The Preface to Luke’s Gospel

¹ Since many have attempted to compile an account concerning the events that have been fulfilled among us,

² just as those who were eyewitnesses and servants of the word from the beginning passed on to us,

³ it seemed best to me also—because I¹ have followed all things carefully from the beginning—to write them² down in orderly sequence for you, most excellent Theophilus,

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“have followed”) which is understood as causal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴ so that you may know the certainty concerning the things about which you were taught.

The Prediction of John the Baptist’s Birth

⁵ It happened that in the days of Herod, king of Judea, there was a certain priest, Zechariah by name, of the division of Abijah. And ⌞he had a wife⌟¹ from the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.

1. Literally “a wife to him”

⁶ And they were both righteous in the sight of God, living blamelessly in all the commandments and regulations of the Lord.

⁷ And ⌞they did not have⌟¹ a child, because Elizabeth was barren. And they were both advanced ⌞in years⌟.²

1. Literally “there was not to them”
2. Literally “in their days”

⁸ And it happened that while¹ he was serving as priest before God in the order of his division,

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal infinitive (“was serving as priest”)

⁹ according to the custom of the priesthood he was chosen by lot to enter into the temple of the Lord to burn incense.

¹⁰ And the whole crowd of the people were praying outside at the hour of the incense offering.

¹¹ And an angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing at the right side of the altar of incense.

¹² And Zechariah was terrified when he¹ saw the angel,² and fear fell upon him.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹³ But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid, Zechariah, because your prayer has been heard, and your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you will call his name John.

¹⁴ And ⌞you will experience joy and exultation⌟,¹ and many will rejoice at his birth.

1. Literally “joy and exultation will be to you”

¹⁵ For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and he must never drink wine or beer, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit while he is¹ still in his mother’s womb.

1. *Here the phrase “while he is,” including the verb, is understood in Greek and is supplied in the translation

¹⁶ And he will turn many of the sons of Israel to the Lord their God.

¹⁷ And he will go on before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous, to prepare for the Lord a people made ready.”

¹⁸ And Zechariah said to the angel, “By what will I know this? For I am an old man, and my wife is advanced ⌞in years⌟!”¹

1. Literally “in her days”

¹⁹ And the angel answered and¹ said to him, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God, and I was sent to speak to you and to announce to you this good news.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁰ And behold, you will be silent and not able to speak until the day these things take place, ⌞because⌟¹ you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their time.”

1. Literally “in return for which”

²¹ And the people were waiting for Zechariah, and began to wonder¹ when² he was delayed in the temple.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to wonder”)
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal infinitive (“was delayed”)

²² And when he¹ came out he was not able to speak to them, and they realized that he had seen a vision in the temple. And he kept making signs to them, and remained unable to speak.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came out”) which is understood as temporal

²³ And it happened that when the days of his service came to an end, he went away to his home.

²⁴ Now after these days, his wife Elizabeth conceived, and she kept herself in seclusion for five months, saying,

²⁵ “Thus the Lord has done for me in the days in which he has concerned himself with me,¹ to take away my disgrace among people.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

The Prediction of Jesus’ Birth

²⁶ Now in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a town of Galilee ⌞named⌟¹ Nazareth,

1. Literally “to which the name”

²⁷ to a virgin legally promised in marriage to a man ⌞named⌟¹ Joseph of the house of David. And the name of the virgin was Mary.

1. Literally “to whom the name”

²⁸ And he came to her and¹ said, “Greetings, favored one! The Lord is with you.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁹ But she was greatly perplexed at the statement, and was pondering what sort of greeting this might be.

³⁰ And the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God.

³¹ And behold, you will conceive in the womb and will give birth to a son, and you will call his name Jesus.

³² This one will be great, and he will be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give him the throne of his father David.

³³ And he will reign over the house of Jacob ⌞forever⌟,¹ and of his kingdom there will be no end.

1. Literally “for the ages”

³⁴ And Mary said to the angel, “How will this be, since I have not had sexual relations with a man?”

³⁵ And the angel answered and¹ said to her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the one to be born will be called holy, the Son of God.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁶ And behold, your relative Elizabeth—she also has conceived a son in her old age, and this is the sixth month for her who was called barren.

³⁷ For ⌞nothing will be impossible with God⌟.”¹

1. Literally “every thing will not be impossible with God”

³⁸ So Mary said, “Behold, the Lord’s female slave! May it happen to me according to your word.” And the angel departed from her.

Mary Visits Elizabeth

³⁹ Now in those days Mary set out and¹ traveled with haste into the hill country, to a town of Judah,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“set out”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴⁰ and entered into the house of Zechariah, and greeted Elizabeth.

⁴¹ And it happened that when Elizabeth heard the greeting of Mary, the baby in her womb leaped and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.

⁴² And she cried out with a loud shout and said, “Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb!

⁴³ And why is this granted to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?

⁴⁴ For behold, when the sound of your greeting came to my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy!

⁴⁵ And blessed is she who believed that there will be a fulfillment to what was spoken to her from the Lord!”

Mary’s Hymn of Praise to God

⁴⁶ And Mary said, “My soul exalts the Lord,

⁴⁷ and my spirit has rejoiced greatly in God my Savior,

⁴⁸ because he has looked upon the humble state of his female slave, for behold, from now on all generations will consider me blessed,

⁴⁹ because the Mighty One has done great things for me, and holy is his name.

⁵⁰ And his mercy is for generation after generation to those who fear him.

⁵¹ He has done a mighty deed with his arm; he has dispersed the proud in the thoughts of their hearts.

⁵² He has brought down rulers from their thrones, and has exalted the lowly.

⁵³ He has filled those who are hungry with good things, and those who are rich he has sent away empty-handed.

⁵⁴ He has helped Israel his servant, remembering his mercy,

⁵⁵ just as he spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and to his descendants ⌞forever⌟.”¹

1. Literally “for the age”

⁵⁶ And Mary stayed with her about three months, and returned to her home.

The Birth of John the Baptist

⁵⁷ Now the time came for Elizabeth that she should give birth, and she gave birth to a son.

⁵⁸ And her neighbors and relatives heard that ⌞the Lord had shown his great mercy to her⌟,¹ and they rejoiced with her.

1. Literally “the Lord had made great his mercy with her”

⁵⁹ And it happened that on the eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they were wanting to name him ⌞after⌟¹ his father Zechariah.

1. Literally “in the name of”

⁶⁰ And his mother answered and¹ said, “No, but he will be named John.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶¹ And they said to her, “There is no one of your relatives who is called by this name.”

⁶² So they made signs to his father asking what he wanted him to be named,

⁶³ and he asked for a writing tablet and¹ wrote, saying, “John is his name.” And they were all astonished.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“asked for”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶⁴ And his mouth and his tongue were opened immediately, and he began to speak,¹ praising God.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to speak”)

⁶⁵ And fear came on all those who lived near them, and in all the hill country of Judea all these events were discussed.

⁶⁶ And all those who heard kept these things¹ in their hearts, saying, “What then will this child be? For indeed the hand of the Lord was with him!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

The Praise and Prophecy of Zechariah

⁶⁷ And his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied, saying,

⁶⁸ “Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, because he has visited to help and ⌞has redeemed⌟¹ his people,

1. Literally “has done redemption for”

⁶⁹ and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David,

⁷⁰ just as he spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from earliest times—

⁷¹ salvation from our enemies and from the hand of all those who hate us,

⁷² to show mercy to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant,

⁷³ the oath that he swore to Abraham our father, to grant us

⁷⁴ that we, being rescued from the hand of our enemies, could serve him without fear

⁷⁵ in holiness and righteousness before him all our days.

⁷⁶ And so you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High, for you will go on before the Lord to prepare his ways,

⁷⁷ to give knowledge of salvation to his people by the forgiveness of their sins,

⁷⁸ because of the merciful compassion¹ of our God by which the dawn will visit to help us from on high,

1. Or “heart”

⁷⁹ to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to direct our feet into the way of peace.”

⁸⁰ And the child kept growing and becoming strong in spirit, and was in the wilderness until the day of his public appearance to Israel.

The Birth of Jesus Christ

¹ Now it happened that in those days a decree went out from Caesar¹ Augustus to register all the empire.

1. Or “the emperor”

² (This first registration took place when¹ Quirinius was governor of Syria.)

1. *Or perhaps “before”; here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was governor”)

³ And everyone went to be registered, each one to his own town.

⁴ So Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the town of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family line of David,

⁵ to be registered together with Mary, who was legally promised in marriage to him and¹ was pregnant.

1. *Here “and” is supplied in keeping with English style

⁶ And it happened that while they were there, ⌞the time came⌟¹ for her to give birth.

1. Literally “the days were completed”

⁷ And she gave birth to her firstborn son, and wrapped him in strips of cloth and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn.

The Shepherds and the Angels

⁸ And there were shepherds in the same region, living out of doors and keeping watch, guarding over their flock by night.

⁹ And an angel of the Lord stood near them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and ⌞they were terribly frightened⌟.¹

1. Literally “they were afraid with great fear”

¹⁰ And the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid, for behold, I bring good news to you of great joy which will be for all the people:

¹¹ that today a Savior, who is Christ the Lord, was born for you in the city of David.

¹² And this will be the sign for you: you will find the baby wrapped in strips of cloth and lying in a manger.”

¹³ And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly army, praising God and saying,

¹⁴ “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among people ⌞with whom he is pleased⌟!”¹

1. Literally “of good pleasure”

¹⁵ And it happened that when the angels had departed from them into heaven, the shepherds began to say¹ to one another, “Let us go now to Bethlehem and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has revealed to us!”

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to say”)

¹⁶ And they went hurrying and found both Mary and Joseph, and the baby who was lying in the manger.

¹⁷ And when they¹ saw it,² they made known the statement that had been told to them about this child.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁸ And all who heard it¹ were astonished concerning what had been said to them by the shepherds.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁹ But Mary treasured up all these words, pondering them¹ in her heart.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁰ And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all that they had heard and seen, just as it had been told to them.

²¹ And when eight days were completed ⌞so that he could be circumcised⌟,¹ he was named Jesus, his name that he was called by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.

1. Literally “to circumcise him”

The Presentation of Jesus at the Temple

²² And when the days of their purification were completed according to the law of Moses, they brought him up to Jerusalem to present him¹ to the Lord

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²³ (just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male that opens the womb will be called holy to the Lord”)¹

1. An allusion to Exod 13:2, 12, 15

²⁴ and to offer a sacrifice according to what was stated in the law of the Lord, “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons.”¹

1. A quotation from Lev 5:11; 12:8

The Prophecy of Simeon

²⁵ And behold, there was a man in Jerusalem ⌞whose name was⌟¹ Simeon, and this man was righteous and devout, looking forward to the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him.

1. Literally “to whom the name”

²⁶ And it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not see death before he would see the Lord’s Christ.¹

1. Or “Messiah”

²⁷ And he came in the Spirit into the temple, and when the parents brought in the child Jesus so that they could do for him according to what was customary under the law,

²⁸ he took him in his¹ arms and praised God and said,

1. Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²⁹ “Now dismiss your slave in peace, Lord, according to your word.

³⁰ For my eyes have seen your salvation

³¹ that you have prepared in the presence of all the peoples,

³² a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and glory to your people Israel.”

³³ And his father and mother were astonished at what was said about him.

³⁴ And Simeon blessed them and said to his mother Mary, “Behold, this child is appointed for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and for a sign that is opposed¹—

1. Or “rejected”

³⁵ and a sword will pierce your own soul also, so that the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed!”

The Testimony of Anna

³⁶ And there was a prophetess, Anna the daughter of Phanuel of the tribe of Asher (she was advanced ⌞in years⌟,¹ having lived with her husband seven years ⌞after her marriage⌟,²

1. Literally “with many days”
2. Literally “from her virginity”

³⁷ and herself as a widow up to eighty-four years)¹ who did not depart from the temple with fastings and prayers, serving night and day.

1. Or “eighty-four years as a widow”

³⁸ And at that same hour she approached and¹ began to give thanks² to God, and to speak about him to all those who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“approached”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to give thanks”)

³⁹ And when they had completed everything according to the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth.

⁴⁰ And the child was growing and becoming strong, filled with wisdom, and the favor of God was upon him.

Jesus in the Temple at Twelve Years Old

⁴¹ And his parents went every year to Jerusalem for the feast of the Passover.

⁴² And when he was twelve years old, they went up according to the custom of the feast.

⁴³ And after¹ the days were completed, while they were returning, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. And his parents did not know it,²

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“were completed”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁴ but believing him to be in the group of travelers, they went a day’s journey. And they began searching for¹ him among their² relatives and their³ acquaintances,

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began searching for”)
2. Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁴⁵ and when they¹ did not find him,² they returned to Jerusalem to search for him.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“find”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁶ And it happened that after three days they found him in the temple courts,¹ sitting in the midst of the teachers and listening to them and asking them questions.

1. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

⁴⁷ And all who heard him were amazed at his insight and his¹ answers.

1. *This is an understood repetition of “his” due to English style

⁴⁸ And when they¹ saw him, they were astounded and his mother said to him, “Child, why have you done this to us? Look, your father and I have been searching for you anxiously!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

⁴⁹ And he said to them, “⌞Why⌟¹ were you searching for me? Did you not know that it was necessary for me to be in the house² of my Father?”

1. Literally “what is it that”
2. Or “things” (= business)

⁵⁰ And they did not understand the statement that he spoke to them.

⁵¹ And he went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was submitting to them. And his mother treasured all these things in her heart.

⁵² And Jesus was advancing in wisdom and stature and in favor with God and with people.

John the Baptist Begins His Ministry

¹ Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar,¹ when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod was tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip was tetrarch of the region of Iturea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias was tetrarch of Abilene,

1. Or “the emperor Tiberius”

² in the time of the high priest Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John the son of Zechariah in the wilderness.

³ And he went into all the surrounding region of the Jordan, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins,

⁴ as it is written in the book of the words of the prophet Isaiah, “The voice of one crying out in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight!

⁵ Every valley will be filled, and every mountain and hill will be leveled, and the crooked will become straight, and the rough road will become¹ smooth,

1. *Here “will become” is an implied repetition of the verb earlier in the verse

⁶ and all flesh will see the salvation of God.’ ”¹

1. A quotation from Isa 40:3–5

⁷ Therefore he was saying to the crowds that came out to be baptized by him, “Offspring of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?

⁸ Therefore produce fruit worthy of repentance! And do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as father.’ For I say to you that God is able to raise up children for Abraham from these stones!

⁹ And even now the ax is positioned at the root of the trees; therefore every tree not producing good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.”

¹⁰ And the crowds were asking him, saying, “What then should we do?”

¹¹ And he answered and¹ said to them, “The one who has two tunics must share with the one who does not have one,² and the one who has food must do likewise.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹² And tax collectors also came to be baptized, and they said to him, “Teacher, what should we do?”

¹³ And he said to them, “Collect no more than ⌞what you are ordered to⌟.”¹

1. Literally “what is ordered to you”

¹⁴ And those who served in the army were also asking him, saying, “What should we also do?” And he said to them, “Extort from no one, and do not blackmail anyone,¹ and be content with your pay.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁵ And while¹ the people were waiting expectantly and all were pondering in their hearts concerning John, whether perhaps he might be the Christ,²

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were waiting expectantly”)
2. Or “Messiah”

¹⁶ John answered them all, saying, “I baptize you with water, but the one who is more powerful than I am is coming, of whom I am not worthy to untie the strap of his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.

¹⁷ His winnowing shovel is in his hand, to clean out his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his storehouse, but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.”

¹⁸ So with many other exhortations also he proclaimed good news to the people.

¹⁹ But Herod the tetrarch, who had been reproved by him concerning Herodias, his brother’s wife, and concerning all the evil deeds that Herod had done,

²⁰ added this also to them all: he also locked up John in prison.

The Baptism of Jesus

²¹ Now it happened that when all the people were baptized, Jesus also was baptized, and while he¹ was praying, heaven was opened,

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was praying”)

²² and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form like a dove, and a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.”

The Genealogy of Jesus Christ

²³ And Jesus, when he¹ began his ministry,² was himself about thirty years old, being the son (as it was believed) of Joseph the son of Eli,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“began”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁴ the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph,

²⁵ the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Esli, the son of Naggai,

²⁶ the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda,

²⁷ the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri,

²⁸ the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er,

²⁹ the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi,

³⁰ the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim,

³¹ the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David,

³² the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Sala, the son of Nahshon,

³³ the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah,

³⁴ the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor,

³⁵ the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah,¹

1. Greek “Sala”

³⁶ the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech,

³⁷ the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan,

³⁸ the son of Enosh, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.

The Temptation of Jesus

¹ And Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit in the wilderness

² forty days, being tempted by the devil. And he ate nothing during those days, and when¹ they were completed, he was hungry.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were completed”)

³ So the devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, order this stone that it become bread!”

⁴ And Jesus replied to him, “It is written, ‘Man will not live on bread alone.’ ”¹

1. A quotation from Deut 8:3; most manuscripts add “but by every word of God” here

⁵ And he led him up and¹ showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“led … up”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶ And the devil said to him, “I will give you all this domain and their glory, because it has been handed over to me, and I can give it to whomever I want.

⁷ So if you will worship before me, all this will be yours.”

