H7901H

שָׁכַב

sha.khavH:V

to lie down: sleep

: sleep/rest 1) to lie down 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on 1a2) to lodge 1a3) to lie (of sexual relations) 1a4) to lie down (in death) 1a5) to rest, relax (fig) 1b) (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually) 1c) (Pual) to be lain with (sexually) 1d) (Hiphil) to make to lie down 1e) (Hophal) to be laid

Full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon entry

שָׁכַב (Lag^{BN 63}) verb lie down (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; שכב Eccl 47:23 (in death), משכב bed Eccl 40:5, = death bed Eccl 46:19 Phoenician שכב, משכב (see ׳מ

1. below), Lzb³⁷⁵; Ethiopic lie, Aramaic שְׁכַב, ; Nabataean משכבא couch; Arabic only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (compare Hiph`il below, and Lag^{BN 63})); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 26:10 +, etc.; Imperfect יִשְׁכַּב Gen 30:15 +, 3 masculine plural יִשְׁכְּבֻן 1Sam 2:22, יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן Josh 2:8; Job 30:17, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁכַב 2Sam 13:5; Ezek 4:4, שִׁכְבָה Gen 39:7; Gen 39:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁכֹב Lev 15:24 construct שְׁכַב 1Kgs 1:21 +, suffix שָׁכְבוֺ Ruth 3:4, שִׁכְבָהּ Gen 19:33; Gen 19:35, שָׁכְבְּךָ Deut 6:7 + 2 t.; Participle שֹׁכֵב Gen 28:13 +, feminine שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת Mic 7:5; Ruth 3:8, etc.; —

1. lie down (sometimes opposed to קוּם, הֵקִיץ):
a. Judg 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + כָּרַע, נָפַל).
b. to sleep, Gen 19:4 (J), Gen 28:11 (E), 1Sam 3:5; Deut 7:7; Prov 6:22 + often; read וַיִּשְׁכַּב also (for וַיַּשְׁכֵּם) 1Sam 9:26 ᵐ5 Th We Dr and modern; ׳שׁ + יָשֵׁן sleep 1Kgs 19:5; Ps 3:6; Ps 4:9, compare Prov 3:24 (twice in verse), + נִרְדָּם Jonah 1:5 = be lying 1Sam 3:2; 1Sam 3:3; 1Sam 26:5 (all בְּ local), v1Sam 26:7; 1Sam 4:5 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb noon-repose), 2Sam 13:8, compare שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶביָֿם Prov 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Eccl 4:11 + be sleeping 1Sam 26:7 = keep lying, with עַד Judg 16:3; 1Sam 3:15; Ruth 3:13; Prov 6:9 emphasis on resting, Lev 26:6 (H), Job 11:18 token of mourning, וְשָׁכַב אָ֑רְצָה (וְלָן) 2Sam 12:16, compare 2Sam 13:21, בַּשָּׂק ׳שׁ 1Kgs 21:27, בֵּין שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם ׳שׁ Ps 68:14 (of indolence?); figurative of prostration by disease Ps 41:9 among foes Ps 57:5 of humiliation Jer 3:25 with עַל of thing: land Gen 28:13 (J), usually bed 2Sam 13:5; 1Kgs 21:4; Lev 15:4; Lev 15:24; Lev 15:26, compare vLev 15:20, for midday repose 2Sam 4:7.
c. lie on (עַל) one's side Ezek 4:4 (twice in verse); Ezek 4:6; Ezek 4:9 (symbolic).
d. lie, עַל person 1Kgs 3:19 (fatally), 2Kgs 4:34 (to revive).
e. lie בְּחֵיק, of lamb (i.e. be cherished) 2Sam 12:3, of woman Mic 7:5 (intimacy), 1Kgs 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Gen 19:33; Gen 19:35 (of woman, see

3. below; both opposed to קוּם).

2. = lodge (for night), (שָׁ֫מָּהׅ ׳שׁ Josh 2:1 (E), 2Kgs 4:11, compare 2Kgs 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Lev 14:47 (בְּ local).

3. of sexual relations, lie with: subject man, with עִם Gen 30:15; Gen 30:16; Gen 39:7; Gen 39:12; Gen 39:14 (J), Exod 22:13 (E), Deut 22:22 + 8 t. Deuteronomy; 2Sam 11:4; 2Sam 11:11; 2Sam 12:11; 2Sam 12:24; Lev 15:33 with אֶת feminine with (ᵑ0 אֹתָהּ, etc., originally אִתָּהּ, etc., see Dr^{2Sam 13:14 and II.} אֵת, p. 85:a above), Gen 26:10; Gen 34:2; Gen 34:7; Gen 35:22 (all J), 1Sam 2:22 (omitted by ᵐ5 and modern), 2Sam 13:14; Ezek 23:8 (figurative), Lev 15:24 (שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב), Num 5:19, also (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb שִׁכְבַתזֶֿרַע) vNum 5:13; Lev 15:18; Lev 19:20 with accusative (suffix) feminine Deut 28:30 Kt (see [ שָׁגֵל]); with אֵצֶל feminine Gen 39:10 (J); with אֵת of a man (sodomy), Lev 18:22; Lev 20:13 (both H; with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה); with עִםבְּֿהֵמָה Deut 27:21; Lev 22:18 (H); subject woman, with עִם of a man Gen 19:32; Gen 19:34; Gen 19:35 (J) 2Sam 13:11 אֵת of a man Gen 19:33; Gen 19:34 (compare 1 e above).

