¹ Paul, bondman of Jesus Christ, [a] called apostle, separated to¹ God's glad tidings,

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² (which he had before promised by his prophets in holy writings,)

³ concerning his Son (come of David's seed according to flesh,

⁴ marked out Son of¹ God in power, according to [the] Spirit of holiness, by resurrection of [the] dead) Jesus Christ our Lord;

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⁵ by whom we have received grace and apostleship in behalf of his name, for obedience of faith among all the nations,

⁶ among whom are ye also [the] called of Jesus Christ:

⁷ to all that are in Rome, beloved of¹ God, called saints: Grace to you and peace from² God our Father and [our] Lord Jesus Christ.

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⁸ First, I thank my¹ God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is proclaimed in the whole world.

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⁹ For¹ God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the glad tidings of his Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you,

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¹⁰ always beseeching at my prayers, if any way now at least I may be prospered by the will of¹ God to come to you.

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¹¹ For I greatly desire to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift to establish you;

¹² that is, to have mutual comfort among you, each by the faith [which is] in the other, both yours and mine.

¹³ But I do not wish you to be ignorant, brethren, that I often proposed to come to you, (and have been hindered until the present time,) that I might have some fruit among you too, even as among the other nations also.

¹⁴ I am a debtor both to Greeks and barbarians, both to wise and unintelligent:

¹⁵ so, as far as depends on me, am I ready to announce the glad tidings to you also who [are] in Rome.

¹⁶ For I am not ashamed of the glad tidings; for it is¹ God's power to salvation, to every one that believes, both to Jew first and to Greek:

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¹⁷ for righteousness of¹ God is revealed therein, on the principle of faith, to faith: according as it is written, But the just shall live by faith.

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¹⁸ For there is revealed wrath of¹ God from heaven upon all impiety, and unrighteousness of men holding the truth in unrighteousness.

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¹⁹ Because what is known of¹ God is manifest among them, for² God has manifested [it] to them,

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²⁰ — for from [the] world's creation the invisible things of him are perceived, being apprehended by the mind through the things that are made, both his eternal power and divinity, — so as to render them inexcusable.

²¹ Because, knowing¹ God, they glorified [him] not as² God, neither were thankful; but fell into folly in their thoughts, and their heart without understanding was darkened:

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²² professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

²³ and changed the glory of the incorruptible¹ God into [the] likeness of an image of corruptible man and of birds and quadrupeds and reptiles.

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²⁴ Wherefore¹ God gave them up [also] in the lusts of their hearts to uncleanness, to dishonour their bodies between themselves:

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²⁵ who changed the truth of¹ God into falsehood, and honoured and served the creature more than him who had created [it], who is blessed for ever. Amen.

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²⁶ For this reason¹ God gave them up to vile lusts; for both their females changed the natural use into that contrary to nature;

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²⁷ and in like manner the males also, leaving the natural use of the female, were inflamed in their lust towards one another; males with males working shame, and receiving in themselves the recompense of their error which was fit.

²⁸ And according as they did not think good to have¹ God in [their] knowledge,²God gave them up to a reprobate mind to practise unseemly things;

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²⁹ being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil dispositions; whisperers,

³⁰ back-biters, hateful to¹ God, insolent, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,

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³¹ void of understanding, faithless, without natural affection, unmerciful;

³² who knowing the righteous judgment of¹ God, that they who do such things are worthy of death, not only practise them, but have fellow delight in those who do [them].

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