⁸ And Jesus answered and¹ said to him, “It is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and serve only him.’ ”²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. A quotation from Deut 6:13

⁹ And he brought him to Jerusalem, and had him stand on the highest point of the temple and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here,

¹⁰ for it is written, ‘He will command his angels concerning you, to protect you,’¹

1. A quotation from Ps 91:11

¹¹ and ‘on their hands they will lift you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone.’ ”¹

1. A quotation from Ps 91:12

¹² And Jesus answered and¹ said to him, “It is said, ‘You are not to put to the test the Lord your God.’ ”²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. A quotation from Deut 6:16

¹³ And when¹ the devil had completed every temptation, he departed from him until a favorable time.²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had completed”) which is understood as temporal
2. Or “for a while”

Public Ministry in Galilee

¹⁴ And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit to Galilee, and news about him went out throughout all the surrounding region.

¹⁵ And he began to teach¹ in their synagogues, and² was praised by all.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to teach”)
2. *Here the participle (“was praised”) is translated as a finite verb because of English style

Rejected at Nazareth

¹⁶ And he came to Nazareth, where ⌞he had been brought up⌟,¹ and according to ⌞his custom⌟² he entered into the synagogue on the day of the Sabbath and stood up to read.

1. Literally “he was having been brought up”
2. Literally “what he was accustomed to for him”

¹⁷ And the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him, and unrolling the scroll he found the place where it was written,

¹⁸ “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because of which he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives, and recovery of sight to the blind, to send out in freedom those who are oppressed,

¹⁹ to proclaim the favorable year of the Lord.”¹

1. A quotation from Isa 61:1–2, with one line from Isa 58:6

²⁰ And he rolled up the scroll and¹ gave it² back to the attendant and³ sat down. And the eyes of everyone in the synagogue were looking intently at him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“rolled up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“gave … back”) has been translated as a finite verb

²¹ And he began to say to them, “Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.”

²² And they were all speaking well of him, and were astonished at the gracious words that were coming out of his mouth. And they were saying, “Is this man not the son of Joseph?”

²³ And he said to them, “Doubtless you will tell me this parable: ‘Physician, heal yourself!’ Whatever we have heard that took place in Capernaum, do here in your hometown also!”

²⁴ And he said, “Truly I say to you that no prophet is acceptable in his own hometown.

²⁵ But in truth I say to you, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the sky was shut for three years and six months while a great famine took place over all the land.

²⁶ And Elijah was sent to none of them, but only to Zarephath in the region of Sidon, to a woman who was a widow.

²⁷ And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of the prophet Elisha, and none of them was made clean except Naaman the Syrian.”

²⁸ And all those in the synagogue were filled with anger when they¹ heard these things.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal

²⁹ And they stood up and¹ forced him out of the town and brought him up to the edge of the hill on which their town was built, so that they could throw him down the cliff.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood up”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁰ But he passed through their midst and¹ went on his way.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“passed”) has been translated as a finite verb

Jesus Teaches and Heals Many in Capernaum

³¹ And he came down to Capernaum, a town of Galilee, and was teaching them on the Sabbath.

³² And they were astounded at his teaching, because ⌞he spoke⌟¹ with authority.

1. Literally “his word was”

³³ And in the synagogue there was a man who had the spirit of an unclean demon,¹ and he cried out with a loud voice,

1. Or “an unclean demonic spirit”

³⁴ “Ha! ⌞Leave us alone⌟,¹ Jesus the Nazarene! Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God!”

1. Literally “what to us and to you”

³⁵ And Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be silent and come out of him!” And after¹ throwing him down in their midst, the demon came out of him without hurting him at all.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“throwing … down”) which is understood as temporal

³⁶ And amazement came upon them all, and they began to talk¹ with one another, saying, “What word² is this? For he commands the unclean spirits with authority and power, and they come out!”

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to talk”)
2. Or “command”

³⁷ And news about him went out into every place of the surrounding region.

³⁸ And after he¹ set out from the synagogue, he went into Simon’s house. And Simon’s mother-in-law was afflicted with a high fever, and they asked him on behalf of her.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“set out”) which is understood as temporal

³⁹ And he stood over her and¹ rebuked the fever, and it left her. And immediately she got up and² began to serve³ them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to serve”)

⁴⁰ Now as¹ the sun was setting, all who had those who were sick with various diseases brought them to him, and placing his² hands on every one of them, he healed them.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was setting”)
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁴¹ And demons also were coming out of many, crying out and saying, “You are the Son of God!” And he rebuked them¹ and did not permit them to speak, because they knew that he was the Christ.²

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Or “Messiah”

⁴² And when it¹ was day, he departed and² went to an isolated place. And the crowds were seeking him, and came to him and were trying to prevent him from departing from them.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“departed”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴³ But he said to them, “It is necessary for me to proclaim the good news of the kingdom of God to the other towns also, because I was sent for this purpose.

⁴⁴ And he was preaching in the synagogues of Judea.

Jesus Calls His First Disciples

¹ Now it happened that while the crowd was pressing around him and hearing the word of God, he was standing beside the lake of Gennesaret,¹

1. Another name for the Sea of Galilee

² and he saw two boats there beside the lake, but the fishermen had gotten out of them and¹ were washing their nets.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“had gotten out”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ And he got into one of the boats, which was Simon’s, and¹ asked him to put out from the land a little. And he sat down and² began to teach³ the crowds from the boat.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sat down”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to teach”)

⁴ And when he stopped speaking, he said to Simon, “Put out into the deep water and let down your nets for a catch.”

⁵ And Simon answered and¹ said, “Master, although we² worked hard through the whole night, we caught nothing. But at your word I will let down the nets.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“worked hard”) which is understood as concessive

⁶ And when they¹ did this, they caught a very large number of fish, and their nets began to tear.²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“did”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to tear”)

⁷ And they signaled to their partners in the other boat to come and¹ help them, and they came and filled both the boats so that they began to sink.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁸ And when he¹ saw it,² Simon Peter fell down at Jesus’ knees, saying, “Depart from me, Lord, because I am ⌞a sinful man⌟!”³

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “a man, a sinner”

⁹ For amazement had seized him and all those who were with him at the catch of fish that they had caught,

¹⁰ and so also were James and John, the sons of Zebedee, who were business partners with Simon. And Jesus said to Simon, “Do not be afraid! From now on you will be catching people!”

¹¹ And after they¹ brought their² boats to the land, they left everything and³ followed him.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“brought”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“left”) has been translated as a finite verb

A Leper Cleansed

¹² And it happened that while he was in one of the towns, ⌞there was⌟¹ a man ⌞covered with leprosy⌟.² And when he³ saw Jesus, he fell down on his face and⁴ begged him, saying, “Lord, if you are willing, you are able to make me clean.”

1. Literally “behold”
2. Literally “full of leprosy”
3. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
4. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“fell down”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹³ And extending his¹ hand he touched him, saying, “I am willing; be clean.” And immediately the leprosy went away from him.

1. Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁴ And he ordered him, “Tell no one, but go and¹ show yourself to the priest and bring the offering² for your cleansing just as Moses commanded, for a testimony to them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁵ But the report about him spread even more, and large crowds were gathering to hear him¹ and to be healed of their illnesses.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁶ But he himself was withdrawing in the wilderness and praying.

A Paralytic Healed

¹⁷ And it happened that on one of the days as he was teaching, Pharisees and teachers of the law were sitting there who ⌞had come⌟¹ from every village of Galilee and Judea and from Jerusalem, and the power of the Lord was there in order for him to heal.

1. Literally “were having come”

¹⁸ And behold, men came carrying on a stretcher a man who was paralyzed, and they were seeking to bring him in and place him¹² before him.

1. Some manuscripts Some manuscripts include the pronoun “him” after “place”
2. Since Greek routinely omits direct objects when they are clear from context, the pronoun is not necessary here in the Greek text, but it must be supplied in the English translation

¹⁹ And when they¹ did not find a way to bring him in because of the crowd, they went up on the roof and² let him down through the roof tiles with the stretcher into the midst of them, in front of Jesus.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“find”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went up”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁰ And when he¹ saw their faith, he said, “Friend, your sins are forgiven you.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

²¹ And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, “Who is this man who speaks blasphemies? Who is able to forgive sins except God alone?”

²² But Jesus, perceiving their thoughts, answered and¹ said to them, “Why are you reasoning in your hearts?

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

²³ Which is easier to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven you,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk?’

²⁴ But in order that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins,” he said to the one who was paralyzed, “I say to you, ‘Get up and pick up your stretcher and¹ go to your home.’ ”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“pick up”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁵ And immediately he stood up before them, picked up what he had been lying on, and¹ went away to his home, glorifying God.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participles (“stood up” and “picked up”) have been translated as finite verbs

²⁶ And amazement seized them all, and they began to glorify¹ God. And they were filled with fear, saying, “We have seen wonderful things today!”

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to glorify”)

Levi Called to Follow Jesus

²⁷ And after these things, he went out and saw a tax collector ⌞named⌟¹ Levi sitting at the tax booth, and he said to him, “Follow me!”

1. Literally “by name”

²⁸ And leaving everything behind, he got up and¹ began to follow² him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to follow”)

²⁹ And Levi gave a great banquet for him in his house, and there was a large crowd of tax collectors and others who were reclining for the meal with them.

³⁰ And the Pharisees and their scribes began to complain¹ to his disciples, saying, “Why do you eat and drink with the tax collectors and sinners?”

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to complain”)

³¹ And Jesus answered and¹ said to them, “Those who are healthy do not have need of a physician, but those ⌞who are sick⌟.²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “having badly”

³² I have not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance.”

On Fasting

³³ And they said to him, “The disciples of John fast often and make prayers—likewise also the disciples¹ of the Pharisees—but yours are eating and drinking!”

1. *The word “disciples” is not in the Greek text but is implied

³⁴ So he¹ said² to them, “You are not able to make the ⌞bridegroom’s attendants⌟³ fast as long as the bridegroom is with them, are you?⁴

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. Some manuscripts have “So Jesus said”
3. Literally “sons of the bridal chamber”
4. *The negative construction in Greek anticipates a negative answer here, indicated in the translation by the phrase “are you”

³⁵ But days will come, and when the bridegroom is taken away from them, then they will fast in those days.”

³⁶ And he also told a parable to them: “No one tears a patch from a new garment and¹ puts it² on an old garment. Otherwise, he will have torn the new also, and the old will not match the patch that is from the new.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“tears”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁷ And no one pours new wine into old wineskins. Otherwise, the new wine will burst the wineskins, and it will be spilled and the wineskins will be destroyed.

³⁸ But new wine must be put into new wineskins.

³⁹ And no one after¹ drinking old wine² wants new, because he says, ‘The old is just fine!’ ”

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“drinking”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The word “wine” is not in the Greek text but is implied

Plucking Grain on the Sabbath

¹ Now it happened that on a Sabbath he went through the grain fields, and his disciples were picking and eating the heads of grain, rubbing them¹ in their² hands.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

² But some of the Pharisees said, “Why are you doing what is not permitted on the Sabbath?

³ And Jesus answered and¹ said to them, “Have you not read this, what David did when he and those who were with him were hungry—

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴ how he entered into the house of God and took the bread of the presentation, which it is not permitted to eat (except the priests alone), and¹ ate it² and gave it³ to those with him?”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵ And he said to them, “The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

A Man with a Withered Hand Healed

⁶ Now it happened that on another Sabbath he entered into the synagogue and was teaching, and a man was there, and his right hand was withered.

⁷ So the scribes and the Pharisees were watching closely¹ to see if he would heal on the Sabbath, in order that they could find a reason² to accuse him.

1. Some manuscripts have “were watching him closely”
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁸ But he knew their thoughts and said to the man who had the withered hand, “Get up and stand in the middle,” and he got up and¹ stood there.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“get up”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁹ And Jesus said to them, “I ask you whether it is permitted on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save a life or to destroy it?”¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁰ And after¹ looking around at them all, he said to him, “Stretch out your hand,” and he did, and his hand was restored.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“looking around”) which is understood as temporal

¹¹ But they were filled with fury, and began discussing¹ with one another what they might do to Jesus.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began discussing”)

The Selection of the Twelve Apostles

¹² Now it happened that in these days he went away to the mountain to pray, and was spending the whole night in prayer to God.

¹³ And when day came, he summoned his disciples and chose from them twelve, whom he also named apostles:

¹⁴ Simon (whom he also named Peter) and his brother Andrew, and James, and John, and Philip, and Bartholomew,

¹⁵ and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot,

¹⁶ and Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.

The Sermon on the Plain: The Beatitudes

¹⁷ And he came down with them and¹ stood on a level place, and a large crowd of his disciples and a great multitude of people from all of Judea and Jerusalem and the seacoast district of Tyre and Sidon,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came down”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁸ who came to hear him and to be healed of their diseases, and those who were troubled by unclean spirits were cured.

¹⁹ And the whole crowd was seeking to touch him, because power was going out from him and healing them all.

²⁰ And he lifted up his eyes to his disciples and¹ said, “Blessed are the poor, because yours is the kingdom of God.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“lifted up”) has been translated as a finite verb

²¹ Blessed are those who are hungry now, because you will be satisfied. Blessed are those who weep now, Because you will laugh.

²² Blessed are you when people hate you, and when they exclude you and revile you and spurn your name as evil on account of the Son of Man.

The Sermon on the Plain: Woes

²³ Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven. For their fathers used to do the same things to the prophets.

²⁴ “But woe to you who are rich, because you have received your comfort.

²⁵ Woe to you who are satisfied now, because you will be hungry. Woe, you who laugh now, because you will mourn and weep.

²⁶ Woe whenever all people speak well of you, for their fathers used to do the same things to the false prophets.

The Sermon on the Plain: Love for Enemies

²⁷ “But to you who are listening I say: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you,

²⁸ bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you.

²⁹ To the one who strikes you on the cheek, offer the other also, and from the one who takes away your cloak, do not withhold your tunic also.

³⁰ Give to everyone who asks you, and from the one who takes away your things, do not ask for them back.¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³¹ And just as you want people ⌞to do⌟¹ to you, do ⌞the same⌟² to them.

1. Literally “would do”
2. Literally “likewise”

³² “And if you love those who love you, what kind of credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them!

³³ And if¹ you do good to those who do good to you, what kind of credit is that to you? Even the sinners do the same!

1. Some manuscripts have “For even if”

³⁴ And if you lend to those from whom you expect to receive back, what kind of credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, so that they may get back an equal amount!

³⁵ But love your enemies, and do good, and lend expecting back nothing, and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, because he is kind to the ungrateful and wicked.

³⁶ Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful!¹

1. Some manuscripts have “also is merciful”

The Sermon on the Plain: On Judging Others

³⁷ “And do not judge, and you will never be judged. And do not condemn, and you will never be condemned. Pardon, and you will be pardoned.

³⁸ Give, and it will be given to you, a good measure—pressed down, shaken, overflowing—they will pour out into your lap. For with the measure by which you measure out, it will be measured out to you in return.”

³⁹ And he also told them a parable: “Surely a blind person cannot lead the blind, can he?¹ Will they not both fall into a pit?

1. *The negative construction in Greek anticipates a negative answer here, indicated in the translation by the phrase “can he”

⁴⁰ A disciple is not superior to his¹ teacher, but everyone, when he² is fully trained, will be like his teacher.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“is fully trained”) which is understood as temporal

⁴¹ And why do you see the speck that is in your brother’s eye, but do not notice the beam of wood that is in your own eye?

⁴² How are you able to say to your brother, “Brother, allow me to remove the speck that is in your eye,” while¹ you yourself do not see the beam of wood in your own eye? Hypocrite! First remove the beam of wood from your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck that is in your brother’s eye!

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the participle (“see”) which is understood as temporal

The Sermon on the Plain: Trees and Their Fruit

⁴³ “For there is no good tree that produces bad fruit, nor on the other hand a bad tree that produces good fruit,

⁴⁴ for each tree is known by its own fruit. For figs are not gathered from thorn plants, nor are grapes harvested from thorn bushes.

⁴⁵ The good person out of the good treasury of his heart brings forth good, and the evil person out of his¹ evil treasury² brings forth evil. For out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *The word “treasury” here is an understood repetition from earlier in the verse

⁴⁶ “And why do you call me ‘Lord, Lord,’ and do not do what I tell you?¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

The Sermon on the Plain: Two Houses and Two Foundations

⁴⁷ “Everyone who comes to me and listens to my words and does them—I will show you what he is like:

⁴⁸ he is like a man building a house, who dug and went down deep and laid the foundation on the rock. And when¹ a flood came, the river burst against that house and was not able to shake it, because it had been built well.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“came”)

⁴⁹ But the one who hears my words¹ and does not do them² is like a man who built a house on the ground without a foundation, which the river burst against, and immediately it collapsed—and the collapse of that house was great!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

A Centurion’s Slave Healed

¹ After he had finished all his statements in the hearing of the people, he entered into Capernaum.

² Now a certain centurion’s slave, who was esteemed by him, ⌞was sick⌟¹ and² was about to die.

1. Literally “was having badly”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“was having”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ So when he¹ heard about Jesus, he sent Jewish elders to him, asking him that he would come and² cure his slave.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴ And when they¹ came to Jesus, they began imploring² him earnestly, saying, “He is worthy that you grant this for him,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal
2. The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began imploring”)

⁵ because he loves our nation and he himself built the synagogue for us.”

⁶ So Jesus went with them. Now by this time he was not far away from the house, and¹ the centurion sent friends, saying to him, “Lord, do not trouble yourself, for I am not worthy that you should come in under my roof.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“away”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁷ For this reason neither did I consider myself worthy to come to you. But say the word and my slave must be healed.

