, from the form ἀφίω; whence also present 1 person plural ἀφίομεν Luk 11:4 L T Tr WH for ἀφίεμεν Rec. and 3 person ἀφίουσιν Rev 11:9 L T Tr WH; (see WH's Appendix, p. 167); future ἀφήσω; 1 aorist ἀφῆκά, 2 person singular ἀφῆκες Rev 2:4 T Tr WH (cf. κοπιάω); 2 aorist imperative ἄφες, ἄφετε, subjunctive 3 person singular ἀφῇ, 2 person plural ἀφῆτε (infinitive ἀφεῖναι (Mat 23:23 L T Tr WH; Luk 5:21 L text T Tr WH)), participle ἀφείς, ἀφέντες; passive, present ἀφίεμαι (yet 3 person plural ἀφιονται Joh 20:23 WH marginal reading etc.; cf. ἀφίω above); perfect 3 person plural ἀφέωνται (a Doric form (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 14, 3 a.; B 49 (42); Kühner, § 285, 4), Mat 9:2; Mat 9:5; Mar 2:5,(9) — in both these Gospels L (except in Mark marginal reading) T Tr WH have restored the present 3 person plural ἀφίενταί; Luk 5:20; Luk 5:23; Luk 7:47 (48); Joh 20:23 L text T Tr text WH text; 1Jn 2:12); 1 aorist ἀφεθην; future ἀφεθήσομαι; cf. Winers Grammar, § 14, 3; Buttmann, 48 (42); (WHs Appendix, p. 167; Veitch, under the word ἵημι); (from ἀπό and ἵημι); (fr. Homer down); to send from (ἀπό) oneself;

1. to send away;

a. to bid go away or depart: τούς ὄχλους, Mat 13:36 (others refer this to 3 below); τήν γυναῖκα, of a husband putting away his wife, 1Co 7:11-13 (Herodotus 5, 39; and a substantive, ἄφεσις, Plutarch, Pomp c. 42, 6).

b. to send forth, yield up, emit: τό πνεῦμα, to expire, Mat 27:50 (τήν ψυχήν, Gen 35:18; Herodotus 4, 190 and often in other Greek writings (see πνεῦμα, 2)), φωνήν to utter a cry (emitterevocem, Livy 1, 58), Mar 15:37 (Gen 45:2 and often in Greek writings; (cf. Heinichen on Eusebius, h. e. 8, 14, 17)).

c. to let go, let alone, let be; α. to disregard: Mat 15:14. β. to leave, not to discuss now, a topic, used of tethers, writers, speakers, etc.: Heb 6:1 (Euripides, Andr. 392; Theophrastus, char. praef. § 3; for other examples from Greek writings see Bleek on Heb. vol. 2:2, p. 144f) (others take the word in Hebrews, the passage cited as expressive of the duty of the readers, rather than the purpose of the writer; and consequently refer the passage to 3 below). γ. to omit, neglect: Mat 23:23 (Luk 11:42 R G); Mar 7:8; Rom 1:27. δ. to let go, give up, a debt, by not demanding it (opposed to κρατεῖν, Joh 20:23), i. e. to remit, forgive: τό δάνειον, Mat 18:27; τήν ὀφειλήν, Mat 18:32; τά ὀφειλήματα, Mat 6:12; τά παραπτώματα, Mat 6:14; Mar 11:25 f. (T Tr WH omit Mar 11:26); τάς ἁμαρτίας, τά ἁμαρτήματα, τάς ἀνομίας, Mat 9:2; Mat 9:5; Mat 12:31; Mar 2:5; Mar 2:7; Mar 3:28; Luke 5:20f, 23; Rom 4:7 (from Psa 31:1 ); 1Jn 1:9; Jas 5:15 (Isa 22:14; Isa 33:24, etc.); ἡ ἐπίνοια τῆς καρδίας, Act 8:22, (τήν αἰτίαν, Herodotus 6, 30; τά χρέα, Aelian v. h. 14, 24); absolutely, ἀφιέναι τίνι to forgive one: Mat 12:32; Mat 18:21; Mat 18:35; Mar 4:12; Luk 11:4; Luk 12:10; Luk 17:3; Luk 23:34 (L brackets WH reject the passage).

e. to give up, keep no longer: τήν πρώτην ἀγάπην, Rev 2:4.