4. a. lie down in death, Isa 14:8; Isa 43:17 (opposed to קוּם), Ezek 31:18; Ezek 32:27; Ezek 32:28; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30; Job 14:12 (opposed to קוּם, הֵקִיץ), וְאֶשְׁקוֺט ׳שׁ Job 3:12 be lying (dead) Isa 51:20; Lam 2:21.
b. especially in phrase עִם אֲבוֺתָיו ׳שׁ lie down with his fathers, of kings 1Kgs 1:21; 1Kgs 2:10 + 35 t. Kings Chronicles, compare Gen 47:30 (J) Deut 31:16, and (with אֵת) 2Sam 7:12
c. in grave, בְּבֵיתוֺ Isa 14:18 (opposed to מִקִּבְרְךָ), שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר Ps 88:6 לֶעָפָר Job 7:21, ׳עַלעֿ Job 20:11; Job 21:26 in sh®°ôl Ezek 32:21 in Gehenna (?) Isa 50:11.

5. figurative = relax: Job 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, לִבּוֺ ׳לֹא שׁ Eccl 2:23. Niph`al Pu`al = be lain with (sexually; subject woman), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph`al Pu`al q. v. Hiph`il lay, Perfect 3 feminine singular הִשְׁכִּיבָה with accusative puer. + בְּחֵיק 1Kgs 3:20, so Imperfect 3 feminine singular suffix וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ v1Kgs 3:20, compare (עַלמִֿטָּה) 1Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 4:21 Infinitive absolute הַשְׁכֵּב אוֺתָם אַ֫רְצָה 2Sam 8:2 making them lie down on ground; Imperfect also lay בַּמִּשְׁכָּב 2Chr 16:14 (of burial); נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּיב Job 38:37 i.e. tip them so that contents may flow out (compare Arabic above). Hoph`al Participle מֻשְׁכָּב 2Kgs 4:32 laid עַלמִֿטָּה; Perfect consecutive וְהֻשְׁכַּב Ezek 32:32 shall be laid (in death), with בְּתוֺךְ and אֵת person (with); so Imperative masculine singular הָשְׁכְּבָה vEzek 32:19 (with אֵת person only).

[שָׁכַם] verb Hiph`il denominative start, rise, early (properly load backs of beasts for day's journey); — Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁכִּים 2Sam 15:2; Job 1:5, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיַּשְׁכֵּם Gen 19:27 +, 2 masculine singular תְּשְׁכִּים Judg 9:33, etc.; Imperative הַשְׁכֵּם Exod 8:16 +; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁכֵּם Jer 7:25 +, כֵּים- Jer 44:4; Prov 27:14, erroneous אַשְׁכֵּים Jer 25:3 (Ges^{«GKC:53»§ 53} K); Participle מַשְׁכִּים Hos 6:4 +, etc., — rise early, make an early start, of journey (Hexateuch only J E); לְדַרְכְּכֶם Judg 19:9 (+ מָחָר), compare Song 7:13 + verb of going Gen 19:2 (J), standing 2Sam 15:2 (compare Dr), encamping Judg 7:1, etc.; + infinitive 1Sam 15:12 (compare Dr), 1Sam 29:11; 2Kgs 6:15 (לָקוּם), מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם Ps 127:3 (opposed to מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת); usually with בַּבֹּקֶר Gen 19:27 (J; אֶלהַֿמָּקוֺם), 1Sam 29:10 (twice in verse) + 27 t., + (hyperbole) שֵׁכָר ׳מַשְׁכִּימֵי בַבּ יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ Isa 5:11 (|| מְאַחֲרֵי בֵנֶּשֶׁף); with מִמָּחֳרָת Exod 32:6 (E), Judg 6:28 + 3 t.; with בַּעֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר Josh 6:15 (J), 1Sam 19:26 וַיְמַהֲרוּ וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ וַיֵּצְאוּ Josh 8:14 (J) they made a quick and early start; and went out; Infinitive absolute (Ges^{«GKC:113s»§ 113s}) as adverb וְהַעֲרֵב ׳הַשׁ 1Sam 17:16 at early morning and at evening; especially of ׳י, in Jeremiah: ׳הַשׁ וְדַבֵּר = speaking early and often Jer 7:13; Jer 35:14 and (of Jeremiah) Jer 25:3, compare Jer 11:7; Jer 32:33 often וְשָׁלוֺחַ ׳הַשׁ = sending early and often Jer 7:25; Jer 24:4; Jer 26:5; Jer 29:19; Jer 35:14; Jer 44:4, also 2Chr 36:15 so verb finite הִשְׁכִּימוּ הִשְׁחִיתוּ, Zeph 3:7 = with eagerness they corrupted (Ges^{«GKC:120g»§ 120g}); participle הֹלֵךְ ׳כַּטַּל מַשְׁ Hos 6:4 like the dew departing early, Hos 13:3 (Ges^ib.). — 1Sam 9:26 read וַיִּשְׁכַּב, see שׁכב

שׁכב (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew שָׁכַב, מִשְׁכָּב).

11 occurrences

Genesis (1), Leviticus (1), Deuteronomy (2), Judges (1), II Samuel (2), I Kings (1), Job (2), Ecclesiastes (1)