⁸ For I also am a man placed under authority, who has soldiers under me, and I say to this one, ‘Go!’ and he goes, and to another one, ‘Come!’ and he comes, and to my slave, ‘Do this!’ and he does it.”¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁹ And when¹ Jesus heard these things, he marveled at him, and turning around to the crowd that was following him, he said, “I tell you, not even in Israel have I found such great faith!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁰ And when they¹ returned to the house, those who had been sent found the slave healthy.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“returned”) which is understood as temporal

A Widow’s Son Raised

¹¹ And it happened that on the next day he went to a town called Nain, and his disciples and a large crowd went with him.

¹² And as he approached the gate of the town, behold, a man who had died was being carried out, his mother’s only son, and she was a widow. And a large crowd from the town was with her.

¹³ And when¹ the Lord saw her, he had compassion for her and said to her, “Do not weep!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁴ And he came up and¹ touched the bier, and those who were carrying it² stopped. And he said, “Young man, I say to you, get up!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁵ And the dead man sat up and began to speak, and he gave him to his mother.

¹⁶ And fear seized them all, and they began to glorify¹ God, saying, “A great prophet has appeared among us!” and “God has visited to help his people!”

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to glorify”)

¹⁷ And this report about him went out in the whole of Judea and in all the surrounding region.

A Question from John the Baptist

¹⁸ And his disciples reported to John about all these things. And summoning a certain two of his disciples, John

¹⁹ sent them¹ to the Lord,² saying, “Are you the one who is to come, or should we look for another?”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. A number of significant manuscripts read “Jesus”

²⁰ And when¹ the men came to him, they said, “John the Baptist sent us to you, saying, ‘Are you the one who is to come, or should we look for another?’ ”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal

²¹ In that hour he healed many people of diseases and suffering and evil spirits, and he granted sight to many blind people.

²² And he answered and¹ said to them, “Go and² tell John what you have seen and heard: the blind receive sight, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear;³ the dead are raised, the poor have good news announced to them.⁴

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Some manuscripts have “and the deaf hear”
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²³ And whoever is not offended by me is blessed.”

²⁴ And when¹ the messengers of John had departed, he began to speak to the crowds concerning John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken by the wind?

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had departed”)

²⁵ But what did you go out to see? A man dressed in soft clothing? Behold, those who are in splendid clothing and luxury are in the royal palaces.

²⁶ But what did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and even more than a prophet!

²⁷ It is this man about whom it is written: ‘Behold, I am sending my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way before you.’¹

1. A quotation from Mal 3:1; cf. Mark 1:2; Matt 11:10

²⁸ I tell you, there is no one greater among those born of women than John, but the one who is least in the kingdom of God is greater than he.

²⁹ (And all the people, when they¹ heard this²—even the tax collectors—affirmed the righteousness of God, because they³ had been baptized with the baptism of John,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had been baptized”) which is understood as causal

³⁰ but the Pharisees and the legal experts rejected the purpose of God for themselves, because they¹ had not been baptized by him.)

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“been baptized”) which is understood as causal

³¹ “To what then shall I compare the people of this generation, and what are they like?

³² They are like children sitting in the marketplace and calling out to one another, who say, ‘We played the flute for you and you did not dance; we sang a lament and you did not weep.’

³³ For John the Baptist has come not eating bread or drinking wine, and you say, ‘He has a demon!’

³⁴ The Son of Man has come eating and drinking, and you say, ‘Behold, a man who is a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’

³⁵ And wisdom is vindicated by all her children.”

A Sinful Woman Anoints Jesus’ Feet

³⁶ Now one of the Pharisees asked him to eat with him, and he entered into the house of the Pharisee and¹ reclined at the table.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“entered”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁷ And behold, a woman in the town who was a sinner, when she¹ learned that he was dining in the Pharisee’s house, brought an alabaster flask of perfumed oil,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“learned”) which is understood as temporal

³⁸ and standing behind him at his feet weeping, she began to wet his feet with her tears and was wiping them¹ with the hair of her head and was kissing his feet and anointing them² with the perfumed oil.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁹ Now when¹ the Pharisee who invited him saw this,² he spoke to himself, saying, “If this man were a prophet, he would have known who and what kind of woman this is who is touching him, that she is a sinner.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁰ And Jesus answered and¹ said to him, “Simon, I have something to say to you.” And he said, “Teacher, say it.”²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴¹ “There were two debtors who owed a certain creditor. One owed five hundred denarii and the other fifty.

⁴² When¹ they were not able to repay him,² he forgave the debts³ of both. Now which of them will love him more?”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“able”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴³ Simon answered and¹ said, “I suppose that it is the one to whom he forgave more.” And he said to him, “You have judged correctly.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴⁴ And turning toward the woman, he said to Simon, “Do you see this woman? I entered into your house. You did not give me water for my feet, but she wet my feet with her tears and wiped them¹ with her hair.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁵ You did not give me a kiss, but from the time I entered, she has not stopped kissing my feet.

⁴⁶ You did not anoint my head with olive oil, but she anointed my feet with perfumed oil.

⁴⁷ ⌞For this reason⌟¹ I tell you, her sins—which were many—have been forgiven, for she loved much. But the one to whom little is forgiven loves little.”

1. Literally “on account of which”

⁴⁸ And he said to her, “Your sins are forgiven.”

⁴⁹ And those who were reclining at the table with him began to say among themselves, “Who is this who even forgives sins?”

⁵⁰ And he said to the woman, “Your faith has saved you. Go in peace.”

Some Women Accompany Jesus

¹ And it happened that ⌞afterward⌟¹ also he was going about from one town and village to another preaching and proclaiming the good news concerning the kingdom of God, and the twelve were with him,

1. Literally “in what follows”

² and some women who had been healed of evil spirits and diseases: Mary (who was called Magdalene), from whom seven demons had gone out,

³ and Joanna the wife of Chuza (Herod’s household manager), and Susanna, and many others who were helping to support them from their possessions.

The Parable of the Sower

⁴ And while¹ a large crowd was gathering and they were going to him from town after town, he spoke by means of a parable:

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was gathering”)

⁵ “The sower went out to sow his seed, and while he was sowing, ⌞some seed⌟¹ fell on the side of the path and was trampled under foot, and the birds of the sky devoured it.

1. Literally “some of which”

⁶ And other seed fell on the rock, and when it¹ came up, it withered, because it did not have moisture.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came up”) which is understood as temporal

⁷ And other seed fell in the midst of the thorn plants, and the thorn plants grew up with it¹ and² choked it.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“grew up with”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁸ And other seed fell on the good soil, and when it¹ came up, it produced a hundred times as much grain.” As he² said these things, he called out, “The one who has ears to hear, let him hear!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came up”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“said”) which is understood as temporal

The Reason for the Parables

⁹ And his disciples asked him what this parable meant.

¹⁰ And he said, “To you it has been given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God, but to the rest they are in parables, so that ‘Seeing they may not see, and hearing they may not understand.’¹

1. A quotation from Isa 6:9

The Parable of the Sower Interpreted

¹¹ Now the parable means this: the seed is the word of God,

¹² and those beside the path are the ones who have heard. Then the devil comes and takes away the word from their heart, so that they may not believe and¹ be saved.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“believe”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹³ And those on the rock are those who receive the word with joy when they hear it,¹ and these do not have enough root, who believe for a time and in a time of testing fall away.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁴ And the seed that fell into the thorn plants—these are the ones who hear and as they¹ go along are choked by the worries and riches and pleasures of life, and they do not bear fruit to maturity.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“go along”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁵ But the seed on the good soil—these are the ones who, after¹ hearing the word, hold fast to it² with a noble and good heart, and bear fruit with patient endurance.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“hearing”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

The Parable of the Lamp

¹⁶ “And no one, after¹ lighting a lamp, covers it with a jar or puts it² under a bed, but puts it³ on a lampstand, so that those who come in can see the light.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“lighting”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁷ For nothing is secret that will not become evident, and nothing hidden that will never be known and come to light.

¹⁸ Therefore consider how you listen, for whoever has, to him more will be given, and whoever does not have, even what he thinks that he has will be taken away from him.”

Jesus’ Mother and Brothers

¹⁹ Now his mother and brothers came to him, and they were not able to meet with him because of the crowd.

²⁰ And it was reported to him, “Your mother and your brothers are standing outside wanting to see you.”

²¹ But he answered and¹ said to them, “These are my mother and my brothers—the ones who hear the word of God and do it.²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Calming of a Storm

²² Now it happened that on one of the days both he and his disciples got into a boat, and he said to them, “Let us cross over to the other side of the lake.” And they set sail,

²³ and as¹ they were sailing, he fell asleep. And a storm of wind came down on the lake, and they were being swamped and were in danger.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were sailing”)

²⁴ And they came and¹ woke him up, saying, “Master, master! We are perishing!” So he got up and² rebuked the wind and the billowing waves of water and they ceased, and it became calm.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁵ And he said to them, “Where is your faith?” But they were afraid and¹ were astonished, saying to one another, “Who then is this, that he commands even the winds and the water and they obey him?”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“were afraid”) has been translated as a finite verb

A Demon-possessed Gerasene Healed

²⁶ And they sailed to the region of the Gerasenes, which is opposite Galilee.

²⁷ And as¹ he got out on the land, a certain man from the town met him² who had demons and for a considerable time had not worn clothes and did not live in a house, but among the tombs.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“got out”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁸ And when he¹ saw Jesus, he cried out, fell down before him, and said with a loud voice, “⌞What do I have to do with you⌟,² Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I beg you, do not torment me!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “what to me and to you”

²⁹ For he had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man. (For it had seized him many times, and he was bound with chains and shackles and¹ was guarded, and breaking the bonds he would be driven by the demon into the deserted places.)

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“was bound”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁰ So Jesus asked him, “What is your name?” And he said, “Legion,” because many demons had entered into him.

³¹ And they began imploring¹ him that he would not order them to depart into the abyss.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began imploring”)

³² Now there was a large herd of pigs feeding there on the hill, and they implored him that he would permit them to enter into those pigs. And he permitted them.

³³ So the demons came out of the man and¹ entered into the pigs, and the herd rushed headlong down the steep slope into the lake and were drowned.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came out”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁴ And when¹ the herdsmen saw what had happened, they fled and reported it² in the town and in the countryside.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁵ So they went out to see what had happened, and they came to Jesus and found the man from whom the demons had gone out sitting there clothed and in his right mind, at the feet of Jesus, and they were afraid.

³⁶ And those who had seen it¹ reported to them how the man who had been demon-possessed had been healed.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁷ And all the people of the surrounding region of the Gerasenes asked him to depart from them, because they had been seized with great fear. So he got into the boat and¹ returned.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁸ And the man from who the demons had gone out was begging him to stay with him, but he sent him away, saying,

³⁹ “Return to your home and tell all that God has done for you.” And he went away, proclaiming throughout the whole town all that Jesus had done for him.

A Woman Healed and a Daughter Raised

⁴⁰ Now when Jesus returned, the crowd welcomed him, because they were all waiting for him.

⁴¹ And behold, a man ⌞who was named⌟¹ Jairus came, and this man was a ruler of the synagogue. And he fell down at the feet of Jesus and² began imploring³ him to come to his house,

1. Literally “to whom the name”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“fell down”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began imploring”)

⁴² because ⌞he had⌟¹ an only daughter, about twelve years old, and she was dying. Now as he was going, the crowds were pressing against him.

1. Literally “there was to him”

⁴³ And a woman who was ⌞suffering from hemorrhages⌟¹ for twelve years (who, although she² had spent all her³ assets on physicians, was not able to be healed by anyone)

1. Literally, “with a flow of blood”
2. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had spent”) which is understood as concessive
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁴⁴ came up behind him and¹ touched the edge of his cloak, and immediately ⌞her hemorrhaging⌟² stopped.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “the flow of her blood”

⁴⁵ And Jesus said, “Who is the one who touched me?” And when they¹ all denied it,² Peter said, “Master, the crowds are pressing you hard and crowding you!”³

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“denied”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁶ But Jesus said, “Someone touched me, because I know power has gone out from me.”

⁴⁷ And when¹ the woman saw that she did not escape notice, she came trembling and falling down before him. In the presence of all the people, she told for what reason she had touched him, and that she was healed immediately.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

⁴⁸ And he said to her, “Daughter, your faith has saved you. Go in peace.”

⁴⁹ While¹ he was still speaking, someone came from the synagogue ruler’s house, saying, “Your daughter is dead! Trouble the Teacher no longer!”

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“speaking”)

⁵⁰ But Jesus, when he¹ heard this,² replied to him, “Do not be afraid! Only believe, and she will be healed.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵¹ Now when he¹ came to the house, he did not allow anyone to enter with him except Peter and John and James and the father and mother of the child.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal

⁵² And they were all weeping and mourning for her, but he said, “Do not weep! For she is not dead, but is sleeping.”

⁵³ And they began laughing¹ at him, because they² knew that she was dead.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began laughing”)
2. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“knew”) which is understood as causal

⁵⁴ But he took her hand and¹ called, saying, “Child, get up.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵⁵ And her spirit returned, and she got up immediately, and he ordered something¹ to be given to her to eat.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵⁶ And her parents were astonished, but he ordered them to tell no one what had happened.

The Twelve Commissioned and Sent Out

¹ And summoning the twelve, he gave them power and authority over all the demons and to cure diseases,

² and he sent them out to proclaim the kingdom of God and to heal the sick.

³ And he said to them, “Take along nothing for the journey—neither a staff, nor a traveler’s bag, nor bread, nor money, nor to have two tunics apiece.

⁴ And into whatever house you enter, stay there and depart from there.

⁵ And as for all those who do not welcome you—when you¹ depart from that town, shake off the dust from your feet for a testimony against them.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“depart”) which is understood as temporal

⁶ So they departed and¹ went throughout the villages, proclaiming the good news and healing everywhere.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“departed”) has been translated as a finite verb

Herod Perplexed About Jesus

⁷ Now Herod the tetrarch heard about all that was happening, and he was greatly perplexed, because it was said by some that John has been raised from the dead,

⁸ and by some that Elijah had appeared, and others that some prophet of ancient times had risen.

⁹ And Herod said, “John I beheaded, but who is this about whom I hear such things?” And he was wanting to see him.

The Feeding of Five Thousand

¹⁰ And when they¹ returned, the apostles described to him all that they had done. And he took them along and² withdrew privately to a town called Bethsaida.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“returned”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took … along”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹¹ But when¹ the crowds found out, they followed him, and welcoming them, he began to speak² to them about the kingdom of God, and he cured those who had need of healing.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“found out”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to speak”)

¹² Now the day began to be far spent, and the twelve came up and¹ said to him, “Send away the crowd so that they can go into the surrounding villages and farms to obtain lodging and find provisions, because we are here in a desolate place.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹³ But he said to them, “You give them something to eat!” And they said, “⌞We have no⌟¹ more than five loaves and two fish, unless perhaps we go and² purchase food for all these people.”

1. Literally “there is not to us”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁴ (For there were about five thousand men.) So he said to his disciples, “Have them sit down in groups of about fifty each.”

¹⁵ And they did so, and had them all sit down.

¹⁶ And taking the five loaves and the two fish, and¹ looking up to heaven, he gave thanks and broke them and began giving² them³ to the disciples to set before the crowd.

1. *Here “and” is supplied before the participle (“looking up”) in keeping with English style
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began giving”)
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to speak”)

¹⁷ And they all ate and were satisfied, and what was left over was picked up by them—twelve baskets of broken pieces.

Peter’s Confession

¹⁸ And it happened that while he was praying alone, the disciples were with him. And he asked them, saying, “Who do the crowds say that I am?”

¹⁹ And they answered and¹ said, “John the Baptist, but others, Elijah, and others, that one of the ancient prophets has risen.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁰ And he said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” And Peter answered and¹ said, “The Christ of God.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection

²¹ But he warned and¹ commanded them to tell this to no one,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“warned”) has been translated as a finite verb

²² saying, “It is necessary for the Son of Man to suffer many things and to be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and to be killed, and to be raised on the third day.

Taking Up One’s Cross to Follow Jesus

²³ And he said to them all, “If anyone wants to come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross every day and follow me.

²⁴ For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life on account of me, this person will save it.

²⁵ For what is a person benefited if he¹ gains the whole world but loses or forfeits himself?

1. *Here “if” is supplied as a component of the participle (“gains”) which is understood as conditional

²⁶ For whoever is ashamed of me and my words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of this person when he comes in his glory and the glory¹ of the Father and of the holy angels.

1. *Here “glory” is an understood repetition of the same word earlier in this verse

²⁷ But I tell you truly, there are some of those standing here who will never experience death until they see the kingdom of God.”

The Transfiguration

²⁸ Now it happened that about eight days after these words, he took along Peter and John and James and¹ went up on the mountain to pray.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took along”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁹ And as he was praying, the appearance of his face became different, and his clothing became white, gleaming like lightning.¹

1. Or “became brilliant as light”; or “became dazzling white”

³⁰ And behold, two men were talking with him, who were Moses and Elijah,

³¹ who appeared in glory and¹ were speaking about his departure which he was about to fulfill² in Jerusalem.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“appeared”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Or “to accomplish”

³² Now Peter and those with him were ⌞very sleepy⌟,¹ but when they² became fully awake, they saw his glory and the two men who were standing with him.

1. Literally “burdened with sleep”
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“became fully awake”) which is understood as temporal

³³ And it happened that as they were going away from him, Peter said to Jesus, “Master, it is good for us to be here. And let us make three shelters, one for you and one for Moses and one for Elijah,” not knowing what he was saying.

