Jesus Taken to Pilate

¹ And as soon as morning came, after¹ formulating a plan, the chief priests, with the elders and scribes and the whole Sanhedrin, tied up Jesus, led him² away, and handed him³ over to Pilate.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“formulating”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

² And Pilate asked him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” And he answered him and¹ said, “You say so.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ And the chief priests began to accuse¹ him of many things.

1. The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to accuse”)

⁴ So Pilate asked him again, saying, “Do you not answer anything? See how many charges¹ they are bringing against you!”

1. *The word “charges” is not in the Greek text but is implied

⁵ But Jesus did not answer anything further, so that Pilate was astonished.

Pilate Releases Barabbas

⁶ Now at each feast he customarily released¹ for them one prisoner whom they requested.

1. The imperfect tense has been translated as customary here (“customarily released”)

⁷ And the one named Barabbas¹ was imprisoned with the rebels who had committed murder in the rebellion.

1. “Barabbas” means “son of the father” in Aramaic

⁸ And the crowd came up and¹ began to ask him to do as he customarily did² for them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. The imperfect tense has been translated as customary here (“customarily did”)

⁹ So Pilate answered them, saying, “Do you want me to release for you the king of the Jews?”

¹⁰ (For he realized that the chief priests had handed him over because of envy.)

¹¹ But the chief priests incited the crowd so that he would release for them Barabbas¹ instead.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹² So Pilate answered and said to them again, “Then what do you want me to do with the one whom you call the king of the Jews?”

¹³ And they shouted again, “Crucify him!”

¹⁴ And Pilate said to them, “Why? What evil has he done?” But they shouted even louder, “Crucify him!”

¹⁵ So Pilate, because he¹ wanted ⌞to satisfy⌟² the crowd, released for them Barabbas. And after³ he had Jesus flogged, he handed him⁴ over so that he could be crucified.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“wanted”) which is understood as causal
2. Literally “to make sufficient”
3. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“flogged”) which is understood as temporal
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Jesus Is Mocked

¹⁶ So the soldiers led him away into the palace (that is, the governor’s residence) and called together the whole cohort.

¹⁷ And they put a purple cloak on him, and after¹ weaving a crown of thorns they placed it² on him.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“weaving”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁸ And they began to greet him, “Hail, king of the Jews!”

¹⁹ And they repeatedly struck¹ him on the head with a reed, and were spitting on him, and ⌞they knelt down⌟² and³ did obeisance to him.

1. The imperfect tense has been translated as iterative here (“repeatedly struck”)
2. Literally “bending the knees”
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“knelt down”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁰ And when they had mocked him, they stripped him of the purple cloak and put his own clothes¹ on him, and they led him out so that they could crucify him.

1. Some manuscripts have “his clothes” in place of “his own clothes”

Jesus Is Crucified

²¹ And they forced a certain man who was passing by, Simon of Cyrene (the father of Alexander and Rufus), who was coming from the country, to carry his cross.

²² And they brought him to the place Golgotha (which is translated “Place of a Skull”).

²³ And they attempted to give¹ him wine mixed with myrrh, but he did not take it.

1. *Here the imperfect tense is translated as a conative imperfect (“attempted to give”)

²⁴ And they crucified him and divided his clothes among themselves¹ by² casting lots for them to see who should take what.

1. *Here “among themselves” reflects the middle voice of the verb “divided”
2. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“casting”) which is understood as means

²⁵ Now it was the third hour when they crucified him.

²⁶ And the inscription of the charge against him was written, “The king of the Jews.”

²⁷ And with him they crucified two robbers, one on his right and one on his left.¹

1. Most later Greek manuscripts add v. 28 (a quotation from Isa 53:12) after v. 27, “And the scripture was fulfilled that says, ‘And he was counted with the lawless ones’ ”

²⁹ And those who passed by reviled him, shaking their heads and saying, “Aha! The one who would destroy the temple and rebuild it¹ in three days,

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁰ save yourself by¹ coming down from the cross!”

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“coming down”) which is understood as means

³¹ In the same way also the chief priests, along with the scribes, were mocking him¹ to one another, saying, “He saved others; he is not able to save himself!

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³² Let the Christ, the king of Israel, come down now from the cross, so that we may see and believe! Even those who were crucified with him were reviling him.

Jesus Dies on the Cross

³³ And when¹ the sixth hour came, darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“came”)

³⁴ And at the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?” (which is translated, “My God, my God, ⌞why⌟¹ have you forsaken me?”)²

1. Literally “for what reason”
2. A quotation from Ps 22:1

³⁵ And some of the bystanders, when they¹ heard it,² said, “Behold, he is summoning Elijah!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁶ And someone ran and filled a sponge with sour wine, put it¹ on a reed, and² gave it³ to him to drink, saying, “Leave him⁴ alone! Let us see if Elijah is coming to take him down.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the two previous participles (“ran” and “filled”) have been translated as finite verbs
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁷ But Jesus uttered a loud cry and¹ expired.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“uttered”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁸ And the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom.

³⁹ And when¹ the centurion who was standing opposite him saw that he expired like this, he said, “Truly this man was God’s Son!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

⁴⁰ And there were also women observing from a distance, among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the younger¹ and Joses,² and Salome,

1. Or perhaps “the short,” referring to stature
2. This name appears in Matt 27:56 as “Joseph”

⁴¹ who used to follow¹ him and serve him when he was in Galilee, and many other women who went up with him to Jerusalem.

1. The imperfect tense has been translated as customary here (“used to follow”)

Jesus Is Buried

⁴² And when it¹ was already evening, since it was the day of preparation (that is, the day before the Sabbath),

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)

⁴³ Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent member of the council who was also himself looking forward to¹ the kingdom of God, came acting courageously and² went in to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus.

1. Or “waiting for”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴⁴ And Pilate was surprised that he was already dead, and summoning the centurion, asked him whether he had died already.

⁴⁵ And when he¹ learned of it² from the centurion, he granted the corpse to Joseph.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“learned of”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁶ And after¹ purchasing a linen cloth and² taking him down, he wrapped him³ in the linen cloth and placed him in a tomb that had been cut from the rock. And he rolled a stone over the entrance of the tomb.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“purchasing”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the participle (“taking...down”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁷ Now Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where he was placed.