2. to permit, allow, not to hinder;

a. followed by a present infinitive (Buttmann, 258 (222)): Mar 10:14; Luk 18:16 ἄφετε ἔρχεσθαι καί μή κωλύετε αὐτά, Mat 13:30; Mar 1:34; Joh 11:44; Joh 18:8. by the aorist infinitive: Mat 8:22; Mat 23:13 (14); Mar 5:37; Mar 7:12; Mar 7:27; Luk 8:51; Luk 9:60; Luk 12:39; Rev 11:9.

b. without an infinitive: Mat 3:15 (ἄφες ἄρτι permit it just now). with an accusative of the person or thing permitted: Mat 3:15 τότε ἀφίησιν αὐτόν, Mar 5:19; Mar 11:6; Mar 14:6; Luk 13:8; Joh 12:7 R G;; Act 5:38 (L T Tr WH; R G ἐάσατε); Rev 2:20 (Rec. ἐᾷς).

c. ἀφίημι τίνι τί, to give up a thing to one: Mat 5:40 (ἄφες αὐτῷ καί τό ἱμάτιον).

d. followed by ἵνα: Mar 11:16; Joh 12:7 L T Tr WH, a later construction, cf. Winers Grammar, § 44, 8; Buttmann, 238 (205).

e. followed by the simple hortative subjunctive: Mat 7:4; Luk 6:42 (ἄφες ἐκβάλω); Mat 27:49; Mar 15:36 (ἄφετε ἴδωμεν); Epictetus diss. 1, 9, 15 ἄφες δειξωμεν, 3, 12, 15 ἄφες ἴδω. Cf. Buttmann, 209f (181f); Winer's Grammar, 285 (268).

3. to leave, go away from one; to depart from anyone,

a. in order to go to another place: Mat 22:22; Mat 26:44; Mar 8:13 (Mat 16:4 καταλιπών);; Joh 4:3; Joh 16:28.

b. to depart from one whom one wishes to quit: Mat 4:11; so of diseases departing, ἀφῆκεν τινα ὁ πυρετός, Mat 8:15; Mar 1:31; Luk 4:39; Joh 4:52.

c. to depart from one and leave him to himself, so that all mutual claims are abandoned: τόν πατέρα, Mat 4:22; Mar 1:20; Mat 18:12 (Luk 15:4 καταλείπει). Thus also ἀφιέναι τά ἑαυτοῦ to leave possessions, home, etc.: Mat 4:20; Mat 19:27; Mat 19:29; Mar 1:18; Mar 10:28; Luk 5:11; Luk 18:28 f.

d. to desert one (wrongfully): Mat 26:56; Mar 14:50; Joh 10:12.

e. to go away leaving something behind: Mat 5:24; Joh 4:28.

f. to leave one by not taking him as a companion: opposed to παραλαμβάνειν, Mat 24:40 f: Luk 17:34 f.

g. to leave on dying, leave behind one: τέκνα, γυναῖκα, Mat 22:25; Mar 12:20; Mar 12:22 (Luk 20:31 καταλείπω). h. to leave so that what is left may remain, leave remaining: οὐ μή ἀφεθῇ ὧδε λίθος ἐπί λίθον (or λίθῳ), Mat 24:2; Mar 13:2; Luke 21:6. 1:ἀφιέναι followed by the accusative of a noun or pronoun with an accusative of the predicate (Buttmann, § 144, 18): Luk 10:30 (ἡμιθανῆ); Joh 14:18 (τινα ὀρθανον); Mat 23:38; Luk 13:35 (but Lachmann omits ἔρημος in both passages, WH text omits in Matthew, G T Tr WH omit in Luke; that being omitted, ἀφιέναι means to abandon, to leave destitute of God's help); Act 14:17 (ἀμάρτυρον ἑαυτόν (L T Tr αὐτόν (WH αὑτόν which see))).