³⁴ And while¹ he was saying these things, a cloud came and overshadowed them, and they were afraid as they entered into the cloud.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“saying”)

³⁵ And a voice came from the cloud, saying, “This is my Son, my Chosen One. Listen to him!”

³⁶ And after the voice had occurred, Jesus was found alone. And they kept silent and told no one in those days anything of what they had seen.

A Demon-possessed Boy Healed

³⁷ Now it happened that on the next day, when¹ they had come down from the mountain, a large crowd met him.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had come down”)

³⁸ And behold, a man from the crowd cried out, saying, “Teacher, I beg you to look with concern on my son, because he is my only son!

³⁹ And behold, a spirit seizes him and suddenly he screams, and it convulses him with foam and rarely withdraws from him, battering him severely.

⁴⁰ And I begged your disciples that they would expel it, and they were not able to do so.”

⁴¹ So Jesus answered and¹ said, “O unbelieving and perverted generation! ⌞How long⌟² will I be with you and put up with you? Bring your son here!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “until when”

⁴² And while¹ he was still approaching, the demon threw him down and convulsed him.² But Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit and healed the boy, and gave him back to his father.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“approaching”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Jesus Predicts His Suffering

⁴³ And they were all astounded at the impressiveness of God. But while they¹ were all marveling at all the things that he was doing, he said to his disciples,

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“marveling”)

⁴⁴ “⌞You take these words to heart⌟,¹ for the Son of Man is about to be betrayed into the hands of men.”

1. Literally “you put these words into your ears”

⁴⁵ But they did not understand this statement, and it was concealed from them so that they could not understand it. And they were afraid to ask him about this statement.

The Question About Who Is Greatest

⁴⁶ And an argument developed among them as to who of them might be greatest.

⁴⁷ But Jesus, because he¹ knew the thoughts of their hearts, took hold of a child and had him stand beside him

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“knew”) which is understood as causal

⁴⁸ and said to them, “Whoever welcomes this child in my name welcomes me, and whoever welcomes me welcomes the one who sent me. For the one who is least among you all—this one is great.”

Whoever Is Not Against Us Is for Us

⁴⁹ And John answered and¹ said, “Master, we saw someone expelling demons in your name, and we tried to prevent him, because he does not follow in company with us.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵⁰ But Jesus said to him, “Do not prevent him,¹ because whoever is not against you is for you.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Jesus Rejected in a Samaritan Village

⁵¹ Now it happened that when the days were approaching ⌞for him to be taken up⌟,¹ he set his² face to go to Jerusalem.

1. Literally “of his taking up”
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁵² And he sent messengers before ⌞him⌟,¹ and they went and² entered into a village of the Samaritans in order to prepare for him.

1. Literally “his face”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵³ And they did not welcome him because ⌞he was determined to go⌟¹ to Jerusalem.

1. Literally “his face was going”

⁵⁴ Now when¹ the disciples James and John saw it,² they said, “Lord, do you want us to call fire to come down from heaven and consume them?”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵⁵ But he turned around and¹ rebuked them,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“turned around”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵⁶ and they proceeded to another village.

Would-be Followers

⁵⁷ And as¹ they were traveling on the road, someone said to him, “I will follow you wherever you go!”

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were going”)

⁵⁸ And Jesus said to him, “Foxes have dens and birds of the sky have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay his¹ head.”

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁵⁹ And he said to another, “Follow me!” But he said, “Lord, first allow me to go and¹ bury my father.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go”) has been translated as an infinitive

⁶⁰ But he said to him, “Leave the dead to bury their own dead! But you go and¹ proclaim the kingdom of God.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶¹ And another person also said, “I will follow you, Lord, but first allow me to say farewell to those in my house.”

⁶² But Jesus said,¹ “No one who puts his² hand on the plow and looks back is fit for the kingdom of God!”

1. Some manuscripts have “said to him”
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

The Seventy-Two Appointed and Sent Out

¹ And after these things, the Lord also¹ appointed seventy-two others and sent them out two by two before ⌞him⌟² into every town and place where he was about to go.

1. Some manuscripts omit “also”
2. Literally “his presence”

² And he said to them, “The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. Therefore ask the Lord of the harvest that he send out workers into his harvest.

³ Go! Behold, I am sending you out like lambs in the midst of wolves!

⁴ Do not carry a money bag or a traveler’s bag or sandals, and greet no one along the road.

⁵ And into whatever house you enter, first say, “Peace be to this household!”

⁶ And if a son of peace is there, your peace will rest on him. But if not, it will return to you.

⁷ And remain in the same house, eating and drinking ⌞whatever they provide⌟,¹ for the worker is worthy of his pay. Do not move from house to house.

1. Literally “the things from them”

⁸ And into whatever town you enter and they welcome you, eat ⌞whatever is⌟¹ set before you,

1. Literally “the things”

⁹ and heal the sick in it, and say to them, “The kingdom of God has come near to you.”

¹⁰ But into whatever town you enter and they do not welcome you, go out into its streets and¹ say,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go out”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹¹ “Even the dust of your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you! Nevertheless know this: that the kingdom of God has come near!”¹

1. Or “has come”

¹² I tell you that it will be more bearable on that day for Sodom than for that town!

¹³ Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes!

¹⁴ But it will be more bearable for Tyre and for Sidon in the judgment than for you!

¹⁵ And you, Capernaum, will you be exalted to heaven? No! You will be brought down to Hades!

¹⁶ The one who listens to you listens to me, and the one who rejects you rejects me. But the one who rejects me rejects the one who sent me.”

¹⁷ And the seventy-two returned with joy, saying, “Lord, even the demons are subject to us in your name!”

¹⁸ So he said to them, “I saw Satan falling like lightning from heaven.

¹⁹ Behold, I have given you the authority to tread on snakes and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy, and nothing will ever harm you.

²⁰ Nevertheless, do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subject to you, but rejoice that your names are inscribed in heaven.”

Jesus Rejoices and Prays

²¹ At that same time he rejoiced in the Holy Spirit and said, “I praise you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that you have hidden these things from the wise and intelligent and have revealed them to young children. Yes, Father, for this was pleasing before you.

²² All things have been handed over to me by my Father, and no one knows who the Son is except the Father and who the Father is except the Son, and anyone to whom the Son wants to reveal him.”¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²³ And turning to the disciples, he said privately, “Blessed are the eyes that see the things which you see!

²⁴ For I tell you that many prophets and kings desired to see the things which you see, and did not see them,¹ and to hear the things which you hear, and did not hear them.”²

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

The Parable of the Good Samaritan

²⁵ And behold, a certain legal expert stood up to test him, saying, “Teacher, what must I do so that I will inherit eternal life?”

²⁶ And he said to him, “What is written in the law? How do you read it?”¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁷ And he answered and¹ said, “You shall love the Lord your God from all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind,² and your neighbor as yourself.”³

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. A quotation from Deut 6:5
3. A quotation from Lev 19:18

²⁸ And he said to him, “You have answered correctly. Do this and you will live.”

²⁹ But he, wanting to justify himself, said to Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?”

³⁰ And¹ Jesus replied and² said, “A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell into the hands of robbers, who both stripped him and beat him.³ After⁴ inflicting blows on him,⁵ they went away, leaving him⁶ half dead.

1. Some manuscripts omit “and”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“replied”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“inflicting blows on”) which is understood as temporal
5. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
6. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³¹ Now by coincidence a certain priest was going down on that road, and when he¹ saw him, he passed by on the opposite side.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

³² And in the same way also a Levite, when he¹ came down to the place² and saw him,³ passed by on the opposite side.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal
2. Some manuscripts have “who happened by the place, when he came up to him”
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³³ But a certain Samaritan who was traveling came up to him and, when he¹ saw him,² had compassion.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁴ And he came up and¹ bandaged his wounds, pouring on olive oil and wine, and he put him on his own animal and² brought him to an inn and took care of him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“put”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁵ And on the next day, he took out two denarii and¹ gave them²³ to the innkeeper, and said, “Take care of him, and whatever you spend in addition, I will repay to you when I return.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took out”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Some manuscripts have “he took out and gave two denarii”

³⁶ Which of these three do you suppose became a neighbor of the man who fell among the robbers?”

³⁷ So he said, “The one who showed mercy to him.” And Jesus said to him, “You go and do likewise.”

Martha and Mary

³⁸ Now as they traveled along, he entered into a certain village. And a certain woman ⌞named⌟¹ Martha welcomed him.²

1. Literally “by name”
2. Most manuscripts add some form of the location such as “into her house” but there is considerable variation in the exact wording, so the shorter reading is preferred

³⁹ And ⌞she had⌟¹ a sister named Mary, who also sat at the feet of Jesus² and³ was listening to his teaching.

1. Literally “this was”
2. Some manuscripts have “of the Lord”
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sat”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴⁰ But Martha was distracted with much preparation, so she approached and¹ said, “Lord, is it not a concern to you that my sister has left me alone to make preparations? Then tell her that she should help me!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“approached”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴¹ But the Lord answered and¹ said to her, “Martha, Martha, you are anxious and troubled about many things!

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴² But few things are necessary, or only one thing,¹ for Mary has chosen the better part, which will not be taken away from her.”

1. Some manuscripts have “But one thing is necessary”

How to Pray

¹ And it happened that while he was in a certain place praying, when he stopped a certain one of his disciples said to him, “Lord, teach us to pray, just as John also taught his disciples.”

² And he said to them, “When you pray, say, “Father, may your name be treated as holy. May your kingdom come.

³ Give us each day our daily bread.

⁴ And forgive us our sins, for we ourselves also forgive everyone who is indebted to us. And do not lead us into temptation.”

Ask, Seek, Knock

⁵ And he said to them, “Who of you will have a friend, and will go to him at midnight and say to him, ‘Friend, lend me three loaves,

⁶ because a friend of mine has come to me on a journey, and I do not have anything to set before him.’

⁷ And that one will answer from inside and¹ say, ‘Do not cause me trouble! The door has already been shut and my children are with me in bed! I am not able to get up to give you anything.’²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“will answer”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁸ I tell you, even if he does not give him anything¹ after he² gets up because he is his friend, at any rate because of his impudence³ he will get up and⁴ give him whatever he needs.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“gets up”) which is understood as temporal
3. Or “shamelessness”; some translate as “persistence” based on the context, though this is not the normal meaning of the word
4. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“will get up”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁹ And I tell you, ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and it will be opened for you.

¹⁰ For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it will be opened.

¹¹ But what father from among you, if his¹ son will ask for a fish, instead of a fish will give him a snake?

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹² Or also, if he will ask for an egg, will give him a scorpion?

¹³ Therefore if you, although you¹ are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the Father from heaven give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him?”

1. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“are”) which is understood as concessive

A House Divided Cannot Stand

¹⁴ And he was expelling a mute demon.¹ Now it happened that when² the demon came out, the man who had been mute spoke, and the crowds were astonished.

1. Some manuscripts have “a demon, and it was mute”
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“came out”)

¹⁵ But some of them said, “By Beelzebul the ruler of demons he expels demons!”

¹⁶ And others, in order to¹ test him,² were demanding from him a sign from heaven.

1. *Here “in order to” is supplied as a component of the participle (“test”) which is understood as purpose
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁷ But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and ⌞a divided household⌟¹ falls.

1. Literally “house against house”

¹⁸ So if Satan also is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? For you say that I expel demons by Beelzebul.

¹⁹ But if I expel demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons expel them?¹ For this reason they will be your judges!

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁰ But if I expel demons by the finger of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you!

²¹ When a strong man, fully armed, guards his own palace, his possessions are ⌞safe⌟.¹

1. Literally “in peace”

²² But when a stronger man attacks him and¹ conquers him, he takes away his full armor in which he trusted and distributes his plunder.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“attacks”) has been translated as a finite verb

²³ The one who is not with me is against me, and the one who does not gather with me scatters.

An Unclean Spirit Returns

²⁴ “Whenever an unclean spirit has gone out of a person, it travels through waterless places searching for rest, and does not find it.¹ It says,² ‘I will return to my house from which I came out.’

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Some manuscripts have “Then it says”

²⁵ And when it¹ arrives it finds the house² swept and put in order.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arrives”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁶ Then it goes and brings along seven other spirits more evil than itself, and they go in and¹ live there. And the last state of that person becomes worse than the first!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go in”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁷ Now it happened that as he said these things, a certain woman from the crowd raised her voice and¹ said to him, “Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts at which you nursed!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“raised”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁸ But he said, “On the contrary, blessed are those who hear the word of God and follow it!”¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

The Sign of Jonah

²⁹ And as¹ the crowds were increasing, he began to say, “This generation is an evil generation! It demands a sign, and no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah!

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were increasing”)

³⁰ For just as Jonah became a sign to the Ninevites, so also the Son of Man will be to this generation.

³¹ The queen of the south will rise up at the judgment with the people of this generation and condemn them, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and behold, something¹ greater than Solomon is here!

1. *Here “something” is supplied in the translation because the adjective is neuter gender

³² The people of Nineveh will stand up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, because they repented at the proclamation of Jonah, and behold, something¹ greater than Jonah is here!

1. *Here “something” is supplied in the translation because the adjective is neuter gender

Light and Darkness

³³ “No one after¹ lighting a lamp puts it² in a cellar or under a bushel basket, but on a lampstand, so that those who come in can see the light.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“lighting”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁴ Your eye is the lamp of the body. When your eye is sincere, your whole body is full of light also. But when it is evil, your body is dark also.

³⁵ Therefore pay careful attention that the light in you is not darkness!

³⁶ If therefore your whole body is full of light, not having any part dark, it will be completely full of light, as when the lamp with its light gives light to you.”

Pharisees and Legal Experts Denounced

³⁷ And as he was speaking, a Pharisee asked him ⌞to have a meal⌟¹ with him, and he went in and² reclined at table.

1. Literally “that he would have a meal”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went in”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁸ And the Pharisee, when he¹ saw it,² was astonished that he did not first wash before the meal.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁹ But the Lord said to him, “Now you Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the dish, but your inside is full of greediness and wickedness.

⁴⁰ Fools! Did not the one who made the outside make the inside also?

⁴¹ But give as charitable giving the things that are within, and behold, everything is clean for you.

⁴² “But woe to you, Pharisees, because you pay a tenth of mint and rue and every garden herb, and neglect justice and love for God! But it was necessary to do these things without neglecting those things also.

⁴³ Woe to you, Pharisees, because you love the best seat in the synagogues and the greetings in the marketplaces!

⁴⁴ Woe to you, because you are like unmarked graves, and the people who walk over them¹ do not know it!²

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁴⁵ And one of the legal experts answered and¹ said to him, “Teacher, when you² say these things, you insult us also!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“say”) which is understood as temporal

⁴⁶ So he said, “Woe to you also, legal experts, because you load people with burdens hard to bear, and you yourselves do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers!

⁴⁷ Woe to you, because you build the tombs of the prophets, and your fathers killed them!

⁴⁸ As a result you are witnesses, and you approve of the deeds of your fathers, because they killed them and you build their tombs!¹

1. A large number of later manuscripts add the words “their tombs” here, with variations of wording; although the words are not likely to be original, it is necessary to supply them in keeping with English style

⁴⁹ For this reason also the wisdom of God said, ‘I will send to them prophets and apostles, and some of them they will kill and persecute,’

⁵⁰ so that the blood of all the prophets that has been shed from the foundation of the world may be required of this generation,

⁵¹ from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah, who perished between the altar and the temple building.¹ Yes, I tell you, it will be required of this generation!

1. Literally “the house,” here a reference to the temple

⁵² Woe to you, legal experts, because you have taken away the key to knowledge! You did not enter yourselves, and you hindered those who were entering!”

⁵³ And when¹ he departed from there, the scribes and the Pharisees began to be terribly hostile, and to question him closely about many things,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“departed”)

⁵⁴ plotting to catch him with reference to something ⌞he might say⌟.¹

1. Literally “from his mouth”

Warning Against Hypocrisy

¹ During ⌞this time⌟¹ when² a crowd of many thousands had gathered together, so that they were trampling one another, he began to say to his disciples first, “Beware for yourselves of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.

1. Literally “which time”
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had gathered together”)

² But nothing is concealed that will not be revealed, and secret that will not be made known.

³ Therefore everything that you have said in the dark will be heard in the light, and what ⌞you have whispered⌟¹ in the inner rooms will be proclaimed on the housetops.

1. Literally “you have spoken to the ear”

Fear God Rather Than People

⁴ “And I tell you, my friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body, and after these things do not have anything more to do.

⁵ But I will show you whom you should fear: fear the one who has authority, after the killing, to throw you¹ into hell! Yes, I tell you, fear this one!

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶ Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? And not one of them is forgotten in the sight of God.

⁷ But even the hairs of your head are all numbered! Do not be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.

Acknowledgement of Christ and Persecution of Disciples

⁸ “And I tell you, everyone who acknowledges me before people, the Son of Man also will acknowledge him before the angels of God,

⁹ but the one who denies me before people will be denied before the angels of God.

¹⁰ And everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him, but to the one who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven.

¹¹ But when they bring you before the synagogues and the rulers and the authorities, do not be anxious how or what you should speak in your own defense or what you should say,

¹² for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that same hour what it is necessary to say.”

The Parable of the Rich Landowner Who Was a Fool

¹³ Now someone from the crowd said to him, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide the inheritance with me!”

¹⁴ But he said to him, “Man, who made me a judge or an arbitrator over you?”

¹⁵ And he said to them, “Watch out and guard yourselves from all greediness, because not even when someone has an abundance ⌞does⌟¹ his life consist of his possessions.”

1. Literally “is”

¹⁶ And he told a parable to them, saying, “The land of a certain rich man yielded an abundant harvest.

¹⁷ And he reasoned to himself, saying, ‘What should I do? For I do not have anywhere I can gather in my crops.’

¹⁸ And he said, ‘I will do this: I will tear down my barns and build larger ones, and I will gather in there all my grain and possessions.

¹⁹ And I will say to my soul, “Soul, you have many possessions stored up for many years. Relax, eat, drink, celebrate!” ’

²⁰ But God said to him, ‘Fool! This night your life¹ is demanded from you, and the things which you have prepared—whose will they be?’

1. The same Greek word can be translated “soul” or “life” depending on the context

²¹ So is the one who stores up treasure for himself, and who is not rich toward God!”

Anxiety

²² And he said to his disciples, “For this reason I tell you, do not be anxious for your¹ life, what you will eat, or for your² body, what you will wear.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²³ For life is more than food, and the body more than clothing.

²⁴ Consider the ravens, that they neither sow nor reap; to them there is neither storeroom nor barn, and God feeds them. How much more are you worth than the birds?

²⁵ And which of you by¹ being anxious is able to add an hour² to his life span?

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“being anxious”) which is understood as means
2. Or “a cubit” (the literal meaning); most scholars understand this to refer figuratively to an “hour” of life here, though some take it as a literal measurement of height

²⁶ If then you are not even able to do a very little thing, why are you anxious about the rest?

²⁷ Consider the lilies, how they grow: they do not toil or spin, but I say to you, not even Solomon in all his glory was dressed like one of these.

²⁸ But if God clothes the grass in the field in this way, although it¹ is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, how much more will he do so for² you, you of little faith?

1. *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“is”) which is understood as concessive
2. *The phrase “will he do so for” is not in the Greek text but is implied

²⁹ And you, do not consider what you will eat and what you will drink, and do not be anxious.

³⁰ For all the nations of the world seek after these things, and your Father knows that you need these things.

³¹ But seek his kingdom and these things will be added to you.

³² “Do not be afraid, little flock, because your Father is well pleased to give you the kingdom.

³³ Sell your possessions and give charitable gifts. Make for yourselves money bags that do not wear out, an inexhaustible treasure in heaven¹ where thief does not approach or moth destroy.

1. Or “in the heavens”

³⁴ For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.

On the Alert for the Master’s Return

³⁵ “⌞You must be prepared for action⌟¹ and your² lamps burning.

1. Literally “your loins must be girded”
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

³⁶ And you, be like people who are waiting for their master when he returns from the wedding feast,¹ so that when he² comes back and knocks, they can open the door³ for him immediately.

1. Or perhaps simply “feast”
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“comes back”)
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁷ Blessed are those slaves whom the master will find on the alert when he returns! Truly I say to you that he will dress himself for service and have them recline at the table and will come by and¹ serve them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“will come by”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁸ Even if he should come back in the second or in the third watch of the night and find them¹ like this, blessed are they!

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁹ But understand this, that if the master of the house had known what hour the thief was coming, he would not have left his house to be broken into.

⁴⁰ You also must be ready, because the Son of Man is coming at an hour that you do not think he will come.”¹

1. *The words “he will come” are not in the Greek text but are implied

A Faithful Slave and an Unfaithful Slave

⁴¹ And Peter said, “Lord, are you telling this parable for us, or also for everyone?”

⁴² And the Lord said, “Who then is the faithful wise manager whom the master will put in charge over his servants to give them¹ their² food allowance at the right time?

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁴³ Blessed is that slave whom his master will find so doing when he¹ comes back.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“comes back”) which is understood as temporal

⁴⁴ Truly I say to you that he will put him in charge of all his possessions.

⁴⁵ But if that slave should say ⌞to himself⌟,¹ ‘My master is taking a long time to return,’ and he begins to beat the male slaves and the female slaves and to eat and drink and get drunk,

1. Literally “in his heart”

⁴⁶ the master of that slave will come on a day that he does not expect and at an hour that he does not know, and will cut him in two and assign his place with the unbelievers.

⁴⁷ And that slave who knew the will of his master and did not prepare or do according to his will ⌞will be given a severe beating⌟.¹

1. Literally “will be beaten much”

⁴⁸ But the one who did not know and did things deserving blows ⌞will be given a light beating⌟.¹ And from everyone to whom much has been given, much will be demanded, and from him to whom they entrusted much, they will ask him for even more.

1. Literally “will be beaten a few times”

Not Peace, But a Sword of Divisiveness

⁴⁹ “I have come to bring fire on the earth, and how I wish that it had been kindled already!

⁵⁰ But I have a baptism to be baptized with, and how I am distressed until it is accomplished!

⁵¹ Do you think that I have come to grant peace on the earth? No, I tell you, but rather division!

⁵² For from now on there will be five in one household, divided three against two and two against three.

⁵³ They will be divided, father against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against mother-in-law.”

The Signs of the Times

⁵⁴ And he also said to the crowds, “When you see a cloud coming up in the west, you say at once, ‘A rainstorm is coming,’ and so it happens.

⁵⁵ And when you see the south wind blowing, you say, ‘There will be burning heat,’ and it happens.

⁵⁶ Hypocrites! You know how to evaluate the appearance of the earth and the sky, but how is it you do not know how to evaluate this present time?

Settle Accounts Quickly

⁵⁷ And why do you not also judge for yourselves what is right?

⁵⁸ For as you are going with your accuser before the magistrate, make an effort to come to a settlement with him on the way, so that he will not drag you to the judge, and the judge will hand you over to the bailiff, and the bailiff will throw you into prison.

⁵⁹ I tell you, you will never get out of there until you have paid back even the last cent!”¹

1. Literally “lepton,” a small copper coin worth 1/128 of a denarius

Repent or Perish

¹ Now at the same time some had come to tell him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices.

² And he answered and¹ said to them, “Do you think that these Galileans were sinners worse than all the Galileans, because they suffered these things?

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ No, I tell you, but unless you repent you will all perish as well!

⁴ Or those eighteen on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them—do you think that they were sinners worse than all the people who live in Jerusalem?

⁵ No, I tell you, but unless you repent, you will all perish as well!”

The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree

⁶ And he told this parable: “A certain man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard, and he came looking for fruit on it and did not find any.¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁷ So he said to the gardener, ‘Behold, ⌞for three years⌟¹ I have come looking for fruit on this fig tree and did not find any.² Cut it down!³ Why should it even exhaust the soil?’

1. Literally “three years from which”
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Some manuscripts have “Therefore cut it down!”

⁸ But he answered and¹ said to him, ‘Sir, leave it alone this year also, until I dig around it and put manure on it.²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁹ And if indeed it produces fruit in the coming year, so much the better,¹ but if not, you can cut it down.’ ”

1. *The phrase “so much the better” is not in the Greek text but is implied

A Woman with a Disabling Spirit Healed

¹⁰ Now he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath.

¹¹ And behold, a woman was there¹ who had a spirit ⌞that had disabled her⌟² for eighteen years, and she was bent over and not able to straighten herself up completely.³

1. *The phrase “was there” is not in the Greek text but is supplied in keeping with English style
2. Literally “of weakness”
3. Or “at all”

¹² And when he¹ saw her, Jesus summoned her² and said to her, “Woman, you are freed from your disability!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹³ And he placed his¹ hands on her, and immediately she straightened up and glorified God.

1. Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁴ But the ruler of the synagogue, indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, answered and¹ said to the crowd, “There are six days on which it is necessary to work. Therefore come and² be healed on them, and not on the day of the Sabbath!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁵ But the Lord answered and said to him, “Hypocrites! Does not each one of you untie his ox or his¹ donkey from the feeding trough on the Sabbath and lead it² away to water it?³

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁶ And this woman, who is a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan bound ⌞eighteen⌟¹ long years—is it not necessary that she be released from this bond on the day of the Sabbath?”

1. Literally “ten and eight”

¹⁷ And when¹ he said these things, all those who opposed him were humiliated, and the whole crowd was rejoicing at all the splendid things that were being done by him.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“said”)

The Parable of the Mustard Seed

¹⁸ Therefore he said, “What is the kingdom of God like, and to what shall I compare it?

¹⁹ It is like a mustard seed that a man took and¹ sowed in his own garden, and it grew and became a tree, and the birds of the sky nested in its branches.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb

The Parable of the Yeast

²⁰ And again he said, “To what shall I compare the kingdom of God?

²¹ It is like yeast that a woman took and¹ hid in² three measures of wheat flour until the whole batch was leavened.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Some manuscripts have “put into”

The Narrow Door

²² And he was going throughout towns and villages, teaching and making his journey toward Jerusalem.

²³ And someone said to him, “Lord, ⌞are there only⌟¹ a few who are saved?” And he said to them,

1. Literally “if”

²⁴ “Make every effort to enter through the narrow door, because many, I tell you, will seek to enter and will not be able to,

²⁵ when once the master of the house has gotten up and shut the door, and you begin to stand outside and knock on the door, saying, ‘Lord, open the door¹ for us!’ And he will answer and² say to you, ‘I do not know where you are from!’

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answer”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁶ Then you will begin to say, ‘We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets!’

²⁷ And he will reply, saying to you, ‘I do not know where you are from! Go away from me, all you ⌞evildoers⌟!’¹

1. Literally “workers of unrighteousness”

²⁸ In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when you see Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God, but yourselves thrown outside!

²⁹ And they will come from east and west, and from north and south, and will recline at the table in the kingdom of God.

³⁰ And behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.”

The Lament over Jerusalem

³¹ At that same hour some Pharisees came up and¹ said to him, “Go out and depart from here, because Herod wants to kill you!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb

³² And he said to them, “Go and¹ tell that fox, ‘Behold, I am expelling demons and performing healings today and tomorrow, and on the third day I will complete my work.’²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³³ Nevertheless, it is necessary for me to be on the way today and tomorrow and on the next day, because it is not possible for a prophet to perish outside Jerusalem.

³⁴ “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the one who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How many times I wanted to gather your children together ⌞the way⌟¹ a hen gathers² her own brood under her³ wings, and you were not willing!

1. Literally “in the manner in which”
2. *Here the term “gathers” is not in the Greek text but is implied
3. Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

³⁵ Behold, your house has been left to you! And I tell you, you will never see me until the time¹ will come when you say, ‘Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!’ ”²

1. *The words “the time” are not in the Greek text but are implied
2. A quotation from Ps 118:26

A Man Suffering from Edema Healed

¹ And it happened that when he came to the house of a certain one of the leaders of the Pharisees on a Sabbath to eat ⌞a meal⌟,¹ they were watching him closely.

1. Literally “bread”

² And behold, a certain man was in front of him, suffering from edema.

³ And Jesus answered and¹ said to the legal experts and Pharisees, saying, “Is it permitted to heal on the Sabbath, or not?”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴ But they remained silent. And he took hold of him¹ and² healed him, and sent him³ away.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took hold of”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵ And he said to them, “Who among you, if your¹ son or your ox falls into a well² on the day of the Sabbath, will not immediately pull him out?”

1. *The words “if your” are not in the Greek text but are implied
2. Or “cistern”

⁶ And they were not able to make a reply to these things.

The Parable of the Guests at the Wedding Feast

⁷ Now he told a parable to those who had been invited when he¹ noticed how they were choosing for themselves the places of honor, saying to them,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“noticed”) which is understood as temporal

⁸ “When you are invited by someone to a wedding feast,¹ do not recline at the table in the place of honor, lest someone more distinguished than you has been invited by him,

1. Or perhaps simply “a feast”

⁹ and the one who invited you ⌞both⌟¹ will come and² say to you, ‘Give the place to this person,’ and then with shame you will begin to take the last place.

1. Literally “and him”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“will come”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁰ But when you are invited, go and¹ recline at the table in the last place, so that when the one who invited you comes, he will say to you, ‘Friend, move up higher.’ Then it will be an honor to you in the presence of all those who are reclining at the table with you.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹¹ For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and the one who humbles himself will be exalted.”

The Parable of the Great Banquet

¹² And he also said to the one who had invited him, “When you give a dinner or a banquet, do not invite your friends or your brothers or your relatives or wealthy neighbors, lest they also invite you in return, and repayment come to you.

¹³ But whenever you give a banquet, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, the blind,

¹⁴ and you will be blessed, because they are not able to repay you. For it will be paid back to you at the resurrection of the righteous.”

¹⁵ Now when¹ one of those reclining at the table with him heard these things, he said to him, “Blessed is ⌞everyone who⌟² will eat bread in the kingdom of God!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “whoever”

¹⁶ But he said to him, “A certain man was giving a large banquet and invited many.

¹⁷ And he sent his slave at the hour of the banquet to say to those who have been invited, ‘Come, because now it is ready!’

¹⁸ And they all ⌞alike⌟¹ began to excuse themselves. The first said to him, ‘I have purchased a field, and ⌞I must⌟² go out to look at it. I ask you, consider me excused.’

1. Literally “by one”
2. Literally “I have necessity”

¹⁹ And another said, ‘I have purchased five yoke of oxen, and I am going to examine them. I ask you, consider me excused.’

²⁰ And another said, ‘I have married a wife, and for this reason I am not able to come.’

²¹ And the slave came and¹ reported these things to his master. Then the master of the house became angry and² said to his slave, ‘Go out quickly into the streets and alleys of the city and bring in here the poor and crippled and blind and lame!’

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“became angry”) has been translated as a finite verb

²² And the slave said, ‘Sir, what you ordered has been done, and there is still room.’

²³ And the master said to the slave, ‘Go out into the highways and hedges and press them¹ to come in, so that my house will be filled!

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁴ For I say to you that none of those persons who were invited will taste my banquet!’ ”

The Cost of Discipleship

²⁵ Now large crowds were going along with him, and he turned around and¹ said to them,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“turned around”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁶ “If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father and mother and wife and children and brothers and sisters, and furthermore, even his own life, ⌞he cannot be⌟¹ my disciple.

1. Literally “he is not able to be”

²⁷ Whoever does not carry his own cross and ⌞follow⌟¹ me ⌞cannot be⌟² my disciple.

1. Literally “come after”
2. Literally “is not able to be”

²⁸ For which of you, wanting to build a tower, does not first sit down and¹ calculate the cost to see if he has enough² ⌞to complete it⌟?³

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sit down”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “for completion”

²⁹ ⌞Otherwise⌟¹ after² he has laid the foundation and is not able to finish it,³ all who see it⁴ will begin to ridicule him,

1. Literally “so that lest”
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“has laid”)
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁰ saying, ‘This man began to build and was not able to finish!’

³¹ Or what king, going out to engage another king in battle, does not sit down first and¹ deliberate whether he is able with ten thousand to oppose the one coming against him with twenty thousand.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sit down”) has been translated as a finite verb

³² But if not, while¹ the other is still far away, he sends an ambassador and² asks ⌞for terms of⌟³ peace.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“is”)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“asks”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Literally “the things with reference to”

³³ In the same way, therefore, every one of you who does not renounce all his own possessions ⌞cannot be⌟¹ my disciple.

1. Literally “is not able to be”

³⁴ “Now salt is good, but if salt becomes tasteless, with what will it be made salty?

³⁵ It is usable neither for the soil nor for the manure pile; they throw it out. The one who has ears to hear, let him hear!”

The Parable of the Lost Sheep

¹ Now all the tax collectors and the sinners were drawing near to hear him.

² And both the Pharisees and the scribes were complaining, saying, “This man welcomes sinners and eats with them!”

³ So he told them this parable, saying,

⁴ “What man of you, having a hundred sheep and losing one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the grassland and go after the one that was lost until he finds it?

⁵ And when he¹ has found it,² he places it³ on his shoulders, rejoicing.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“has found”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶ And when he¹ returns to his² home, he calls together his³ friends and neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, because I have found my sheep that was lost!’

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“returns”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁷ I tell you that in the same way, there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous people who have no need of repentance.

The Parable of the Lost Coin

⁸ Or what woman who has ten drachmas, if she loses one drachma, does not light a lamp and sweep the house and search carefully until she finds it?¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁹ And when she¹ has found it,² she calls together her³ friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, because I have found the drachma that I had lost!’

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“has found”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹⁰ In the same way, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner who repents.”

The Parable of the Lost Son

¹¹ And he said, “A certain man had two sons.

¹² And the younger of them said to his¹ father, ‘Father, give me the share of the property that is coming to me.’ So he divided his² assets between them.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

¹³ And after not many days, the younger son gathered everything and¹ went on a journey to a distant country, and there he squandered his wealth by² living wastefully.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“gathered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the adverbial participle of manner (“living”)

¹⁴ And after¹ he had spent everything, there was a severe famine throughout that country, and he began to be in need.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had spent”)

¹⁵ And he went and¹ hired himself out to one of the citizens of that country, and he sent him into his fields to tend pigs.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁶ And he was longing to fill his stomach with¹ the carob pods that the pigs were eating, and no one was giving anything² to him.

1. Some manuscripts have “to stuff himself with”
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁷ “But when he¹ came to himself, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired workers have an abundance ⌞of food⌟,² and I am dying here from hunger!

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “of bread”

¹⁸ I will set out and¹ go to my father and will say to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and ⌞in your sight⌟!²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“set out”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “in the sight of you”

¹⁹ I am no longer worthy to be called your son! Make me like one of your hired workers.’

²⁰ And he set out and¹ came to his own father. But while² he was still a long way away, his father saw him and had compassion, and ran ⌞and embraced him⌟³ and kissed him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“set out”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“away”)
3. Literally “fell on his neck”

²¹ And his¹ son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and ⌞in your sight⌟!² I am no longer worthy to be called your son!’

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. Literally “in the sight of you”

²² But his¹ father said to his slaves, ‘Quickly bring out the best robe and put it² on him, and put a ring on his finger³ and sandals on his⁴ feet!

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “hand,” but this is a metonymy of whole (“hand”) for part (“finger”)
4. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

²³ And bring the fattened calf—kill it¹ and let us eat and² celebrate,

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“eat”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁴ because this son of mine was dead, and is alive again! He was lost and is found!’ And they began to celebrate.

²⁵ “Now his older son was in the field, and when he came and¹ approached the house, he heard music and dancing.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁶ And he summoned one of the slaves and¹ asked what these things meant.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“summoned”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁷ And he said to him, ‘Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf because he has gotten him back healthy.’

²⁸ But he became angry and did not want to go in. So his father came out and¹ began to implore² him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came out”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to implore”)

²⁹ But he answered and¹ said to his father, ‘Behold, so many years I have served you, and have never disobeyed your command! And you never gave me a young goat so that I could celebrate with my friends!

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁰ But when this son of yours returned—who has consumed your assets with prostitutes—you killed the fattened calf for him!’

³¹ But he said to him, ‘Child, you are always with me, and ⌞everything I have belongs to you⌟.¹

1. Literally “all my things are yours”

³² But it was necessary to celebrate and to rejoice, because this brother of yours was dead, and is alive, and was lost, and is found!’ ”

The Parable of the Dishonest Manager

¹ And he also said to the disciples, “A certain man was rich, who had a manager. And charges were brought to him that this person was squandering his possessions.

² And he summoned him and¹ said to him, ‘What is this I hear about you? Give the account of your management, because you can no longer manage.’

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“summoned”) has been translated as a finite verb

³ And the manager said to himself, ‘What should I do, because my master is taking away the management from me? I am not strong enough to dig; I am ashamed to beg.

⁴ I know what I should do, so that when I am removed from the management they will welcome me into their homes!’

⁵ And he summoned each one of his own master’s debtors and¹ said to the first, ‘How much do you owe my master?’

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“summoned”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶ And he said, ‘A hundred measures of olive oil.’ So he said to him, ‘Take your promissory note and sit down quickly and¹ write fifty.’

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sit down”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁷ Then he said to another, ‘And how much do you owe?’ And he said, ‘A hundred measures of wheat.’ He said to him, ‘Take your promissory note and write eighty.’

⁸ And the master praised the dishonest manager, because he had acted shrewdly. For the sons of this age are shrewder than the sons of light with regard to their own generation.¹

1. Or “kind”

⁹ And I tell you, make friends for yourselves by means of unrighteous wealth, so that when it runs out they will welcome you into the eternal dwellings.

¹⁰ “The one who is faithful in very little is also faithful in much, and the one who is dishonest in very little is also dishonest in much.

¹¹ If then you have not been faithful with unrighteous wealth, who will entrust to you the true riches?¹

1. *The word “riches” is not in the Greek text but is implied

¹² And if you have not been faithful with what belongs to another, who will give you your own?

¹³ No domestic slave is able to serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to one and will despise the other. You are not able to serve God and money.”

Hypocrisy, Law, and the Kingdom of God

¹⁴ Now the Pharisees, who were lovers of money, heard all these things, and they ridiculed him.

¹⁵ And he said to them, “You are the ones who justify themselves in the sight of men, but God knows your hearts! For what is considered exalted among men is an abomination in the sight of God.

¹⁶ “The law and the prophets were until John; from that time on the kingdom of God has been proclaimed, and everyone is urgently pressed¹ into it.

1. The verb is translated here as a passive; some English versions translate the verb as active (“forces their way into it”)

¹⁷ But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for one stroke of a letter of the law to become invalid.

On Divorce

¹⁸ “Everyone who divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery, and the one who marries a woman divorced from her husband commits adultery.

The Rich Man and Lazarus

¹⁹ “Now a certain man was rich, and dressed in purple cloth and fine linen, feasting sumptuously every day.

²⁰ And a certain poor man ⌞named⌟¹ Lazarus, covered with sores, lay at his gate,

1. Literally “by name”

²¹ and was longing to be filled with what fell from the table of the rich man. But even the dogs came and¹ licked his sores.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb

²² Now it happened that the poor man died, and he was carried away by the angels to ⌞Abraham’s side⌟.¹ And the rich man also died and was buried.

1. Literally “the bosom of Abraham”

²³ And in Hades he lifted up his eyes as he¹ was in torment and² saw Abraham from a distance, and Lazarus ⌞at his side⌟.³

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“lifted up”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Literally “in his bosom”

²⁴ And he called out and¹ said, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus so that he could dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue, because I am suffering pain in this flame!’

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“called out”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁵ But Abraham said, ‘Child, remember that you received your good things during your life, and Lazarus likewise bad things. But now he is comforted here, but you are suffering pain.

²⁶ And in addition to all these things, a great chasm has been established between us and you, so that those who want to cross over from here to you are not able to do so,¹ nor can they cross over from there to us.’

1. *The words “to do so” are not in the Greek text but are implied

²⁷ So he said, ‘Then I ask you, father, that you send him to my father’s house,

²⁸ for I have five brothers, so that he could warn them, in order that they also should not come to this place of torment!’

²⁹ But Abraham said, ‘They have Moses and the prophets; they must listen to them.’

³⁰ And he said, ‘No, father Abraham, but if someone from the dead goes to them, they will repent!’

³¹ But he said to him, ‘If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be convinced if someone rises from the dead.’ ”

Sin, Forgiveness, Faith, and Service

¹ And he said to his disciples, “It is impossible for causes for stumbling not to come, but woe to him through whom they come!

² It would be better for him if ⌞a millstone⌟¹ is placed around his neck and he is thrown into the sea than that he causes one of these little ones to sin.

1. Literally “a stone belonging to a mill”

³ “Be concerned about yourselves! If your brother sins, rebuke him, and if he repents, forgive him.

⁴ And if he sins against you seven times in a day, and seven times he returns to you saying, ‘I repent,’ you must forgive him.”

⁵ And the apostles said to the Lord, “Increase our faith!”

⁶ So the Lord said, “If you have faith like a mustard seed, you could say to this mulberry tree, ‘Be uprooted and planted in the sea,’ and it would obey you.

⁷ “And which of you who has a slave plowing or shepherding sheep¹ who comes in from the field will say to him, ‘Come here at once and² recline at the table’?

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come here”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁸ Will he not rather say to him, ‘Prepare something that I may eat, and dress yourself to serve me while I eat and drink, and after these things you will eat and drink.’

⁹ He will not ⌞be grateful⌟¹ to the slave because he did what was ordered, will he?²

1. Literally “have gratitude”
2. *The negative construction in Greek anticipates a negative answer here, indicated by “will he”

¹⁰ Thus you also, when you have done all the ⌞things you were ordered to do⌟,¹ say, ‘We are unworthy slaves; we have done what we were obligated to do.’ ”

1. Literally “things that were ordered to you”

Ten Lepers Cleansed

¹¹ And it happened that while traveling toward Jerusalem, he was passing through ⌞the region between⌟¹ Samaria and Galilee.

1. Literally “through the midst”

¹² And as¹ he was entering into a certain village, ten men met him²³—lepers, who stood at a distance.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was entering”)
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Some manuscripts explicitly state “him”

¹³ And they raised their voices, saying, “Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!”

¹⁴ And when he¹ saw them² he said to them, “Go and³ show yourselves to the priests.” And it happened that as they were going, they were cleansed.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁵ But one of them, when he¹ saw that he was healed, turned back, praising God with a loud voice.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁶ And he fell on his face at his feet, giving thanks to him. And he was a Samaritan.

¹⁷ So Jesus answered and¹ said, “Were not ten cleansed? And where are the nine?

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁸ Was no one found to turn back and¹ give praise to God except this foreigner?”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“turn back”) has been translated as an infinitive

¹⁹ And he said to him, “Get up and¹ go your way. Your faith has saved you.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“get up”) has been translated as a finite verb

The Coming of the Kingdom of God

²⁰ Now when he¹ was asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, he answered them and said, “The kingdom of God does not come with ⌞things that can be observed⌟,²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was asked”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “observation”

²¹ nor will they say, ‘Behold, here it is!’ or ‘There!’ For behold, the kingdom of God is in your midst.”

The Coming of the Son of Man

²² And he said to the disciples, “Days will come when you will desire to see one of the days of the Son of Man, and you will not see it.¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²³ And they will say to you, ‘Behold, there!’ ‘Behold, here!’¹ Do not go out or run after them!²

1. Some manuscripts have “ ‘Behold, there!’ or ‘Behold, here!’ ”
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁴ For just as the lightning shines forth, flashing from one place under heaven to another place under heaven, so the Son of Man will be in his day.

²⁵ But first it is necessary for him to suffer many things, and to be rejected by this generation.

²⁶ And just as it was in the days of Noah, so also it will be in the days of the Son of Man—

²⁷ they were eating, they were drinking, they were marrying, they were being given in marriage, until the day Noah entered into the ark, and the flood came and destroyed them all.

²⁸ Likewise, just as it was in the days of Lot—they were eating, they were drinking, they were buying, they were selling, they were planting, they were building.

²⁹ But on the day that Lot went out from Sodom, it rained fire and sulphur from heaven and destroyed them all.

³⁰ It will be ⌞just the same⌟¹ on the day that the Son of Man is revealed.

1. Literally “according to the same”

³¹ On that day, whoever is on the housetop and his goods are in the house must not come down to take them away. And likewise the one who is in the field must not turn back

³² Remember Lot’s wife!

³³ Whoever seeks to preserve his life will lose it, but whoever loses it¹ will keep it.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁴ I tell you that in that night there will be two in one bed; one will be taken and the other will be left.

³⁵ There will be two women¹ grinding at the same place; one will be taken and the other will be left.”²

1. *Here “women” is supplied because the form (“two”) is feminine gender in Greek
2. A few manuscripts add v. 36 (with some variations): “There will be two in the field; one will be taken and the other will be left.”

³⁷ And they answered and¹ said to him, “Where, Lord?” So he said to them, “Where the dead body is, there also the vultures will be gathered.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

The Parable of the Unjust Judge

¹ And he told them a parable to show that they must always pray and not be discouraged,

² saying, “There was a certain judge in a certain town who did not fear God and did not respect people.

³ And there was a widow in that town, and she kept coming to him, saying, ‘Grant me justice against my adversary!’

⁴ And he was not willing for a time, but after these things he said to himself, ‘Even if I do not fear God or respect people,

⁵ yet because this widow is causing trouble for me, I will grant her justice, so that she does not wear me down in the end by her¹ coming back!’ ”

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“coming back”) which is understood as means

⁶ And the Lord said, “Listen to what the unrighteous judge is saying!

⁷ And will not God surely ⌞see to it that justice is done⌟¹ to his chosen ones who cry out to him day and night, and will he delay toward them?

1. Literally “carry out the giving of justice”

⁸ I tell you that ⌞he will see to it that justice is done⌟¹ for them soon! Nevertheless, when² the Son of Man comes, then will he find faith on earth?”

1. Literally “he will carry out the giving of justice”
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“comes”) which is understood as temporal

The Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector

⁹ And he also told this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and looked down on ⌞everyone else⌟:¹

1. Literally “the rest”

¹⁰ “Two men went up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector.

¹¹ The Pharisee stood and¹ prayed these things with reference to himself: ‘God, I give thanks to you that I am not like other people—swindlers, unrighteous people, adulterers, or even like this tax collector!

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stood”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹² I fast twice a week; I give a tenth of all that I get.’

¹³ But the tax collector, standing far away, did not want even to raise his eyes to heaven, but was beating his breast, saying, ‘God, be merciful to me, a sinner!’

¹⁴ I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than that one! For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted.”

Little Children Brought to Jesus

¹⁵ Now they were bringing even their¹ babies to him so that he could touch them. But when² the disciples saw it,³ they rebuked them.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁶ But Jesus called them to himself, saying, “Allow the children to come to me, and do not forbid them, ⌞for to such belongs⌟¹ the kingdom of God.

1. Literally “for of such is”

¹⁷ Truly I say to you, whoever does not welcome the kingdom of God like a young child will never enter into it.”

A Rich Young Man

¹⁸ And a certain ruler asked him, saying, “Good Teacher, by¹ doing what will I inherit eternal life?”

1. *Here “by” is supplied as a component of the participle (“doing”) which is understood as means

¹⁹ And Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone.

²⁰ You know the commandments: ‘Do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not give false testimony, honor your father and mother.’ ”¹

1. A quotation from Exod 20:12–16; Deut 5:16–20

²¹ And he said, “All these I have observed from my¹ youth.”

1. Some manuscripts omit “my”

²² And when he¹ heard this,² Jesus said to him, “⌞You still lack one thing⌟:³ Sell all that you have, and distribute the proceeds⁴ to the poor—and you will have treasure in heaven—and come, follow me.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Literally “one still lacking to you”
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²³ But when he¹ heard these things he became very sad, because he was extremely wealthy.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal

²⁴ And Jesus took notice of him¹ and² said, “How ⌞difficult it is for⌟³ those who possess wealth to enter into the kingdom of God!

1. Some manuscripts add “becoming very sad”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took notice of”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. Literally “with difficulty”

²⁵ For it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter into the kingdom of God.

²⁶ So those who heard this¹ said, “And who can be saved?”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁷ But he said, “What is impossible with men is possible with God.”

²⁸ And Peter said, “Behold, we have left ⌞all that is ours⌟¹ and² followed you.”

1. Literally “our own”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“have left”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁹ And he said to them, “Truly I say to you that there is no one who has left house or wife or brothers or parents or children on account of the kingdom of God,

³⁰ who will not receive many times more in this time and in the age to come, eternal life.”

Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection a Third Time

³¹ And taking aside the twelve, he said to them, “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and all the things that are written by the prophets with reference to the Son of Man will be accomplished.

³² For he will be handed over to the Gentiles and will be mocked and mistreated and spit on,

³³ and after¹ flogging him² they will kill him, and on the third day he will rise.”

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“flogging”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁴ And they understood none of these things, and this saying was concealed from them, and they did not comprehend the things that were said.

A Blind Man Healed at Jericho

³⁵ Now it happened that as he drew near to Jericho, a certain blind man was sitting on the side of the road begging.

³⁶ And when he¹ heard a crowd going by, he inquired what this meant.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal

³⁷ And they told him, “Jesus the Nazarene is passing by.”

³⁸ And he called out, saying, “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!”

³⁹ And those who were in front rebuked him, that he should be silent, but he cried out ⌞even more loudly⌟,¹ “Son of David, have mercy on me!”

1. Literally “by much more”

⁴⁰ So Jesus stopped and¹ ordered him to be brought to him. And when² he approached, he asked him,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stopped”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“approached”)

⁴¹ “What do you want me to do for you?” And he said, “Lord, that I may regain my sight.

⁴² And Jesus said to him, “Regain your sight! Your faith has saved you.”

⁴³ And immediately he regained his sight and began to follow¹ him, glorifying God. And all the people, when they² saw it,³ gave praise to God.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to follow”)
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Jesus and Zacchaeus

¹ And he entered and¹ traveled through Jericho.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“entered”) has been translated as a finite verb

² And ⌞there was⌟¹ a man ⌞named⌟² Zacchaeus, and he was a chief tax collector, and he was rich.

1. Literally “behold”
2. Literally “called by name”

³ And he was seeking to see Jesus—who he was—and he was not able to as a result of the crowd, because he was short in stature.

⁴ And he ran on ahead and¹ climbed up into a sycamore tree so that he could see him, because he was going to go through that way.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“ran on”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵ And when he came to the place, Jesus looked up and¹ said to him, “Zacchaeus, come down quickly, because it is necessary for me to stay at your house today!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“looked up”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶ And he came down quickly and welcomed him joyfully.

⁷ And when they¹ saw it,² they all began to complain,³ saying, “He has gone in to find lodging with a man who is a sinner!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to complain”)

⁸ And Zacchaeus stopped and¹ said to the Lord, “Behold, half of my possessions, Lord, I am giving to the poor, and if I have extorted anything from anyone, I am paying it² back four times as much!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“stopped”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁹ And Jesus said to him, “Today salvation has come to this house, because he too is a son of Abraham.

¹⁰ For the Son of Man came to seek and to save those who are lost.”

The Parable of the Ten Minas

¹¹ Now while¹ they were listening to these things, he went on and² told a parable, because he was near Jerusalem and they thought that the kingdom of God was going to appear immediately.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were listening to”)
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went on”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹² Therefore he said, “A certain nobleman traveled to a distant country to receive for himself a kingdom and to return.

¹³ And summoning ten of his own slaves, he gave them ten minas¹ and said to them, ‘Do business ⌞until I come back⌟.’²

1. A Greek monetary unit equal to 100 drachmas
2. Literally “in which time I am coming back”

¹⁴ But his citizens hated him, and sent a delegation after him, saying, ‘We do not want this man to be king over us!’

¹⁵ And it happened that when he returned after¹ receiving the kingdom, he ordered these slaves to whom he had given the money to be summoned to him, so that he could know what they had gained by trading.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“receiving”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁶ So the first arrived, saying, ‘Sir, your mina has made ten minas more!’

¹⁷ And he said to him, ‘Well done, good slave! Because you have been faithful in a very small thing, ⌞have authority⌟¹ over ten cities.’

1. Literally “be having authority”

¹⁸ And the second came, saying, ‘Sir, your mina has made five minas.’

¹⁹ So he said to this one also, ‘And you be over five cities.’

²⁰ And another came, saying, ‘Sir, behold your mina, which I had put away for safekeeping in a piece of cloth.

²¹ For I was afraid of you, because you are a severe man—you withdraw what you did not deposit, and you reap what you did not sow!’

²² He said to him, ‘⌞By your own words⌟¹ I will judge you, wicked slave! You knew that I am a severe man, withdrawing what I did not deposit and reaping what I did not sow.

1. Literally “from your own mouth”

²³ And why did you not give my money to the bank, and I, when I¹ returned, would have collected it with interest?’

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“returned”) which is understood as temporal

²⁴ And to the bystanders he said, ‘Take away from him the mina and give it¹ to the one who has the ten minas!’

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁵ And they said to him, ‘Sir, he has ten minas.’

²⁶ ‘I tell you that to everyone who has, more will be given. But from the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken away.

²⁷ But these enemies of mine who did not want me to be king over them—bring them¹ here and slaughter them in my presence!’ ”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

The Triumphal Entry

²⁸ And after he¹ had said these things, he traveled on ahead, going up to Jerusalem.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had said”) which is understood as temporal

²⁹ And it happened that when he drew near to Bethphage and Bethany, to the hill¹ called the Mount of Olives, he sent two of the disciples,

1. Or “mountain”

³⁰ saying, ‘Go into the village in front of you, in which as you¹ enter you will find a colt tied, on which ⌞no person has ever⌟² sat, and untie it and³ bring it.⁴

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“enter”) which is understood as temporal
2. Literally “no one of men ever”
3. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“untie”) has been translated as a finite verb
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³¹ And if anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying it?’¹ you will say this: ‘The Lord has need of it.’ ”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³² So those who were sent went and¹ found it² just as he had told them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³³ And as¹ they were untying the colt, its owners said to them, ‘Why are you untying the colt?’

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were untying”)

³⁴ So they said, ‘The Lord has need of it.’

³⁵ And they brought it to Jesus, and throwing their cloaks on the colt, they put Jesus on it.

³⁶ And as¹ he was going along, they were spreading out their cloaks on the road.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was going along”)

³⁷ Now as¹ he was drawing near by this time to the descent from the Mount of Olives, the whole crowd of the disciples began rejoicing to praise God with a loud voice for all the miracles that they had seen,

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was drawing near”)

³⁸ saying, “Blessed is the king, the one who comes in the name of the Lord!¹ Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!”

1. A quotation from Ps 118:26, with “the king” added as a clarification

³⁹ And some of the Pharisees from the crowd said to him, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples!”

⁴⁰ And he answered and¹ said, “I tell you that² if these keep silent, the stones will cry out!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Some manuscripts omit “that”

Jesus Weeps over Jerusalem

⁴¹ And when he approached and¹ saw the city, he wept over it,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“approached”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴² saying, “If you had known on this day—even you—the things that make for peace! But now they are hidden from your eyes.

⁴³ For days will come upon you and your enemies will put up an embankment¹ against you, and will surround you and press you hard from all directions.

1. Or “a palisade” (the term can refer to either a wooden or an earthen barricade)

⁴⁴ And they will raze you to the ground, you and your children within you, and will not leave a stone upon a stone within you, ⌞because⌟¹ you did not recognize the time of your visitation.”

1. Literally “in return for which”

The Cleansing of the Temple

⁴⁵ And he entered into the temple courts¹ and² began to drive out those who were selling,

1. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“entered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴⁶ saying to them, “It is written, ‘And my house will be a house of prayer,’¹ but you have made it a cave of robbers!”

1. A quotation from Isa 56:7

⁴⁷ And he was teaching every day in the temple courts,¹ and the chief priests and the scribes and the most prominent men of the people were seeking to destroy him.

1. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

⁴⁸ And they did not find anything they could do, because all the people were paying close attention to what they were hearing from him.

Jesus’ Authority Challenged

¹ And it happened that on one of the days while¹ he was teaching the people in the temple courts² and proclaiming the gospel, the chief priests and the scribes approached together with the elders

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was teaching”)
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

² and said, saying to him, “Tell us, by what authority you are doing these things, or who is the one who gave you this authority?

³ And he answered and¹ said to them, “I also will ask you a question, and you tell me:

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴ The baptism of John—was it from heaven or from men?

⁵ And they discussed this¹ with one another, saying, “If we say ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why did you not believe him?’

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶ But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us to death, because they are convinced that John was a prophet.”

⁷ And they replied that they did not know where it was from.

⁸ And Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”

The Parable of the Tenant Farmers in the Vineyard

⁹ And he began to tell the people this parable: “A man¹ planted a vineyard, and leased it to tenant farmers, and went on a journey for a long time.

1. Some manuscripts have “A certain man”

¹⁰ And at the proper time he sent a slave to the tenant farmers, so that they would give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenant farmers sent him away empty-handed after¹ beating him.²

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“beating”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹¹ And he proceeded to send another slave, but they beat and dishonored that one also, and¹ sent him² away empty-handed.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the two previous participles (“beat” and “dishonored”) have been translated as finite verbs
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹² And he proceeded to send a third, but they wounded and¹ threw out this one also.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“wounded”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹³ So the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What should I do? I will send my beloved son; perhaps they will respect him.’

¹⁴ But when¹ the tenant farmers saw him, they began to reason² with one another, saying, ‘This is the heir. Let us kill him so that the inheritance will become ours!’

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to reason”)

¹⁵ And they threw him out of the vineyard and¹ killed him.² What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them?

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“threw”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁶ He will come and destroy those tenant farmers and give the vineyard to others.” And when they¹ heard this,² they said, “May this never happen!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁷ But he looked intently at them and¹ said, “What then is this that is written: ‘The stone which the builders rejected, this has become ⌞the cornerstone⌟.’²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“looked intently at”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “the head of the corner”

¹⁸ Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, and the one on whom it falls—it will crush him!”

¹⁹ And the scribes and the chief priests sought to lay their¹ hands on him at that same hour, and they were afraid of the people, for they knew that he had told this parable with reference to them.

1. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

Paying Taxes to Caesar

²⁰ And they watched him¹ closely and² sent spies who pretended they were upright, in order that they could catch him in a statement, so that they could hand him over to the authority and the jurisdiction of the governor.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“watched closely”) has been translated as a finite verb

²¹ And they asked him, saying, “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach rightly, and do not ⌞show partiality⌟,¹ but teach the way of God in truth.

1. Literally “receive face”

²² Is it permitted for us to pay taxes¹ to Caesar or not?”

1. Or “the tribute tax”

²³ But seeing through their craftiness, he said to them,

²⁴ “Show me a denarius! Whose image and inscription does it have?” And they answered and¹ said,² “Caesar’s.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Some manuscripts have “And they said”

²⁵ So he said to them, “Well then, give to Caesar the things of Caesar, and to God the things of God!”

²⁶ And they were not able to catch him¹² in a statement in the sight of the people, and astonished at his answer, they became silent.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Some manuscripts explicitly state “him”

A Question About Marriage and the Resurrection

²⁷ Now some of the Sadducees—who deny ⌞that there is a resurrection⌟¹—came up and² asked him,

1. Literally “resurrection not to exist”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came up”) has been translated as a finite verb

²⁸ saying, “Teacher, Moses wrote for us if someone’s brother dies having a wife, and this man is childless, that his brother should take the wife and ⌞father⌟¹ descendants for his brother.

1. Literally “raise up”

²⁹ Now there were seven brothers, and the first took a wife and¹ died childless,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁰ and the second,

³¹ and the third took her, and likewise also the seven did not leave children and died.

³² Finally the woman also died.

³³ Therefore in the resurrection, the woman—whose wife will she be? For the seven had her as wife.”

³⁴ And Jesus said to them, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage,

³⁵ but those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and to the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage,

³⁶ for they are not even able to die any longer, because they are like the angels and are sons of God, because they¹ are sons of the resurrection.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“are”) which is understood as causal

³⁷ But that the dead are raised, even Moses revealed in the passage about¹ the bush, when he calls the Lord the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob.

1. *The words “the passage about” are not in the Greek text but are implied; here a common form of rabbinic citation is being used to refer to an Old Testament passage

³⁸ Now he is not God of the dead, but of the living, for all live to him!”

³⁹ And some of the scribes answered and¹ said, “Teacher, you have spoken well.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴⁰ For they no longer dared to ask him anything.

David’s Son and Lord

⁴¹ But he said to them, “In what sense do they say that the Christ is David’s son?

⁴² For David himself says in the book of Psalms, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand,

⁴³ until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” ’¹

1. A quotation from Ps 110:1

⁴⁴ David therefore calls him ‘Lord,’ and how is he his son?”

Warning to Beware of the Scribes

⁴⁵ And while¹ all the people were listening, he said to the disciples,²

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were listening”)
2. Some manuscripts have “to his disciples”

⁴⁶ “Beware of the scribes, who like walking around in long robes and who love greetings in the marketplaces and the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets,

⁴⁷ who devour the houses of widows and pray lengthy prayers for the sake of appearance. These will receive more severe condemnation!”

A Poor Widow’s Offering

¹ And he looked up and¹ saw the rich putting their gifts into the contribution box,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“looked up”) has been translated as a finite verb

² and he saw a certain poor widow putting in there two small copper coins.¹

1. This coin was the lepton, worth 1/128 of a denarius

³ And he said, “Truly I say to you that this poor widow put in more than all of them.

⁴ For these all put gifts¹ into the offering out of their abundance, but this woman out of her poverty put in all the means of subsistence that she had.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

The Destruction of the Temple Predicted

⁵ And while¹ some were speaking about the temple, that it was adorned with precious stones and votive offerings, he said,

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were speaking”)

⁶ “As for these things that you see—days will come in which not one stone will be left on another stone that will not be thrown down!”

Signs of the End of the Age

⁷ And they asked him, saying, “Teacher, when therefore will these things happen, and what will be the sign when these things are about to take place?”

⁸ And he said, Watch out that you are not deceived! For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’ and ‘The time is near!’ Do not go after them!

⁹ And when you hear about wars and insurrections, do not be terrified, for these things must happen first, but the end will not be at once.”

¹⁰ Then he said to them, “nation will rise up against nation and kingdom against kingdom.

¹¹ There will be great earthquakes and famines and plagues in various places. There will be terrible sights and great signs from heaven.

Persecution of Disciples Predicted

¹² “But before all these things, they will lay their hands on you and will persecute you,¹ handing you² over to the synagogues and prisons. You will be brought before³ kings and governors because of my name.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the participle (“be brought before”) is translated as a finite verb because of English style

¹³ This will turn out to you for a time of witness.

¹⁴ ⌞Therefore make up your minds⌟¹ not to prepare in advance to speak in your own defense,

1. Literally “therefore place in your hearts”

¹⁵ for I will give you a mouth and wisdom that all your opponents will not be able to resist or contradict.

¹⁶ And you will be handed over even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and they will put to death some of you.

¹⁷ And you will be hated by all because of my name.

¹⁸ Even a hair of your head will never perish!

¹⁹ By your patient endurance you will gain your lives.

The Desolation of Jerusalem

²⁰ “But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation has come near.

²¹ Then those in Judea must flee to the mountains, and those ⌞inside it⌟¹ must depart, and those in the fields must not enter into it,

1. Literally “in the midst of it”

²² because these are days of vengeance, so that all the things that are written can be fulfilled.

²³ Woe to those ⌞who are pregnant⌟¹ and to those who are nursing their babies² in those days! For there will be great distress on the earth and wrath against this people,

1. Literally “who have in the womb”
2. *The words “their babies” are not in the Greek text but are supplied as a necessary clarification

²⁴ and they will fall by the edge of the sword, and will be led captive into all the nations,¹ and Jerusalem will be trampled down by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.

1. The same Greek word, occurring three times in this verse, can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context

The Arrival of the Son of Man

²⁵ “And there will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, and on the earth distress of nations in perplexity from the noise of the sea and its surging,

²⁶ people fainting from fear and expectation of what is coming on the inhabited earth, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.¹

1. An allusion to Isa 34:4

²⁷ And then they will see the Son of Man arriving in a cloud¹ with power and great glory.

1. An allusion to Dan 7:13

²⁸ But when¹ these things begin to happen, stand up straight and raise your heads, because your redemption is drawing near!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“begin”)

The Parable of the Fig Tree

²⁹ And he told them a parable: “Look at the fig tree and all the trees.

³⁰ When they put out foliage,¹ now you see for yourselves and² know that by this time the summer is near.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“see”) has been translated as a finite verb

³¹ So also you, when you see these things happening, know¹ that the kingdom of God is near.

1. Or “you know”

³² Truly I say to you that this generation will never pass away until all things take place!

³³ Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.

Be Alert

³⁴ “But take care for yourselves, lest your hearts are weighed down with dissipation and drunkenness and the worries of daily life, and that day come upon you suddenly

³⁵ like a trap. For it will come upon all who reside on the face of the whole earth.

³⁶ But be alert at all times, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that are going to happen, and to stand before the Son of Man.”

³⁷ So throughout the days he was teaching in the temple courts,¹ and throughout the nights he was going out and² spending the night on the hill that is called the Mount of Olives.

1. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“was going out”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁸ And all the people were getting up very early in the morning to come¹ to him in the temple courts² to listen to him.

1. *The words “to come” are not in the Greek text but are implied
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself

The Chief Priests and Scribes Plot to Kill Jesus

¹ Now the feast of Unleavened Bread (which is called Passover) was drawing near.

² And the chief priests and the scribes were seeking how they could destroy him, because they were afraid of the people.

Judas Arranges to Betray Jesus

³ And Satan entered into Judas, the one called Iscariot, who was of the number of the twelve.

⁴ And he went away and¹ discussed with the chief priests and officers of the temple guard how he could betray him to them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went away”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵ And they were delighted, and came to an agreement with him to give him¹ money.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶ And he agreed, and began looking¹ for a favorable opportunity to betray him to them apart from the crowd.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began looking”)

Jesus’ Final Passover with the Disciples

⁷ And the day of the feast of Unleavened Bread came, on which it was necessary for the Passover lamb to be sacrificed.

⁸ And he sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and¹ prepare the Passover for us, so that we may eat it.²

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁹ So they said to him, “Where do you want us to prepare it?”¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁰ And he said to them, “Behold, when¹ you have entered into the city, a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him into the house which he enters.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“have entered”)

¹¹ And you will say to the master of the house, ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?” ’

¹² And he will show you a large furnished¹ upstairs room. Make preparations there.”

1. Or perhaps “paved” or “panelled”

¹³ So they went and¹ found everything² just as he had told them, and they prepared the Passover.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

The Lord’s Supper

¹⁴ And when the hour came, he reclined at the table, and the apostles with him.

¹⁵ And he said to them, “⌞I have earnestly desired⌟¹ to eat this Passover with you before I suffer.

1. Literally “I have desired with desire”

¹⁶ For I tell you that I will not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.”

¹⁷ And he took in hand a cup, and¹ after² giving thanks he said, “Take this and share it³ among yourselves.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took in hand”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal participle (“giving thanks”)
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹⁸ For I tell you,¹ from now on I will not drink of the product of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.”

1. Some manuscripts have “I tell you that”

¹⁹ And he took bread, and¹ after² giving thanks, he broke it³ and gave it⁴ to them, saying, “This is my body which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal participle (“giving thanks”)
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁰ And in the same way the cup after they had eaten, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood which is poured out for you.

²¹ “But behold, the hand of the one who is betraying me is with me on the table!

²² For the Son of Man is going according to what has been determined, but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed!”

²³ And they began to debate with one another who then of them it could be who was going to do this.

A Dispute About Who Is Greatest

²⁴ And a dispute also occurred among them as to which of them was recognized as being greatest.

²⁵ So he said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles¹ lord it over them, and those who have authority over them are called benefactors.

1. The same Greek word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context

²⁶ But you are not to be like this! But the one who is greatest among you must become like the youngest, and the one who leads like the one who serves.

²⁷ For who is greater, the one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines at the table? But I am in your midst as the one who serves.

²⁸ “And you are the ones who have remained¹ with me in my trials,

1. Or “ones who have continued”

²⁹ and I confer on you a kingdom, just as my Father conferred on me,

³⁰ that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

Jesus Predicts Peter’s Denial

³¹ “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded to sift you like wheat,

³² but I have prayed for you, that your faith may not fail. And you, when¹ once you have turned back,² strengthen your brothers.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“have turned back”) which is understood as temporal
2. Or “have turned around”

³³ But he said to him, “Lord, I am ready to go with you both to prison and to death!”

³⁴ And he said, “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow today until you have denied three times that you know me!”

The Two Swords

³⁵ And he said to them, “When I sent you out without a money bag and a traveler’s bag and sandals, you did not lack anything, did you?”¹ And they said, “Nothing.”

1. *The negative construction in Greek anticipates a negative answer here, indicated in the translation by “did you”

³⁶ And he said to them, “But now the one who has a money bag must take it,¹ and likewise a traveler’s bag. And the one who does not have a sword must sell his cloak and buy one.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³⁷ For I tell you that this that is written must be fulfilled in me: ‘And he was counted with the criminals.’¹ For indeed, what is written² about me ⌞is being fulfilled⌟.”³

1. A quotation from Isa 53:12
2. *The phrase “what is written” is not in the Greek text but is an understood repetition of the similar phrase at the beginning of the verse
3. Literally “is having an end”

³⁸ So they said, “Lord, behold, here are two swords!” And he said to them, “It is adequate.”

The Prayer in Gethsemane

³⁹ And he went away and¹ proceeded, according to his² custom, to the Mount of Olives, and the disciples also followed him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went away”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁴⁰ And when¹ he came to the place, he said to them, “Pray that you will not enter into temptation.”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“came”) which is understood as temporal

⁴¹ And he withdrew from them about a stone’s throw and ⌞knelt down⌟¹ and² began to pray,³

1. Literally “bent his knees”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“knelt down”; literally “bent his knees”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to pray”)

⁴² saying, “Father, if you are willing, take away this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will but yours be done.” 〚

⁴³ And an angel from heaven appeared to him, strengthening him.

⁴⁴ And being in anguish, he began praying¹ more fervently and his sweat became like drops of blood falling down to the ground.〛²

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began praying”)
2. A number of early and important Greek manuscripts lack verses 43 and 44

⁴⁵ And when he¹ got up from the prayer and² came to the disciples, he found them sleeping from sorrow,

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“got up”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb in keeping with English style

⁴⁶ and he said to them, “Why are you sleeping? Get up and¹ pray that you will not enter into temptation!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“get up”) has been translated as a finite verb

The Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus

⁴⁷ While¹ he was still speaking, behold, there came a crowd, and the one named Judas, one of the twelve, leading them. And he approached Jesus to kiss him.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“speaking”)

⁴⁸ But Jesus said to him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?”

⁴⁹ And when¹ those around him saw what was about to happen, they said, “Lord, should we strike with the sword?”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

⁵⁰ And a certain one of them struck the slave of the high priest and cut off his right ear.

⁵¹ But Jesus answered and¹ said, “⌞Stop! No more of this!⌟”² And he touched his³ ear and⁴ healed him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Literally “leave off to this”
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
4. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“touched”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵² And Jesus said to the chief priests and officers of the temple and elders who had come out against him, “Have you come out with swords and clubs, as against a robber?

⁵³ Every day when¹ I was with you in the temple courts,² you did not stretch out your³ hands against me! But this is your hour and the domain of darkness!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”)
2. *Here “courts” is supplied to distinguish this area from the interior of the temple building itself
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

Jesus Before the Sanhedrin

⁵⁴ And they arrested him and¹ led him² away and brought him³ into the house of the high priest. But Peter was following at a distance.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“arrested”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵⁵ And when they¹ had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat down together, Peter sat down among them.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had kindled”) which is understood as temporal

⁵⁶ And a certain female slave, seeing him sitting in the light and looking intently at him, said, “This man also was with him!”

⁵⁷ But he denied it,¹ saying, “Woman, I do not know him!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁵⁸ And after a short time another person saw him and¹ said, “You also are one of them!” But Peter said, “Man, I am not!”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“saw”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵⁹ And after¹ about one hour had passed, someone else was insisting, saying, “In truth this man also was with him, because he is also a Galilean!”

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“had passed”)

⁶⁰ But Peter said, “Man, I do not know what you are talking about!” And immediately, while¹ he was still speaking, a rooster crowed.

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was speaking”)

⁶¹ And the Lord turned around and¹ looked intently at Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord,² how he said to him, “Before the rooster crows today, you will deny me three times.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“turned around”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Some manuscripts have “the Lord’s statement”

⁶² And he went outside and¹ wept bitterly.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁶³ And the men who were guarding him began to mock¹ him while² they beat him,³

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to mock”)
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“beat”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶⁴ and after¹ blindfolding him they repeatedly asked² him,³ saying, “Prophesy! Who is the one who struck you?”

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“blindfolding”) which is understood as temporal
2. *This imperfect verb is translated as iterative (“repeatedly asked”)
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶⁵ And they were saying many other things against him, reviling him.¹

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Jesus Before the Sanhedrin

⁶⁶ And when day came, the council of elders of the people gathered, both chief priests and scribes, and they led him away to their Sanhedrin,¹

1. Or “council”

⁶⁷ saying, “If you are the Christ, tell us!” But he said to them, “If I tell you, you will never believe,

⁶⁸ and if I ask you,¹ you will never answer!

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁶⁹ But from now on the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.”

⁷⁰ So they all said, “Are you then the Son of God?” And he said to them, “You say that I am.”

⁷¹ And they said, “Why do we have need of further testimony? For we ourselves have heard it¹ from his mouth!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Jesus Brought Before Pilate

¹ And the whole assembly of them rose up and¹ brought him before Pilate.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“rose up”) has been translated as a finite verb

² And they began to accuse him, saying, “We have found this man misleading our nation and forbidding us¹ to pay taxes to Caesar, and saying he himself is Christ, a king!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³ And Pilate asked him, saying, “Are you the king of the Jews?” And he answered him and¹ said, “You say so.”

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁴ So Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, “I find no basis for an accusation against this man.”

⁵ But they insisted, saying, “He incites the people, teaching throughout the whole of Judea and beginning from Galilee as far as here.”

Jesus Brought Before Herod

⁶ Now when¹ Pilate heard this,² he asked if the man was a Galilean.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

⁷ And when he¹ found out that he was from the jurisdiction of Herod, he sent him over to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem in those days.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“found out”) which is understood as temporal

⁸ And when¹ Herod saw Jesus, he was very glad, for he had been wanting to see him for a long time, because he had heard about him and was hoping to see some miracle performed by him.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal

⁹ So he questioned him ⌞at considerable length⌟,¹ but he answered nothing to him.

1. Literally “with many words”

¹⁰ And the chief priests and the scribes were standing there vehemently accusing him.

¹¹ And Herod with his soldiers also treated him with contempt, and after¹ mocking him² and³ dressing him⁴ in glistening clothing, he sent him back to Pilate.

1. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“mocking”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. *Here “and” is supplied to connect the two participles (“mocking” and “dressing”) in keeping with English style
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

¹² And both Herod and Pilate became friends with one another on that same day, ⌞for they had previously been enemies of one another⌟.¹

1. Literally “for they had previously existed being at enmity with each other”

Pilate Releases Barabbas

¹³ So Pilate called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people

¹⁴ and¹ said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was misleading the people, and behold, when I² examined him³ before you, I found nothing in this man as basis for the accusation which ⌞you are making⌟⁴ against him.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the participle in the previous verse (“called together”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“examined”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. Literally “you are accusing”

¹⁵ But neither did Herod, because he sent him back to us. And behold, nothing deserving death ⌞has been done⌟¹ by him.

1. Literally “is having been done”

¹⁶ Therefore I will punish him and¹ release him.”²³

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“punish”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
3. Many of the most important Greek manuscripts lack v. 17, “Now he was obligated to release for them at the feast one person.”

¹⁸ But they all cried out in unison, saying, “Take this man away, and release for us Barabbas!”

¹⁹ (who had been thrown in prison because of a certain insurrection that had taken place in the city, and for murder).

²⁰ And Pilate, wanting to release Jesus, addressed them¹² again,

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Some manuscripts explicitly state “them”

²¹ but they kept crying out, saying, “Crucify! Crucify him!”

²² So he said to them a third time, “Why? What wrong has this man done? I found no basis for an accusation ⌞deserving death⌟¹ in him. Therefore I will punish him and² release him.”³

1. Literally “of death”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“punish”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²³ But they were urgent, demanding with loud cries that he be crucified. And their cries prevailed.

²⁴ And Pilate decided that their demand should be granted.

²⁵ And he released the one who had been thrown into prison because of insurrection and murder, whom they were asking for, but Jesus he handed over to their will.

Jesus Is Crucified

²⁶ And as they led him away, they seized Simon, a certain man of Cyrene, who was coming from the country, and¹ placed the cross on him, to carry it² behind Jesus.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“seized”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁷ And a great crowd of the people were following him, and of women who were mourning and lamenting him.

²⁸ But turning to them, Jesus said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children!

²⁹ For behold, days are coming in which they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that did not give birth, and the breasts that did not nurse!’

³⁰ Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us!’

³¹ For if they do these things ⌞when the wood is green⌟,¹ what will happen ⌞when it is dry⌟?”²

1. Literally “in the green wood”
2. Literally “in the dry”

³² And two other criminals were also led away to be executed with him.

³³ And when they came to the place that is called “The Skull,” there they crucified him, and the criminals, the one on his right and the other on his left.

³⁴ 〚But Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.”〛¹ And they cast lots to divide his clothes.

1. Many important manuscripts lack v. 34a, “But Jesus said, ‘Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.’ ”

³⁵ And the people stood there watching, but the rulers also ridiculed him,¹ saying, “He saved others; let him save himself, if this man is the Christ² of God, the Chosen One!”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. Or “Messiah”

³⁶ And the soldiers also mocked him, coming up and¹ offering him sour wine

1. *Here “and” is supplied to connect the two participles (“coming up” and “offering”) in keeping with English style

³⁷ and saying, “If you are the king of the Jews, save yourself!”

³⁸ And there was also an inscription over him, “This is the king of the Jews.”

³⁹ And one of the criminals who were hanged there reviled him, saying, “Are you not the Christ? Save yourself—and us!”

⁴⁰ But the other answered and¹ rebuked him, saying, “Do you not even fear God, because you are undergoing the same condemnation?

1. *Here “and” is supplied to connect the two participles (“answered” and “rebuked”) in keeping with English style

⁴¹ And we indeed justly, for we are receiving ⌞what we deserve⌟¹ for what we have done. But this man has done nothing wrong!”

1. Literally “things worthy”

⁴² And he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom!”

⁴³ And he said to him, “Truly I say to you, today you will be with me in paradise.”

Jesus Dies on the Cross

⁴⁴ And by this time it was about the sixth hour, and darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour

⁴⁵ because¹ the light of the sun failed. And the curtain of the temple was torn apart down the middle.

1. *Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“failed”) which is understood as causal

⁴⁶ And Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, “Father, into your hands I entrust my spirit!”¹ And after he² said this, he expired.

1. A quotation from Ps 31:5
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“said”) which is understood as temporal

⁴⁷ Now when¹ the centurion saw what had happened, he began to praise² God, saying, “Certainly this man was righteous!”

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to praise”)

⁴⁸ And all the crowds that had come together for this spectacle, when they¹ saw the things that had happened, returned home² beating their³ breasts.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
2. *The word “home” is not in the Greek text, but is implied
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁴⁹ And all his acquaintances, and the women who had followed him from Galilee who saw these things, stood at a distance.

Jesus Is Buried

⁵⁰ And behold, a man ⌞named⌟¹ Joseph, who was a member of the council,² a good³ and righteous man

1. Literally “by name”
2. Or “a member of the Sanhedrin”
3. Some manuscripts have “and a good”

⁵¹ (this man was not consenting to their plan and deed), from Arimathea, ⌞a Judean town⌟,¹ who was looking forward to the kingdom of God.

1. Literally “a town of the Jews”

⁵² This man approached Pilate and¹ asked for the body of Jesus.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“approached”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵³ And he took it¹ down and² wrapped it in a linen cloth and placed him in a tomb cut into the rock where no one had ever been placed.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“wrapped”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵⁴ And it was the day of preparation, and the Sabbath was drawing near.

⁵⁵ And the women who had been accompanying him from Galilee followed and¹ saw the tomb and how his body was placed.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“followed”) has been translated as a finite verb

⁵⁶ And they returned and¹ prepared fragrant spices and perfumes, and on the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“returned”) has been translated as a finite verb

Jesus Is Raised

¹ Now on the first day of the week, at very early dawn, they came back to the tomb bringing the fragrant spices which they had prepared.

² And they found the stone had been rolled away from the tomb,

³ but when they¹ went in, they did not find the body.²

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“went in”) which is understood as temporal
2. Some manuscripts add “of the Lord Jesus”

⁴ And it happened that while they were perplexed about this, behold, two men in gleaming clothing stood near them.

⁵ And as¹ they were terrified and bowed their faces to the ground, they said to them, “Why are you looking for the living among the dead?

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participles (“were” and “bowed”)

⁶ He is not here, but has been raised! Remember how he spoke to you while he¹ was still in Galilee,

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was”) which is understood as temporal

⁷ saying that the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of men who are sinners, and be crucified, and on the third day rise?”

⁸ And they remembered his words,

⁹ and when they¹ returned from the tomb, they reported all these things to the eleven and to all the rest.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“returned”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁰ Now Mary Magdalene and Joanna and Mary the mother of James and the others with them were telling these things to the apostles.

¹¹ And these words appeared to them as nonsense, and they refused to believe them.

¹² But Peter got up and¹ ran to the tomb, and bending over to look, he saw only the strips of linen cloth, and he went away to his home² wondering what had happened.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. Or “wondering to himself,” if the prepositional phrase modifies the following participle

Jesus Encountered on the Road to Emmaus

¹³ And behold, on that same day, two of them were traveling to a village ⌞named⌟¹ Emmaus that was sixty stadia² distant from Jerusalem,

1. Literally “to which the name”
2. A “stade” or “stadium” (plur. “stadia”) is about 607 ft (187 m)

¹⁴ and they were conversing with one another about all these things that had happened.

¹⁵ And it happened that while they were conversing, and discussing, Jesus himself also approached and¹ began to go along with² them,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“approached”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began to go along with”)

¹⁶ but their eyes were prevented from recognizing him.

¹⁷ And he said to them, “What are these matters that you are discussing with one another as you¹ are walking along?” And they stood still, looking sad.

1. *Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“walking along”) which is understood as temporal

¹⁸ And one of them, ⌞named⌟¹ Cleopas, answered and² said to him, “Are you the only one living near Jerusalem and not knowing the things that have happened in it in these days?”

1. Literally “by name”
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb

¹⁹ And he said to them, “What things?” So they said to him, “The things concerning Jesus the Nazarene, a man who was a prophet, powerful in deed and word before God and all the people,

²⁰ and how our chief priests and rulers handed him over to a sentence of death, and crucified him.

²¹ But we were hoping that he was the one who was going to redeem Israel. But in addition to all these things, this is the third day ⌞since⌟¹ these things took place.

1. Literally “he spends from which”

²² But also some women from among us astonished us, who were at the tomb early in the morning,

²³ and when they¹ did not find his body, they came back saying they had seen even a vision of angels, who said that he was alive!

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“find”) which is understood as temporal

²⁴ And some of those with us went out to the tomb and found it¹ like this, just as the women had also said, but him they did not see.”

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

²⁵ And he said to them, “O foolish and slow in heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken!

²⁶ Was it not necessary that the Christ suffer these things and enter into his glory?”

²⁷ And beginning from Moses and from all the prophets, he interpreted to them the things concerning himself in all the scriptures.

²⁸ And they drew near to the village where they were going, and he acted as though he was going farther.

²⁹ And they urged him strongly, saying, “Stay with us, because it is getting toward evening, and by this time the day is far spent.” And he went in to stay with them.

³⁰ And it happened that when he reclined at the table with them, he took the bread and¹ gave thanks, and after² breaking it,³ he gave it⁴ to them.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
2. *Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“breaking”) which is understood as temporal
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
4. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

³¹ And their eyes were opened, and they recognized him, and he became invisible to them.

³² And they said to one another, “Were not our hearts burning within us while he was speaking with us on the road, while he was explaining the scriptures to us?”

³³ And they got up that same hour and¹ returned to Jerusalem and found the eleven and those with them assembled,

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“got up”) has been translated as a finite verb

³⁴ saying, “The Lord has really been raised, and has appeared to Simon!”

³⁵ And they began describing¹ ⌞what happened⌟² on the road, and how he was recognized by them in the breaking of the bread.

1. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here (“began describing”)
2. Literally “the things”

Jesus Appears to His Disciples

³⁶ And while¹ they were saying these things, he himself stood there among them.²

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“were saying”)
2. Some manuscripts add “and said to them, ‘Peace to you!’ ”

³⁷ But they were startled and became terrified, and¹ thought they had seen a ghost.

1. *Here “and” is supplied because the two previous participles (“startled” and “terrified”) have been translated as finite verbs

³⁸ And he said to them, “Why are you frightened? And for what reason do doubts arise in your hearts?

³⁹ Look at my hands and my feet, that I am I myself! Touch me and see, because a ghost does not have flesh and bones, as ⌞you see that I have⌟.”¹

1. Literally “you see me having”

⁴⁰ And when he¹ had said this, he showed them his² hands and his³ feet.

1. *Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had said”) which is understood as temporal
2. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
3. *Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun

⁴¹ And while¹ they were still disbelieving because of joy and were marveling, he said to them, “Do you have anything ⌞to eat⌟² here?”

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“disbelieving”)
2. Literally “eatable”

⁴² So they gave him a piece of broiled fish,

⁴³ and he took it¹ and² ate it³ in front of them.

1. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
2. *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“took”) has been translated as a finite verb
3. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

Jesus Commissions His Disciples

⁴⁴ And he said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I¹ was still with you, that everything that is written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and psalms must be fulfilled.”

1. *Here “while” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was”) which is understood as temporal

⁴⁵ Then he opened their minds to understand the scriptures,

⁴⁶ and said to them, “Thus it is written that the Christ would suffer and would rise from the dead on the third day,

⁴⁷ and repentance and the forgiveness¹ of sins would be proclaimed in his name to all the nations,² beginning from Jerusalem.